Download EZMP1640 Arterial and Veneo Arterial and

EZMP1640 Arterial and Veneous Circulation
This 3D printed specimen integrates segmented angiographic data of both the cranial arterial
and venous circulation into a single model.
Circle of Willis;
the paired vertebral arteries entering the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum and
uniting to form the basilar artery. The basilar can be seen dividing into their terminal
posterior cerebral arteries. The superior cerebellar arteries arise just proximal
proxi
to this
termination.
The internal carotid arteries (ICAs) can be traced from the point where they enter the
petrous portion of the temporal bone via the carotid canal and travel medially and anteriorly
to emerge on the superior margin of the foramen lacerum.
lacerum. It is here that each ICA lies within
the cavernous sinus (not shown). The S-shaped
S shaped carotid siphon on both left and right sides are
most beautifully demonstrated lateral to the sella turcica. The ICAs then pass medial to the
anterior clinoid processes.
s. We note that (as in up to 30% of individuals) there has been
ossification of the ligamentous bridge between the middle clinoid processes and the anterior
clinoid process to create a caroticoclinoid foramen. The ICAs then divide into anterior and
middle cerebral arteries. The paired posterior communicating arteries are clearly visible
connecting the posterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries. The completion of the Circle
of Willis, made by the single anterior communicating artery between the anterior cerebrals
arteries is difficult to discern as the anterior cerebral arteries lie so close together.
Arterial Circulation;
The model demonstrates the internal carotid and vertebral arteries entering the skull,
branching into the intracranial arteries that supply the brain. This more expanded 3D print of
the internal carotid and vertebral artery and their branches, inclusive of the Circle of Willis,
displays the full branching pattern of the cerebral and cerebellar arteries. This includes the
pericallosal arteries
rteries (from the anterior cerebrals) with its named branches, the superior and
inferior divisions of the middle cerebral (including sulcal, temporal, and parietal arteries),
and the posterior cerebral artery branches. The ophthalmic artery can also be seen
see as the
first intracranial branch of the internal carotid artery entering the optic canal.
Venous circulation;
The dural venous sinus network has been segmented based on structures visible from the
circulation of contrast medium in the late phase of filling.
filling. As a result, while most of the
sinuses are present, the lack of contrast in the anterior portions of the venous system means
that some structures are not as clear in the model as may be expected – for example the
cavernous sinus and inferior petrosal sinus.
The extensive network of dural veins and venous lacunae are visible, which drain towards the
midline in the superior sagittal sinus. Deep to this network of sinus veins are the great
cerebral vein which drains with the inferior sagittal sinus into the
the straight sinus which then
converges with the superior sagittal at the confluence of sinuses. Several dural veins drain
into the left and right transverse sinuses as they pass anteriorly towards the petrous portion
of the temporal bone. The sigmoid sinuses
sinuses can be seen in the posterior cranial fossa prior to
exiting the skull at the jugular foramen and forming the internal jugular vein (visible on the
inferior surface of the skull).
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