Download Classifying Matter and the Periodic Table

0013 Energy Concepts:
1. compare characteristics of different forms of energy (e.g.,
heat, light, kinetic, potential)
3. recognize the relationship between potential and kinetic
energy
Potential
Kinetic
• energy of position or
energy in storage.
• energy of motion,
the form capable of
doing work
– Water behind a dam
– Hammer over head
– Food on the plate
– Flowing water
– A falling hammer
– Electrons regenerating
ATP in a bio’l cell
PE = mgh
• m = mass (kg)
• h = height (m)
• g = accel due
to gravity
– (9.8 m/s2)
KE = ½ m v2
• 4 kg bowling ball
• at 10 m/s
• = ½ (4kg)
(10m/s)2
• = 200 J
•
•
•
•
.25 kg baseball
at 50 m/s
= ½ (.25kg) (50 m/s)2
= 312 J
7 fundamental forms of energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
mechanical energy
heat energy
sound energy
light energy
magnetic and electrical energy
nuclear energy
chemical energy
0013 Energy Concepts: 2. apply law of conservation of
energy to analysis of physical and chemical changes
I Conservation of Energy:
In an isolated system, the total amount of
energy, including heat, is conserved.
II Entropy or disorder
Energy always goes from a more useful to
a less useful form.
Energy
Transformation
The tendency toward disorder or
entropy
0013 Energy Concepts: 4. demonstrate knowledge
of energy transformations and the processes by which
energy is transferred (i.e., conduction, radiation, convection)
Heat Transfer
conduction
• The movement
of heat by
collision of
vibrating atoms
convection
• Transfer of
heat by the
physical
motion of fluid.
• (Dense cooler
fluids descend and
displace warmer
rising fluids)
radiation
Movement of heat by
electromagnetic
energy.
(The only mechanism
that does not require
atoms to facilitate the
transfer.)
0013 Energy Concepts: 5. interpret diagrams that
illustrate changes in the physical states of matter (e.g., phase
diagrams)
0013 Energy Concepts: 6. apply knowledge of the
kinetic molecular model to the analysis of properties and
behavior of matter as solids, liquids, gases and plasmas