Download Therapies, Careers in Psychology, and Ethics

Therapies, Careers in Psychology, and
Ethics
PSY 101 – Introduction to Psychology
Week 7
Many slides & activities are adapted from the
Instructor’s Resources for your text or earlier versions
of your text. Other resources used include Ahmad
(2010) and Huffman’s (2010) Psychology in Action.
Many slides & activities are adapted from the
instructor’s manual.
Images are from Google Images or the Instructor’s
Manual.
THERAPIES
TYPES OF THERAPIES
PSYCHOTHERAPIES
BIOMEDICAL
PREVENTIVE
PSYCHOTHERAPIES
PSYCHODYNAMIC – analyst and patient work together
and analyst provides interpretations of past experiences
HUMANISTIC – help develop a positive self image
BEHAVIORAL – change problem behaviors
COGNITIVE – change irrational thinking
FAMILY/SYSTEMS – work with relationship issues in
families
ECLECTIC – Mix of all therapies
PSYCHODYNAMIC
PSYCHOANALYSIS
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Free Association: running account of thoughts and
wishes in order to explore the unconscious
Resistance: block anxiety-laden material from
consciousness
Transference: transfer emotions from other relationships
to analyst, e.g. love or hate of parents
Good as a long-term therapy; useful in abuse cases or to
uncover lost memories
HUMANISTIC
ROGERIAN
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Client-Centered
Unconditional Positive Regard
Empathy
Active listening
o Restates and clarifies what person is saying
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Good therapy for relational and personality problems
GESTALT – Integrate pieces into a whole by uniting
thoughts and actions
EXISTENTIAL – Become the author of your own life
through self awareness
BEHAVIORAL
COUNTER-CONDITIONING – condition new responses
to stimuli
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Good treatment for anxiety disorders
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION – combine relaxing
stimulus with anxiety-producing stimulus
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Good treatment for phobias
AVERSIVE CONDITIONING – associate unwanted state
with unwanted activity – get sick when drink alcohol
TOKEN ECONOMY – reward desired behavior
SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING – model demonstrated
behavior
COGNITIVE – Most Popular Therapy
RET – RATIONAL EMOTIVE THERAPY – Albert Ellis
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Get rid of sticking thinking – those thoughts that
intervene between event and emotion
BECK’S COGNITIVE THERAPY
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Develop new more adaptive ways to think
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL
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Change self-defeating thinking as well as behavior
COGNITIVE THERAPIES GOOD FOR ANXIETY AND
MOOD DISORDERS, SOME SCHIZOPHRENIA, SOME
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
COGNITIVE THERAPY EXAMPLE
BEFORE THERAPY
EVENT – Loss of job
STINKING THINKING – “I’m worthless and a failure”
EMOTION -- Depressed
AFTER THERAPY
EVENT – Loss of job
GOOD THINKING – “I deserve better treatment”
EMOTION – Not Depressed
FAMILY/SYSTEMS
USE OF SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO MAKE
PEOPLE AWARE OF DYSFUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR
WITHIN FAMILY
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ROLE PLAY
DIADS AND TRIADS
TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
DRUG THERAPY
PSYCHOSURGERY
ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)
DRUG THERAPIES
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS – e.g., Thorazine; used to
treat schizophrenia
ANTIANXIETY DRUGS – e.g., Valium & Librium; used
to treat anxiety disorders
ANTIDEPRESSANT OR MOOD DRUGS – e.g., Prozac,
Zoloft, & Paxil; used to treat depression OR
Lithium; used to treat bipolar
PSYCHOSURGERY
PSYCHOSURGERY – Removal or destruction of brain
tissue
LOBOTOMY – Rarely used today. Cutting of nerves
between frontal lobes to emotion-control center of brain to
calm violent patients
ECT
USED WITH SEVERELY DEPRESSED PATIENTS IN
WHICH BRIEF ELECTRIC CURRENT IS SENT
THROUGH THE BRAIN OF AN ANESTHETIZED
PATIENT
PREVENTIVE
TREAT THE CAUSE
ELIMINATE POVERTY, DISCRIMINATION, AND
OTHER DEMORALIZING SITUATIONS
PROVIDERS OF THERAPIES
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS– Psychologists, most have
Ph.D, and provide psychotherapies
COUNSELORS – marriage, family, pastoral, abuse
counselors
PSYCHIATRIC SOCIAL WORKER – certified social
workers who help out with everyday problems, including
family problems
PSYCHIATRIST – a medical doctor who can prescribe
medications