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sustainable food for a healthy future Dr Rosemary Stanton OAM nutritionist food futures for children how healthy is our diet? the school’s contribution how sustainable is our diet? vision for sustainable food in the future © Rosemary Stanton 2015 the balanced diet nutrition & health environmental sustainability taste ‘food literacy’ © Rosemary Stanton 2015 children’s nutrition and health ~75% are in healthy weight range ~25% of children above healthy weight range poor food choices are common & contribute to health problems in childhood & later in life © Rosemary Stanton 2015 problems low intake of calcium (mainly in girls) low intake of dietary fibre excess sugar & acidic drinks (dental decay) too much salt low intake of vegetables in 95% of children protein ‘mania’ (among some teenage boys) vitamin B12 problem for vegans (OK if consume milk, yoghurt, cheese & eggs) © Rosemary Stanton 2015 where the diet is going wrong frequent snacks sweet drinks too much junk food (>40% of kilojoules) breakfast is too sweet (or absent) low consumption of fruit & vegetables big changes in evening family meal © Rosemary Stanton 2015 why so much junk? convenient some relatively cheap products mundane, but not unpleasant flavours (dominated by sugar, salt, fat) profitable for food companies and therefore promoted heavily © Rosemary Stanton 2015 Victorian survey 1680 primary school children 93% of kids had junk foods in lunch box plus a sweet drink average of 3 junk food items/child does this make junk food ‘normal’ ? © Rosemary Stanton 2015 influences on children’s diets family eating habits advertising/marketing taste (fussy eaters are common) peer group pressure access to a garden school’s attention to healthy food © Rosemary Stanton 2015 what we are up against marketing TV advertising internet & iPhone marketing in-school marketing sponsorship product placement sales promotions © Rosemary Stanton 2015 food & advertising children are seen as fair game for marketers and advertisers starts well before school age aim for brand recognition © Rosemary Stanton 2015 marketing to children multiple messages/multiple channels advertising (TV, sport, packaging) use of characters, mascots on clothing, bags internet marketing, email/texting product placement in-school marketing sponsorship © Rosemary Stanton 2015 internet ‘advergaming’ overtaking TV advertising children’s online ‘clubs’ with advertisements, competitions, games (including ones that are supposedly promoting nutrition), prizes immersive, interactive, incessant (20 minutes vs 30 seconds for TV ads) © Rosemary Stanton 2015 influence of marketing it works! fast foods, snacks, sweet drinks expected everywhere (including all sporting venues) take-away foods now ‘normal’ packaged snacks now ‘normal’ frequent treats now ‘normal’ foods not advertised are ignored © Rosemary Stanton 2015 excess weight in children Children overweight and obese, by age group, Australia, 2007–08 Note: Based on measured height and weight. Source: AIHW analysis of the 2007–08 NHS. © Rosemary Stanton 2015 increasing weight - why? children are eating more – 13% increase in kilojoules children are moving less – more screens (computers, phones, TV) – driven everywhere – insufficient free play © Rosemary Stanton 2015 does excess body fat matter? psycho-social problems health problems during childhood (sleep apnoea, asthma, fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure) problems with knees, joints, feet health problems as adults © Rosemary Stanton 2015 health problems year 10 students 15-20% - high insulin levels 20% boys & 5% girls - high blood pressure 9% of boys - abnormal liver function 10% boys - low HDL(good) cholesterol NSW Schools Physical Activity & Nutrition Survey(SPANS), available at www.health.nsw.gov/pubs/2006/pdf/sspans report.pdf © Rosemary Stanton 2015 health problems year 10 students who are overweight 15-20% 70% - high insulin levels 20% 30% boys & 5% girls - high blood pressure 9% 40% of boys - abnormal liver function 10% 25% boys & 20% girls - low HDL(good) cholesterol © Rosemary Stanton 2015 weight health problems with underweight lack of stamina diet may lack nutrients (may be problems with calcium, essential fats, vitamin B12) lack of self esteem (cause or effect?) © Rosemary Stanton 2015 weight promote healthy balance emphasise health rather than weight healthy role models important over- or undereating often associated with stress © Rosemary Stanton 2015 the family table disappearing 15% of kids do not eat dinner* 20% do not eat dinner with family* 50% eat in front of TV * NSW Health © Rosemary Stanton 2015 the family table small children who eat with adults better language skills better socialisation © Rosemary Stanton 2015 the family table older children who eat with adults fewer behavioural problems less likely to use alcohol, tobacco or marijuana as teenagers more motivated at school less depression lower incidence of eating disorders © Rosemary Stanton 2015 where changes are needed healthier choices suitable drinks are water or milk the day should start with breakfast fruit is the ideal snack children should be able to cook/prepare food dinner – a shared meal, at least some nights © Rosemary Stanton 2015 supportive strategies children do not need special kids’ foods provide variety, but no need to be excessive about it follow dietary guidelines ensure the school canteen supports classroom teaching © Rosemary Stanton 2015 © Rosemary Stanton 2015 solving the problem food ‘literacy’ ‘yummy’ foods not only junk foods help children discover how, when & where food is grown, and how to prepare food cooking, shopping, gardening skills (eg growing vegetables, fruit trees, school & community gardens) © Rosemary Stanton 2015 how can canteens help? don’t be part of the problem emphasise vegetables & fruit set children’s idea of what is ‘normal’ help expand children’s tastes encourage social eating emphasise ‘green’ foods (including those that are environmentally green) © Rosemary Stanton 2015 school canteen providing a good example healthy choices actively market those choices make fresh foods look attractive open for breakfast ? work with school or community garden ? an ‘eco’ canteen ? © Rosemary Stanton 2015 ‘eco’ canteens publicise foods in season stress value of fresh & healthy foods expand plant food choices where possible, work in with gardens or growers (soil enhancement/compost) reduce waste © Rosemary Stanton 2015 waste globally, at least a third of all food is wasted between field and fork food wasted in developed countries could feed an extra 3 billion people © Rosemary Stanton 2015 waste in Australia occurs at all stages of the food chain - households throw out ~ $8 billion food/year (enough to fill 450,000 garbage trucks) - food makes up >40% household garbage - food waste makes up 1/3 municipal waste © Rosemary Stanton 2015 waste avoiding waste in canteens - plan so as to reduce food losses due to spoilage - improve ordering practices - set a good example by using/selling leftovers © Rosemary Stanton 2015 action on waste in WA Waste Authority – WA Too Good to Waste Waste Wise School program (reduce, reuse, recycle) Perth City Council Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council Tamala Park Regional Council City of Rockingham composting program Edith Cowan University (research) © Rosemary Stanton 2015 waste wise school program newsletter competitions recycling services workshops fact sheets (eg composting, edible school gardens) © Rosemary Stanton 2015 go ‘eco’ - waste less food waste generates methane, the most powerful greenhouse gas avoid methane if waste used for worm farms, compost, soil enhancement, gardens © Rosemary Stanton 2015 sustainability issues & food up to 25% of total greenhouse gas emissions come from production and distribution of what we eat and drink © Rosemary Stanton 2015 go down the food chain? World Health Organisation and others recommend we bias our diets towards plant foods and less processed foods for health & sustainability © Rosemary Stanton 2015 ‘eco’ considerations packaging ~ 65% packaging is for food/beverages useful because it improves shelf life and reduces food waste a problem because it uses energy resources to produce, and more when added to landfill © Rosemary Stanton 2015 packaging packaging makes up 72% of litter in Australia (includes 25 million plastic bags discarded as litter/year) throughout the world, 400 billion plastic water bottles added to landfill each year © Rosemary Stanton 2015 packaging - action avoid packaged foods & drinks where possible recycle packaging where possible recycling bins in schools sell ‘school branded’ re-usable water bottles lobby governments to set mandatory rules for container deposits lobby for recycling costs to be included in product price © Rosemary Stanton 2015 environmental issues overproduction waste reduce (also re-cycling at school) excess packaging reduce seasonal eating understand food ‘miles’ understand more plant foods (wholegrains, nuts, fruit, vegetables, legumes) offer more organic foods? where affordable © Rosemary Stanton 2015 the value of gardens encourage connection with the seasons planning & patience experimenting (different varieties) sharing interest from all ages © Rosemary Stanton 2015 access to a garden increases children’s willingness to eat vegetables improves family dynamics (less friction, more varied menus, more sharing) kitchen gardens increase cooking skills improves overall diets advantages for ‘loners’ © Rosemary Stanton 2015 gardens healthier, more enjoyable diet healthier environment simultaneously tackle climate change, better nutrition & food ‘literacy’ © Rosemary Stanton 2015 vision for a ‘future’ food system buy only what we need sustainable packaging fresh, local/home grown, where possible home cooked rather than take-away more vegetables, grains, nuts, fruit more sustainable farming (inc fish) small portions of sustainable animal foods tap water rather than sugary drinks © Rosemary Stanton 2015 vision for a ‘future’ food system vegetable gardens (community, home, school) street trees with edible fruit collection & recycling systems for domestic, school & commercial waste, subsidies for composting school canteens will be ‘green’ © Rosemary Stanton 2015 reliable information The Parents Jury (www.parentsjury.org.au) Choice Cancer Council - Food Injunction LiveLighter Nutrition Australia Public Health Association of Australia Dietitians Association of Australia © Rosemary Stanton 2015 the balanced diet nutrition & health environmental sustainability taste ‘food literacy’ © Rosemary Stanton 2015