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STANDARD WHI.3d The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Indus River Valley, and China and the civilizations of the Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Kush, by d) describing the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Judaism. Origins of Judaism Jews trace their ancestry to the biblical patriarch Abraham who rejected idolatry (polytheism) and embraced monotheism. As a reward for this act of faith in one God, he was promised many offspring. He is hailed as the first Hebrew and the father of the Jewish people. Origins of Judaism (continued) According to the Hebrew Bible, God commanded that Abraham move from Mesopotamia to Canaan with his family and servants around 1800 BCE. Origins of Judaism (continued) Around 1600 BCE, as a result of famine, many Israelites migrated to Egypt. After a few hundred years of living freely in Egypt, they were eventually held in slavery until the 13th century BCE when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt and established a covenant with God around 1280 BCE, starting the religious tradition of Judaism. Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt Origins of Judaism (continued) After the Exodus from Egypt, the Jews came back to Canaan around 1200 BCE, and settled the land. A kingdom was established under Saul and continued under King David and Solomon with its capital in Jerusalem (“City of Peace”). Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Judaism Belief in one God (monotheism) Torah, which contains written records and beliefs of Hebrews Ten Commandments, which state moral and religious conduct Spread of Judaism Exile or Exodus Diaspora - refers to the population of Jews exiled from Judea in 586 BC by the Babylonians, and from Jerusalem in AD 136 by the Roman Empire.