Download Week 5 (10/02/12): Lecture Notes

Fall 2012
ITEC 450
MODULE 2
DATABASE INSTALLATION AND
CONFIGURATION
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Section 5 Database Connectivity
MULTI-TIER CLIENT/SERVER
ARCHITECTURE
Fall 2012
ITEC 450
Thinnest
clients
Business rules on
separate server
DBMS only on
DB server
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FUNCTIONS OF TIERS
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DATABASE CONNECTIVITY API
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The database connectivity application programming
interface (API) performs three functions:
Establish a connection with a database or access any
tabular data source
 Send SQL statements
 Process the results
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There are many standards of API’s. For DBMSindependent usage, the most common ones are ODBC
and JDBC.
ODBC goal is to make it possible to access any data
(relational or non-relational) from any application,
regardless of which DBMS is handling the data.
 JDBC is for between the Java programming language and
a wide range of database.
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OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC )
ARCHITECTURE
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Client does not need to know
anything about the DBMS
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Application Program
Interface (API)
provides common
interface to all DBMSs
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Each DBMS has its own ODBC-compliant driver
ODBC ROLE
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JAVA DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (JDBC)
ARCHITECTURE
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JDBC API contains two major
sets of interfaces

First, the JDBC API for
application writes
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Second, the lower-level JDBC
driver API for driver writers
JDBC technology drivers fit
into one of four categories
1.
JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC
drivers
2.
A native API partly Java
technology-enabled driver:
converts JDBC into DBMSspecific client API
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JAVA DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (JDBC)
ARCHITECTURE (CONTINUE)
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Four categories
(continue)
4.
Direct-to-Database pure Java
Driver: converts JDBC into
DBMS-specific network
protocol, allowing a direct call
from the client machine to the
DBMS server
Pure Java Driver for
Database Middleware:
translates JDBC into a DBMS
protocol by a middleware
server, which is then
translated to a DBMS protocol
by a middleware server. The
middleware provides
connectivity to many different
databases.
ITEC 450
3.
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Fall 2012
ITEC 450
MODULE 2
DATABASE INSTALLATION AND
CONFIGURATION
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Section 6 Oracle 11g Connectivity and Network
ORACLE NET SERVICES
2.
3.
4.
5.
ITEC 450
1.
Fall 2012
Oracle Net Service is a suite of networking
components that provide enterprise-wide
connectivity solutions in distributed,
heterogeneous computing environments.
Oracle Net
Oracle Net Listener
Oracle Connection Manager
Networking Tools
Oracle Advanced Security
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C1: ORACLE NET

ITEC 450

Oracle Net enables a network session from a client
application to an Oracle database server.
Once a network session is established, Oracle Net acts as
the data courier for both the client application and the
database server.
Network protocols: TCP/IP, TCP/IP with SSL, Named Pipes
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
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Start Net Manager in Windows
 Expand the Local node
 Expand the Service Naming node
 Highlight Service Naming, and click the big green
plus sign

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Steps:
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
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Fall 2012
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Fall 2012
ITEC 450
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Steps (continued):
ITEC 450
For the connection, select TCP/IP (Internet Protocol)
as the protocol
 Type the computer name on which the database
resides in the Host Name box
 Accept the default selection of Oracle8i or later
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
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Fall 2012
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Fall 2012
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Steps (continued):



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
Click Test
Click Close to close the test window
Click Finish to complete the definition
Save the configuration
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
By selecting File/Save Network Configuration from the
menu
Close Net Manager
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
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STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE
NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER
Fall 2012
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C2: ORACLE NET LISTENER

It is the operation unique to the Oracle database server.
Once a connection is established, the client and Oracle
database server communicate directly with one another.
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
Oracle Net listener, commonly known as the listener, brokers
a client request, handing off the request to the server.
Fall 2012

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TNS CONFIGURATION FILES
The listener.ora file

ITEC 450
Stored on the database server
 Provides configuration for how the listener process
listens over the network, for connection requests
 Stored in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
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
The tnsnames.ora file
Placed onto the client machine
 Allows communication between client machine and
listener on the database sever
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WORKING WITH THE LISTENER
ITEC 450

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Listener listens for requests made by user
connections
 Process then allocates a server process
 Start or stop the listener

Windows
Go to the Services window
 Use the listener control utility (lsnrctl)


Listener features include:
Change queue size
 Set listener logging and tracing
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C2: LISTENER CONFIGURATION
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ITEC 450
The default listener configuration file is called
“listener.ora”, and it is located in the
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory.
 The file contains a protocol address that
identifies the database.

Example file of “listener.ora”
LISTENER= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=salesserver)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc))))
SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC=
(SID_NAME=plsextproc)
(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle10g)
(PROGRAM=extproc)))
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C2: LISTENER MANAGEMENT

Stop the listener

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ITEC 450
C:> lsnrctl status
 Current status, availability, alias, version, Oracle
home, Net address, configuration file location, start
time, host
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Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or
Command Line (lsnrctl)
 View information

C:> lsnrctl stop
Start the listener
C:> lsnrctl start
 It is set to start automatically whenever your server
computer is restarted
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C2: CONNECT DESCRIPTOR
ITEC 450
Connect Descriptor
 Protocol
 Database service
name
Naming Methods to a
Connect Descriptor
 “tnsnames.ora”
 LDAP
 External
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Connection Requests
 User name
 Password
 Connect identifier
Database Service
 Listener
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C2: NAMING METHODS
Fall 2012
ITEC 450
A naming method is a resolution method used by
a client application to resolve a connect
identifier to a connect descriptor when
attempting to connect to a database service.
 Oracle Net provides support for following naming
methods:

Local naming – local file “tnsnames.ora”
 Directory naming – LDAP-compliant directory server
 Easy connect naming – TCP/IP connect string
 External naming – third-party naming service such
as Network Information Service (NIS)
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C2: LOCAL NAMING
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ITEC 450
Local Naming is most appropriate for simple
distributed networks with a small number of
services that change infrequently. It resolves a
“net service name” stored in a “tnsnames.ora”
file.
 The default “tnsnames.ora” file is located in the
$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory.
 When you create a database using DBCA, local
naming is configured automatically.

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C3: ORACLE CONNECTION MANAGER
ITEC 450

Oracle connection manager is a router through which a
client connection request may be sent either to its next hop
or directly to the database server.
It is a software component that resides on its own
computer, separate from a client or an Oracle database
server.
Fall 2012
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C4: NETWORKING TOOLS
ITEC 450
Configures listeners and Naming Methods
 To start Oracle Net Configuration Assistant:
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Fall 2012
Oracle Net Services provides user interface tools to
easily configure, manage, and monitor the network.
 Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
On Windows, choose Start > Programs > Oracle HOME_NAME > Configuration and Migration Tools > Net
Configuration Assistant
 On UNIX, run netca from $ORACLE_HOME/bin.

Oracle Enterprise Manager
 Oracle Net Manager

Enables you to configure Oracle Net Services for an
Oracle home on a local client or server host.
 Can fine-tune the listener and naming method

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Fall 2012
ITEC 450
MODULE 2
DATABASE INSTALLATION AND
CONFIGURATION
33
Section 6a Oracle Transaction
ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
Fall 2012
ITEC 450
UPDATE table
SET user =
‘SHIPERT’
WHERE id = 12345
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
Fall 2012
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
Fall 2012
ITEC 450
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
Fall 2012
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
Fall 2012
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
Fall 2012
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
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1 row
Updated
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
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ITEC 450
Commit
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
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ITEC 450
Commit
Successful
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ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE:
UPDATE
Fall 2012
ITEC 450
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