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The Earth’s Layers Students will … illustrate the structural layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, crust, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. [6.10A] Each layer of the Earth has its own unique properties. There are three distinct layers – the crust, mantle, and core – which can then be subdivided into more layers. Each layer is made up of specific elements. Crust Mantle Core Outermost layer Thinnest layer and much cooler than others 2 types of crust 1. Oceanic (very dense, made of basalt) 2. Continental (less dense, made of granite) Thinnest beneath ocean and thickest beneath mountain ranges Layer beneath crust Middle layer Very thick layer Made up of more iron and magnesium so is very dense Convection currents occur in the mantle Consists of the crust and the upper part of the mantle Solid and rocky Broken into large pieces called tectonic plates Earthquakes can occur in the lithosphere Made up of elements Oxygen and Silicon Lithosphere Beneath the lithosphere Partially molten The rock is pliable or plastic-like Rock here bends, stretches, and flows The tectonic plates float on this layer Asthenosphere Earth’s crust is broken into about a dozen major plates and several minor plates These plates constantly move on top of the Asthenosphere Made up of the elements iron and nickel 1/3 of the Earth’s mass The core is larger than Mars! The core is very hot and dense The outer core is a liquid The material of the outer core is considered molten as it is extremely hot Less dense than the inner core Made up of Iron and Nickel Outer Core The inner core is the most dense It is solid even though the temperature is very hot due to the extreme pressure The inner core is composed mostly of Iron Inner Core How are the Earth’s layers similar to an egg? Shell=crust Egg white=mantle Yolk=core Crust and Lithosphere- rigid outer layer Mantle and Asthenosphere- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt) Outer Core- liquid layer Inner Core- solid, very dense http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/pltec/#cr ust http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic. html
