Download 2010 STUDY GUIDE

2010 STUDY GUIDE
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. What happened about 6,000 years ago that makes it easier for us to know about early peoples?
a. The wheel was invented.
c. Humans discovered fire.
b. Humans learned how to speak.
d. People invented writing.
2. What type of artifacts have archaeologists found to help them learn about early peoples?
a. branches of a tree
c. tools, pottery, weapons
b. remains of living things
d. parts of bones
3. Which part of an animal is more likely to become a fossil?
a. hair
c. heart
b. muscle
d. tooth
4. What did scientists laern as a result of the Leakeys’ discovery in Olduvai Gorge?
a. Modern humans first appeared 25,000 years ago.
b. Early humans probably ate mostly plant food.
c. The search for human origins began in Africa.
d. Humans used tools more than one million years ago.
5. What did the discovery of Lucy, who lived 3.2 million years ago, tell scientists?
a. Humans walked on two legs.
b. Female humans were larger than males.
c. Humans knew how to use fire.
d. Lions attacked and killed humans.
6. For what might a Stone Age person probably have used a stone object?
a. to cut meat
c. to sew
b. to hunt
d. to start a fire
7. Which discovery made humans feel more secure at night?
a. shoes
c. wheel
b. fire
d. paint
____
8. Which activity was probably an important task carried out by men among early peoples?
a. gathering nuts
c. hunting animals
b. sewing clothing
d. picking herbs
____ 9. Neanderthals were the first people to
a. use fire.
c. grow wheat.
b. worship gods.
d. bury their dead.
____ 10. What advantage did Homo Sapiens have over Neanderthals when both lived on Earth?
a. They used complex language.
c. They had a heavy covering of hair.
b. They could make and use tools.
d. They knew how to swim.
____ 11. Which route did humans most likely first use about 12,500 years ago?
a. Africa to Europe
c. Asia to Australia
b. North America to South America
d. Europe to North America
____ 12. What happened 70,000 years ago that affected life on Earth?
a. A meteor struck Africa.
b. The last great Ice Age began.
c. A plague killed off most large animals.
d. The Australian continent drifted into Africa.
____ 13. What did archaeologists find that Ice-Age hunters had created in caves in what is now Spain and France?
a. paintings
c. books
b. metal tools
d. burial mounds
____ 14. What kind of statue would early humans most likely have made to bring good luck to someone about to give
birth?
a. a leaping wolf
c. a pregnant woman
b. a mighty warrior
d. a running man
____ 15. Why were humans successful during the era of climate change?
a. They had good weapons.
c. They adapted to change.
b. They became better gatherers.
d. They discovered fire.
____ 16. What did the domestication of plants and animals bring about?
a. the beginning of religion
c. warfare over land
b. the birth of farming
d. scarce food supplies
____ 17. Where did the first center of agriculture develop?
a. Europe
c. the Middle East
b. North America
d. southern Africa
____ 18. What do historians call the shift from hunting to farming?
a. Agricultural Revolution
c. Global Warming
b. Domestic Revolution
d. Surplus Specialization
____ 19. Surplus food enabled some people to do which of the following?
a. find work as farmers
c. have specialized jobs
b. build new shelters
d. lose their farms
____ 20. As villages and cities developed, whawt became an important source of wealth?
a. trade
c. river travel
b. manufacturing
d. gardening
____ 21. What do historians cosider Uruk to be?
a. the first fishing village
c. the first farming village
b. the final hunter-gatherer site
d. the world’s first city
____ 22. Which of the following is true about Uruk?
a. Uruk traders traveled widely.
c. Many tribes conquered Uruk.
b. There were no farmers near Uruk.
d. Uruk was a poor city.
____ 23. Cities, a well-organized government, and specialized workers are characteristics of which of these?
a. village
c. society
b. civilization
d. tribe
insert art
____ 24.
Which of the seven features of a civilization does “ranks or levels” refer to?
a. job specialization
c. culture
b. writing
d. social classes
____ 25. Which feature of a civilization was NOT shared by Maya civilization?
a. social classes
c. cities
b. culture
d. government
____ 26. In Maya society, the task of knowing the exact day when festivals and ceremonies took place belonged to
which group?
a. farmers
c. traders
b. women
d. priests
____ 27. The Maya were known for their system of writing, discoveries in science, and which other contribution?
a. sturdy sailing ships
c. development in cooking
b. art and architecture
d. transportation methods
____ 28. Which of the following was one of the greatest advances in mathematics discovered by Maya?
a. algebra
c. the base 10 numeral system
b. geometry
d. the concept of zero
____ 29. Which sentence does not refer to a benefit of the Fertile Crescent in the ancient plain called Mesopotamia?
a. The Tigris and Euphrates carried silt down from the mountains.
b. Flood waters washed away the fertile soil.
c. The Sumerians developed farming methods.
d. Farmers lived on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
____ 30. Which sentence does not refer to the challenges of farming in Mesopotamia?
a. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers carried fertile soil down from the mountains.
b. Flood wtaers washed away the fertile soil and made farming difficult.
c. Many times, flood waters destroyed whole villages.
d. Most of the region beyond the rivers was a desert where nothing could grow.
____ 31. Which of the following describes the benefit of irrigation canals used by Sumerian farmers?
a. loosen soil and allow roots to grow
b. dig holes in the ground to plant seeds
c. hitch oxen to the plow to furrow
d. plant crops away from the floodplains
____ 32. The innovation of the furrow was made more useful by
a. hitching oxen to the plow.
c. digging miles of canals.
b. poking holes in the ground.
d. dropping seeds into furrows.
____ 33. Which of the following best explains the cause of Sumer’s food surpluses?
a. improved technology in farming
c. the abundanec of fertile soil
b. the rise of the city-state
d. separate social classes
____ 34. What idea was the result of priests allowing military leaders to govern city-states?
a. weak city-states
c. rise of kings
b. too many priests
d. too few scribes
____ 35. How did the introduction of the sail and the wheel help Sumerians?
a. Trade could be done by barter.
b. Sumerian city-states could create food surpluses.
c. Sumerians had frequent flooding.
d. Widespread trade became possible for Sumerians.
____ 36. Which group made up the lowest class order in the Sumerian city-state class system?
a. priests
c. farmers
b. slaves
d. merchants
____ 37. What was the exception to the Sumerian beliefs about their gods?
a. Gods lived forever.
c. Gods ate and drank.
b. Gods got married.
d. Gods slept.
____ 38. The large, multi-level structures were known as which of the following?
a. pyramids
c. ziggurats
b. storehouses
d. temples
____ 39. The ancient written language of cuneiform comes from which culture?
a. Egypt
c. China
b. Maya
d. Sumer
____ 40. Which does NOT belong with steps to invent a written language?
a. thinking about how to break up a spoken language into words and sounds
b. finding a way to represent spoken words with symbols
c. developing a way to record these symbols
d. teaching others to read and write the symbols
____ 41. In which region was the first alphabet developed?
a. Egypt
c. China
b. Sumer
d. Greece
____ 42. Many armies chose not to occupy a defeated city because of which of the following?
a. They would be unable to loot the city.
b. They could control the city without occupation.
c. They might be unable to defend their own city.
d. They were happy to win the battle.
____ 43. From which culture did Hammurabi come?
a. Akkadian
c. Amorite
b. Sumerian
d. Egyptian
____ 44. What causes the Nile River to flood each year?
a. strong desert winds that erode its banks
b. spring rains and melting snow that fill the river
c. low geographic elevation of Lower Egypt
d. inflowing waters of the Mediterranean Sea
____ 45. What is one difference between Egypt’s Black Land and Red Land?
a. The Black Land was the home of the gods.
b. The Red Land supported farming.
c. The Nile River flowed through the Red Land.
d. The Black Land supported farming.
____ 46. One of the most important responsibilities for a pharaoh was the ritual to
a. make sure the Nile River flooded every year.
b. make sure that the people worshiped the gods.
c. keep the government close to the lives of the people.
d. be part of festivals that celebrated the harvest.
____ 47. One of the records Ramses II left about himself as a great leader
a. is the Abu Simbel temple he built in his honor.
b. are the words that scolded his troops at Qadesh.
c. are the statues of himself in front of Abu Simbel.
d. are the writings left behind in his tomb.
____ 48. Nubians paid tribute to the Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III by bringing gold, cattle, slaves, and ivory from
Nubia because they
a. became soldiers in the Egyptian army.
b. spoke the Egyptian language.
c. became a conquered people of Egypt.
d. adopted aspects of Egyptian culture.
____ 49. Which country do you suppose the Egyptians traded with most often?
a. Nubia
c. Mesopotamia
b. Syria
d. Greece
____ 50. Because of its iron ore deposits, Nubians moved their capital to which city?
a. Thebes
c. Memphis
b. Napata
d. Meroë
____ 51. The Egyptians and the Sumerians shared which belief?
____ 52.
____ 53.
____ 54.
____ 55.
____ 56.
____ 57.
____ 58.
____ 59.
____ 60.
____ 61.
____ 62.
a. worship only one vengeful god
c. a dislike for religious temples
b. polytheism
d. worship only kind gods
How did the Egyptian belief in gods and goddesses support Egypt’s social and political order?
a. Only revengeful gods would destory the disobedient.
b. Gods controlled every aspect of their daily lives.
c. Only kind and loving gods looked after the obedient.
d. Gods would forgive the disobedient in the afterlife.
Why did Egyptians believe living a good life was better than living a sinful life?
a. Those that lived a sinful life would have Ka and Ba united in the afterlife.
b. Those that lived good lives would have their bodies made into mummies.
c. Those that lived sinful lives would have their bodies buried in the desert sand.
d. Those that lived good lives would life forever in the afterlife.
Which of the following would you find in a pyramid?
a. item that a ruler might need in the afterlife
b. instructions on how the pyramid was built
c. the design for building the Great Sphinx
d. maps to navigate through the pyramid’s chambers
What do wall paintings tell about Egyptians?
a. what decorations they liked
b. what colors of paint they had
c. how they viewed anatomy
d. how they worked and played
Papyrus is important to history because it
a. made Egyptians rich through trade with Kush.
b. was the first paper used to record written records.
c. was an important scientific breakthrough.
d. is made of the papyrus plant.
What was one of the main differences between beliefs of the Egyptians and Hebrews?
a. Hebrews worshiped many gods.
c. Egyptians were monotheistic.
b. Egyptians worshiped one God.
d. Hebrews were monotheistic.
Why do the Jewish people believe that they belong on the Promised Land?
a. It is rich farmland and they have been growing crops there for many centuries.
b. It was promised to them in God’s covenant with Abraham.
c. Moses received the Ten Commandants on this land.
d. The first temple to a monotheistic God was built there.
During the Exodus who led the Hebrews to freedom from slavery in Egypt?
a. Deborah
c. pharaoh
b. Abraham
d. Moses
What did Hebrews learn during the forty years that they lived in the desert?
a. to ask Egyptians for help when food was scarce
b. to change leaders after each war
c. to prepare for migration to the Promised Land
d. to defend themselves against Egyptian invasion
What is true about the Hebrew Bible?
a. It is the same as the Christian Bible.
b. It was written during the Exodus.
c. It consists of the Torah, the prophets, and the Talmud.
d. It was taken from Egyptian writings.
Why is the Torah important to Jewish people?
____ 63.
____ 64.
____ 65.
____ 66.
____ 67.
____ 68.
____ 69.
____ 70.
a. The Torah contains the laws and history of the Jewish people.
b. It offers an interpretation of God’s words to Moses.
c. It is a collection of lectures of important rabbis in early Judaism.
d. The Torah discusses how Jews should relate to each of their important leaders.
Which of the following statements is true about Jewish scriptures?
a. The Torah must be studied only by rabbis.
b. The Talmud is the most important Jewish book.
c. The Torah is only a collection of prophecies.
d. The Hebrew Bible unites Jews all over the world.
Which statement describes a basic law of Judaism?
a. read the Talmud five times a day
c. obey Judaism’s many rulers
b. pray facing the city of Jerusalem
d. respect God’s law
Which of these statements does NOT show the basic beliefs of Judaism?
a. respect others
b. destroy the scriptures
c. respect God
d. honor the Ten Commandments
What was one thing Solomon was known for?
a. having great wisdom
c. being a great warrior
b. freeing the Jews from captivity
d. receiving the Ten Commandments
This Israelite King is thought to be the author of many Psalms that are still used today. Who is this?
a. David
c. Saul
b. Ruth
d. Moses
During the second Babylonian exile, Nebuchadnezzar conquered which kingdom?
a. Jerusalem
c. Judah
b. Assyria
d. Babylon
Under Cyrus the Great, many Jews traveled home from Babylon and other cities to build the second temple in
which city?
a. Gaza
c. Susa
b. Babylon
d. Jerusalem
Why was the synagogue so important to the Jews during the Diaspora?
a. Even in foreign lands, Jews could practice their faith.
b. It gave them a way to travel to their homeland.
c. They could buy and sell goods there.
d. It kept the Torah from being lost to history.
____ 71. What geographic feature separates India on the north from the rest of Asia?
a. deserts
c. jungles
b. rivers
d. mountains
____ 72. Which body of water flows into the Arabian Sea?
a. the Ganges River
c. the Indus River
b. the Bay of Bengal
d. the Red Sea
____ 73. Monsoons bring rain to India during which season?
a. spring
c. autumn
b. summer
d. winter
____ 74. Where did the first civilization begin on the Indian subcontinent?
a. in the Himalayan Mountains
c. near the Ganges River
b. along the Indus River
d. on the coast of the Indian Ocean
____ 75. Which statement best describes cities built by the Indus Valley people?
a. choked with litter and sewage
c. known for sturdy wooden houses
b. large and well-organized
d. often destroyed by floods
____ 76. With which region did the Indus Valley civilization trade?
a. China
c. Mesopotamia
b. the Americas
d. Europe
____ 77. Why was trade in the Indus Valley regulated by a standard system of weights and measures?
a. so traders could put seals on stones
b. in order to keep track of imports
c. so traders would not cheat one another
d. in order to trade large items
____ 78. How was the Indus Valley civilization similar to the civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia?
a. It developed in major river valley.
c. It grew rice as its main crop.
b. Its cities were destroyed by floods.
d. It depended on fishing for food.
____ 79. Who or what is Sanskrit?
a. chief god of the Indo-Aryans
b. warrior who led the Indo-Aryans to India
c. language of the Indo-Aryans
d. name of the ancient homeland of the Indo-Aryans
____ 80. What is the Rig Veda?
a. a group of poems that tell about the Indo-Aryan people
b. a people who raised livestock and entered India long ago
c. the country from which the Indo-Aryan people came
d. an entertainment that included music, dance, and races
____ 81. To which caste would a merchant belong?
a. Brahmin
c. Vaishya
b. Kshatriya
d. Sudra
____ 82. Which group of people might the Indo-Aryans be related to?
a. warriors from a country called Arya
b. the people who first settled Europe
c. Hebrew tribes from the Middle East
d. the early Maya civilization
____ 83. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the caste system?
a. The caste system brought stability to Aryan society.
b. The caste system rules were rigid.
c. Important skills were passed down through caste members.
d. People could follow their beliefs within a caste.
____ 84. The roots of Hinduism can be traced to which Vedic age religion?
a. Buddhism
c. Brahmanism
b. Islam
d. Christianity
____ 85. What was one belief of Brahmanism?
a. All people are created equal.
b. Everyone should perform daily rituals.
c. Incorrect rituals would anger the gods.
d. The gods did not want sacrifices.
____ 86. Which was one of the beliefs the Upanishads introduced?
a. Only priests can perform rituals.
c. There are many gods to worship.
b. There is one supreme God.
d. Only priests have souls.
____ 87. Which of the following has 100,000 stanzas and may be the world’s longest poem?
a. The Mahabharata
c. The Bhagavad-Gita
b. “The Song of the Lord”
d. The Ramayana
____ 88. Which of the following is NOT one of the four Hindu goals of life?
a. karma
c. pleasure
b. dharma
d. moksha
____ 89. In the Bhagavad-Gita, what does Krishna compare to reincarnation?
a. driving a chariot
c. perfect happiness
b. eternal youth
d. putting on new clothes
____ 90. What do Hindus believe happens to most people’s souls after death?
a. They disappear forever.
c. They love forever with the gods.
b. They are reborn in a new body.
d. They become gods.
____ 91. What do the goal of dharma, or living an ethical moral life, mean?
a. caring little about pleasure or success
b. studying to become a priest
c. perforing rituals perfectly
d. fulfilling your proper duties
____ 92. Which of the following is NOT one of the Hindu ways to become one with God?
a. success
c. works
b. knowledge
d. devotion
____ 93. Most Hindu sects developed out of a desire to do which of the following?
a. preferring the religion of another country
b. wanting to worship a particular god
c. wanting to worship only one god.
d. wanting to live a life of pleasure
____ 94. Flexibility and which other factor helped Hinduism spread?
a. increased territory through wars
b. India’s isolation
c. migration from India to other lands
d. nations that use the Sanskrit language
____ 95. Which countries have a population of more than seven million Hindus?
a. India, Malaysia, Indonesia
c. India, Bangladesh, United States
b. India, Nepal, Bangladesh
d. Indiak Myanmar, Nepal
____ 96. Why do most Hindus live in or near India?
a. In ancient times, most Hindus lived in India.
b. Hindus lived in the United States and moved to India and otherby nearby countries.
c. India has more Hindus than any other country in the world.
d. Hindus lived in India and migrated to neighboring countries.
____ 97. How has Hinduism shaped India’s artistic traditions?
a. Annual prizes are given for the best poem, statue, and painting.
b. All believers ust learn to paint or dance.
c. Only Hindu priests are allowed to create fine art around religious ideas.
d. Works of literature, art, music, and dance have been inspired by it.
____ 98. What was the Buddha named when he was born a prince?
a. Asoka
c. Bodhi
____ 99.
____ 100.
____ 101.
____ 102.
____ 103.
____ 104.
____ 105.
____ 106.
____ 107.
____ 108.
____ 109.
____ 110.
____ 111.
____ 112.
b. Mara
d. Siddhartha Gautama
According to legend, a fortuneteller told the Buddha’s father that his son would become either a religious
leader or which of the following?
a. king
c. monk
b. guru
d. ascetic
The first group that Buddha studied with in order to learn the truth about life was which of the following?
a. ascetics
c. gurus
b. monks
d. kings
What was a path of escape from the cycles of reincarnation called?
a. ascetics
c. serenity
b. enlightenment
d. salvation
What did Siddhartha Gautama learn from the legendary “Four Passing Sights” experience?
a. He realized there was suffering in the world.
b. He learned the way in which ascetics lived.
c. Siddhartha immediately reached nirvana.
d. Siddhartha saw that life outside his palace was beautiful.
Which of the following ideas did Buddha move away from?
a. Eightfold Path
c. Middle Way
b. Four Noble Truths
d. caste system
In his Deer Park Sermon, what did Buddha teach the ascetics that wisdom meant?
a. painful self-denial
c. avoiding extremes
b. raising deer
d. living in a monastery
Where are ideas about suffering and desire expressed?
a. Jataka tales
c. Buddhist Bible
b. Middle Way
d. Four Noble Truths
What is a state of blissful peace without desire or suffering called?
a. nirvana
c. meditation
b. dharma
d. salvation
What do the last steps of the Eightfold Path help train the mind to do?
a. meditate
c. be reborn
b. develop good karma
d. gain enlightenment
What does the underlined word in the following quote mean?
“Go forth for the gain of many, for the welfare of many, in compassion for the world. Preach the
glorious doctrine. Proclaim the life of holiness.”
a. wisdom
c. health
b. compassion
d. virtue
What do Theravada Buddhists believe the key virtue to be?
a. prayer
c. meditation
b. wisdom
d. compassion
What did missionaries do after the Buddha’s death?
a. lived in monasteries
c. planted Bodhi trees
b. spread his teachings
d. built a temple in the Deer Park
What might explain the decline of Buddhism in India?
a. People forgot who Siddhartha Gautama was.
b. Buddhists were persecuted and killed.
c. Mahayana and Theravada Buddhists quarreled.
d. Hinduism absorbed many of its teachings.
What was the first empire in India called?
____ 113.
____ 114.
____ 115.
____ 116.
____ 117.
____ 118.
a. Maurya Empire
c. Chandragupta Empire
b. Kautilya Empire
d. Asoka Empire
Which problem did Chandragupta face that empire builders in Mesopotamia and Egypt also face?
a. feeding many hungry people
b. enlisting more soldiers in the army
c. establishing authority over a large area
d. collecting taxes from farmers
Which advice was written in the Arthashastra?
a. “A king’s rightful place is leading people in war.”
b. “In the happiness of his subjects lies the king’s happiness.”
c. “Whatever pleases the king will please his subjects.”
d. “The primary duty of the king is efficient bureaucracy.”
What was one way Chandragupta controlled his empire?
a. building a huge spy network to check up on his subjects
b. imposing high taxes that kept most of the people poor
c. making a slave of anyone who disobeyed him
d. giving away a lot of money to powerful people
With what did Asoka replace the teachings of the Arthashastra?
a. harsher laws
c. priests and nobles
b. Vedic teachings
d. moral law
Based on the principle of ahimsa, what actions did Asoka take?
a. built temples to the gods
c. punished criminals harshly
b. gave up hunting
d. ate only raw meat
What did Asoka, a Buddhist, believe?
a. An emperor should always be a Buddhist.
b. All other religious teachings were wrong.
c. Only Buddhism should be practiced in India.
d. All religious teachings should be respected.
____ 119. What types of messages were carved on Asokja’s stone pillars?
____ 120.
____ 121.
____ 122.
____ 123.
____ 124.
____ 125.
a. how to polish the pillars
c. how to devote oneself to war
b. how to live moral lives
d. warnings to keep away
Which of the following is probably NOT carved on a pillar?
a. advice on living a moral life
c. a law that forbids Hinduism
b. an apology for making war
d. explanation of government reforms
How was Chandra Gupta II like Asoka?
a. He believed that eating meat was wrong.
b. He built roads and rest houses for the people.
c. He became a Buddhist and ruled by moral law.
d. He stopped making war after winning victories.
Advances in mathematics made under Gupta rule include all of the following EXCEPT?
a. Hindu-Arabic numerals
c. the concept of zero
b. triangles and spheres
d. the decimal system
Which of the following was one of aryabhatta’s contributions to astronomy during the classical age?
a. He thought eclipses were caused by angry gods.
b. He said that the moon is the source of its own light.
c. He was the first to understand that the Earth is round.
d. He said that the sun reflected light from the Earth.
From which subject is the Iron Pillar of Delphi a famous example?
a. metallurgy
c. medicine
b. literature
d. astronomy
Popular forms of literature during India’s classical age included which of the following?
a. poetry and fables
c. letters and diaries
b. essays and novels
d. jokes and riddles