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Fall 2012 ITEC 450 MODULE 2 DATABASE INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION 1 Section 5 Database Connectivity MULTI-TIER CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 Thinnest clients Business rules on separate server DBMS only on DB server 2 FUNCTIONS OF TIERS Fall 2012 ITEC 450 3 DATABASE CONNECTIVITY API Fall 2012 The database connectivity application programming interface (API) performs three functions: Establish a connection with a database or access any tabular data source Send SQL statements Process the results ITEC 450 There are many standards of API’s. For DBMSindependent usage, the most common ones are ODBC and JDBC. ODBC goal is to make it possible to access any data (relational or non-relational) from any application, regardless of which DBMS is handling the data. JDBC is for between the Java programming language and a wide range of database. 4 OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC ) ARCHITECTURE Fall 2012 Client does not need to know anything about the DBMS ITEC 450 Application Program Interface (API) provides common interface to all DBMSs 5 Each DBMS has its own ODBC-compliant driver ODBC ROLE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 6 JAVA DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (JDBC) ARCHITECTURE Fall 2012 JDBC API contains two major sets of interfaces First, the JDBC API for application writes ITEC 450 Second, the lower-level JDBC driver API for driver writers JDBC technology drivers fit into one of four categories 1. JDBC-ODBC bridge plus ODBC drivers 2. A native API partly Java technology-enabled driver: converts JDBC into DBMSspecific client API 7 JAVA DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (JDBC) ARCHITECTURE (CONTINUE) Fall 2012 Four categories (continue) 4. Direct-to-Database pure Java Driver: converts JDBC into DBMS-specific network protocol, allowing a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server Pure Java Driver for Database Middleware: translates JDBC into a DBMS protocol by a middleware server, which is then translated to a DBMS protocol by a middleware server. The middleware provides connectivity to many different databases. ITEC 450 3. 8 Fall 2012 ITEC 450 MODULE 2 DATABASE INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION 9 Section 6 Oracle 11g Connectivity and Network ORACLE NET SERVICES 2. 3. 4. 5. ITEC 450 1. Fall 2012 Oracle Net Service is a suite of networking components that provide enterprise-wide connectivity solutions in distributed, heterogeneous computing environments. Oracle Net Oracle Net Listener Oracle Connection Manager Networking Tools Oracle Advanced Security 10 C1: ORACLE NET ITEC 450 Oracle Net enables a network session from a client application to an Oracle database server. Once a network session is established, Oracle Net acts as the data courier for both the client application and the database server. Network protocols: TCP/IP, TCP/IP with SSL, Named Pipes Fall 2012 11 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Start Net Manager in Windows Expand the Local node Expand the Service Naming node Highlight Service Naming, and click the big green plus sign ITEC 450 Steps: Fall 2012 12 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 13 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 14 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 15 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Steps (continued): ITEC 450 For the connection, select TCP/IP (Internet Protocol) as the protocol Type the computer name on which the database resides in the Host Name box Accept the default selection of Oracle8i or later Fall 2012 16 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 17 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 18 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 19 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Steps (continued): ITEC 450 Click Test Click Close to close the test window Click Finish to complete the definition Save the configuration Fall 2012 By selecting File/Save Network Configuration from the menu Close Net Manager 20 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 21 STEP-BY-STEP CONFIGURATION OF ORACLE NET SERVICES USING NET MANAGER Fall 2012 ITEC 450 22 C2: ORACLE NET LISTENER It is the operation unique to the Oracle database server. Once a connection is established, the client and Oracle database server communicate directly with one another. ITEC 450 Oracle Net listener, commonly known as the listener, brokers a client request, handing off the request to the server. Fall 2012 23 TNS CONFIGURATION FILES The listener.ora file ITEC 450 Stored on the database server Provides configuration for how the listener process listens over the network, for connection requests Stored in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin Fall 2012 The tnsnames.ora file Placed onto the client machine Allows communication between client machine and listener on the database sever 24 WORKING WITH THE LISTENER ITEC 450 Fall 2012 Listener listens for requests made by user connections Process then allocates a server process Start or stop the listener Windows Go to the Services window Use the listener control utility (lsnrctl) Listener features include: Change queue size Set listener logging and tracing 25 C2: LISTENER CONFIGURATION Fall 2012 ITEC 450 The default listener configuration file is called “listener.ora”, and it is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory. The file contains a protocol address that identifies the database. Example file of “listener.ora” LISTENER= (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=salesserver)(PORT=1521)) (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=extproc)))) SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (SID_NAME=plsextproc) (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle10g) (PROGRAM=extproc))) 26 C2: LISTENER MANAGEMENT Stop the listener ITEC 450 C:> lsnrctl status Current status, availability, alias, version, Oracle home, Net address, configuration file location, start time, host Fall 2012 Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or Command Line (lsnrctl) View information C:> lsnrctl stop Start the listener C:> lsnrctl start It is set to start automatically whenever your server computer is restarted 27 C2: CONNECT DESCRIPTOR ITEC 450 Connect Descriptor Protocol Database service name Naming Methods to a Connect Descriptor “tnsnames.ora” LDAP External Fall 2012 Connection Requests User name Password Connect identifier Database Service Listener 28 C2: NAMING METHODS Fall 2012 ITEC 450 A naming method is a resolution method used by a client application to resolve a connect identifier to a connect descriptor when attempting to connect to a database service. Oracle Net provides support for following naming methods: Local naming – local file “tnsnames.ora” Directory naming – LDAP-compliant directory server Easy connect naming – TCP/IP connect string External naming – third-party naming service such as Network Information Service (NIS) 29 C2: LOCAL NAMING Fall 2012 ITEC 450 Local Naming is most appropriate for simple distributed networks with a small number of services that change infrequently. It resolves a “net service name” stored in a “tnsnames.ora” file. The default “tnsnames.ora” file is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory. When you create a database using DBCA, local naming is configured automatically. 30 C3: ORACLE CONNECTION MANAGER ITEC 450 Oracle connection manager is a router through which a client connection request may be sent either to its next hop or directly to the database server. It is a software component that resides on its own computer, separate from a client or an Oracle database server. Fall 2012 31 C4: NETWORKING TOOLS ITEC 450 Configures listeners and Naming Methods To start Oracle Net Configuration Assistant: Fall 2012 Oracle Net Services provides user interface tools to easily configure, manage, and monitor the network. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant On Windows, choose Start > Programs > Oracle HOME_NAME > Configuration and Migration Tools > Net Configuration Assistant On UNIX, run netca from $ORACLE_HOME/bin. Oracle Enterprise Manager Oracle Net Manager Enables you to configure Oracle Net Services for an Oracle home on a local client or server host. Can fine-tune the listener and naming method 32 Fall 2012 ITEC 450 MODULE 2 DATABASE INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION 33 Section 6a Oracle Transaction ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 UPDATE table SET user = ‘SHIPERT’ WHERE id = 12345 34 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 35 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 36 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 37 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 38 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 39 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 1 row Updated 40 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 Commit 41 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 Commit Successful 42 ORACLE TRANSACTION EXAMPLE: UPDATE Fall 2012 ITEC 450 43