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EARTH & BEYOND L5 1. The table below gives information about the planets of the Solar System. They are listed in alphabetical order. average distance from the Sun in million km diameter in km time for one orbit round the Sun time for one rotation on its axis in hours temperature on surface of planet in °C Earth 150 13 000 365 days 24 +22 Jupiter 780 140 000 12 years 9.8 –150 Mars 230 6800 687 days 25 –23 Mercury 58 4900 88 days 1400 +350 Neptune 4500 51 000 165 years 16 –220 Pluto 5900 2300 248 years 150 –220 Saturn 1400 120 000 29 years 10.2 –180 Uranus 2900 51 000 84 years 17 –210 Venus 110 12 000 225 days 5800 +480 planet (Data obtained from The Guinness Book of Astronomy, Patrick Moore; published by Guinness 1992) (a) Explain why Neptune and Pluto are the coldest planets. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 1 mark (b) Explain why there could be no liquid water on the surface of: (i) Mars ........................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................. 1 mark (ii) Venus ...................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................. 1 mark (c) On which planet would the time between sunrise and sunset be shortest? ..................................................................…… 1 mark Chichester High School For Boys 1 (d) Which planet has the shortest year?’ 1 mark ..................................................................…… (e) Give the name of the force which keeps the planets in their orbits. ..................................................................…… 1 mark Maximum 6 marks 2. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Sun Mars not to scale (a) Name one planet which is closer than Mars to the Sun. ..................................................................... 1 mark (b) A day and night on Mars lasts nearly 25 Earth hours. Explain why there is daytime and night-time on Mars. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... 1 mark (c) Like Earth, Mars has summers and winters. Suggest why there are seasons on Mars. .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... 1 mark Maximum 3 marks 1. (a) they are furthest from the Sun ac 1 cept ‘they are further from the Sun’ or ‘they are furthest away’ or ‘Pluto is furthest Chichester High School For Boys 2 from the Sun’ do not accept ‘they are far from the Sun’ (b) (i) it is below the freezing point of water accept ‘it would freeze’ or ‘it is too cold’ 1 (ii) it is above the boiling point of water accept ‘it would boil’ or ‘it would evaporate’ or ‘it is too hot’ do not accept ‘it would dry up’ or ‘it is too close to the Sun’ 1 (c) Jupiter 1 (d) Mercury 1 (e) gravity 1 do not accept ‘weight’ [6] 2. (a) any one from Mercury Venus Earth (b) it rotates on its axis 1 ac 1 cept 'it spins' or 'it turns on its axis' or 'it rotates' or 'it turns' accept 'it spins as it goes round the Sun’ do not accept 'it spins and it goes round the Sun' do not accept 'it goes round or moves round' (c) its axis is tilted cept 'sometimes one pole is closer to the Sun and sometimes the other is' or 'sometimes one pole is in daylight' ac 1 [3] Chichester High School For Boys 3