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X-ray CT, CAD. CAM For Bioengineering Jalal Jalal Shokouhi –MD , ISR, Shahid beheshti med. Uni. , Defense ministry Alireza Darvish-PhD. Mazandaran Uni. , Defense ministry Ali Akbar Khadem - MS. Sapco Iran khodro Mohammad hossein Herischi-MD Orthopedic research center, Baku, Republic Azerbayjan Ali Akbar Ameri-MD ISR, Shahid beheshti med. Uni. Shiva Jalal Shokouhi - BS IT research center,Sharif Uni. [email protected] • • • • • Jaam e jam med imaging center, Non-Medical use of X-ray and animal research radiology, Anatomic research center, Tehran, Iran Badr system ,Tehran, Iran and Dubai, UAE. Sapco (Iran khodro), Tehran,Iran Orthopedic research center, Baku,Republic Azerbayjan Educational industry , Tehran, Iran Disciplines for Anatomy & Engineering: 1. X-ray: conventional analog X-ray X-ray CT (conventional, Spiral, Multi slice, 2D, 3D & CTA) Digital X-ray (CR, DR, Flat panel) 2. Ultra sound (B Scan, 2D, 3D, 4D, Doppler & flow studies) 3. MRI, MRA, 3D imaging 4. RN Scan, SPECT, PET (Combined with CT & MRI) Advantages: 1. Exact dimensions (Scale) 2. Parallel with anatomic images from dissected body and paintings 3. DICOM compatibility (PACS and teleradiology) Bioengineering or Biomedical Engineering 1. Engineering expertise 2. Biology (biological problems) 3. Medicine (medical needs) All improves human health and instruments and device design Most Important Advances 1. Artificial joints (CAD CAM by SLA machine) 2. MRI 3. Heart pacemakers 4. Arthroscopy (virtual by imaging) 5. Angioplasty 6. Bioengineered skin 7. Kidney dialysis 8. Heart lung machine A bioengineer knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Electrical, Electronics Informatics Mechanical Mathematical Chemical and Physical Medical Humanities and social siences Etc. What is Bioengineering? Any Area of Biology Mixed with Any Area of Engineering In Any Proportion Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September Example: Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Electrical Engineers: electromagnetics – Computer Engineers/Scientists: computation – Physiologists: biological function – Chemists: new imaging agents – Psychologists: mental function – Physicians: medical implications Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September More Bioengineering Examples Artificial Skin – Materials Scientist: artificial polymers – Cell Biologist: tissue reaction EKG Machine – Engineers: electronics – CS: automated diagnosis – Physician: medical design Pharmaceutical Production – Molecular Biologist: receptor / ligand identification – Genetic Engineer: induce bacteria to produce molecules – Chemical Engineer: scaleup of production Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology • Materials Science: Implants (e.g. artificial hip) • Electrical Engineering: Cardiac Signals • Computer Science: computer data bases, programs, bioinformatics • Computer Engineering: computer design for CAT scanners • Physics: basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September Examples of Engineers in Medicine and Biology • • • • • Chemical Engineering: Pharmaceuticals Mechanical Engineering: Rehabilitation Devices Nuclear Engineering: Radiology Civil Engineering: Environmental problems Agricultural Engineering: Food Processing Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September Areas Emerging in “Engineering of Biology” – Bioinformatics (Genetic / Proteomic Data Base, Design, Inquiry) – BioMolecular Modeling – Genetic Engineering of Animals – Genetic Engineering of Proteins, Drugs – Cell and Tissue Engineering – Neural Engineering – Biomaterials Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September More Programs Related to Bioengineering • Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering Department and Degree Program • Biomaterials concentration in Materials Science and Engineering • Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and Degree Program Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September What Do I Need to Study to be a Bioengineer? • Short Answer #1: Everything • Short Answer #2: Depends -- on what interests you most Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September What Do I Need to Study? • Mathematics – Calculus through Differential Equations • Physics (calculus based) – Mechanics, Electromagnetics, Modern Physics • Chemistry – Through Organic and Biochemistry • Biology – Strong in Molecular Biology, but also Cellular and Systems Physiology Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September What Do I Need to Study? Traditional Approaches #1 and #2 • Choose one major and one minor from traditional disciplines: – 1. Engineering Side: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical, Chemical, Materials, Nuclear, Computer Science … – 2. Life Science Side: Molecular and Cellular Biology, Physiology, Cell Biology, Microbiology … • Anticipate possible need for one more year to double major to achieve career objectives Bruce C. Wheeler, Bioengineering for Current UIUC Undergrads, September What is Bioengineering? l Bioengineering applies engineering methods and techniques to problems in biology and medicine. Biology Tissue Engineering Neural Implants DNA Expression Arrays www.advancedtissue.com Medicine Engineering Pumps Pacemakers Prosthetics www.guidant.com Future of Bioengineering • • • • Open-Source Biology Human Genome Sequence Heart Cell Regeneration Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Our Ability Inside Country 1. Polymer micro-drops with UV lights for bone anatomy and prosthesis 2. Fluid – resin micro-drops with UV laser for soft tissue (silicon) 3. 3D print using micro-seeds or sand print over print in high temperature Thank you for your attention