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CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
JAN2016
ASSESSMENT_CODE BC5901_JAN2016
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
5470
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain reasoning or inference process/engine of Expert
system.
IF-then rules ( 2 marks)
Forward chaining 1 mark
Backward chaining 1 mark
Inference engines or procedures 1 mark
Knowledge base 1 mark
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Inference process
Match phase 2 marks
Select phase mark
Execute phase 1 mark
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
5471
QUESTION_TEXT
Define robotics and elucidate its’ characteristics
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
Definition of robotics 2 marks
Characteristics 8 marks
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72575
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain the brief history of AI and Importance of AI
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
History Of AI
- 6 marks
AI began to emerge as a separate field of study during 1940s and
1950 when the computer became a commercial reality. Prior to this
time, a number of important areas of research that would later
shape early work on AI were beginning to mature.
Firstly, during 1920s and 1930s there was the work of logicians such
as Alonzo Church, Kurt Godel. It helped to produce formalized
methods for reasoning, the form of logic known as predicate calculus
. it demonstrated that facts and ideas from a language such as
English could be formally described and manipulated mechanically
in meaningful ways. Turing, sometimes regarded as the father of AI,
also demonstrated, as early as 1936, that a simple computer
processor could manipulate symbols as well as numbers
During 1940s and 1950s, Norbert Wiener, coined the term
Cybernetics. Cybernetics is the study of communication in human
and machine and it brought together many parallels between human
and machine
Although the computer provided the technology necessary for AI, it
was not until the early 1950’s that the link between human
intelligence and machines was really observed. Norbert Wiener was
one of the first American to make observations on the principle of
feedback theory. The most familiar example of feedback theory is
the thermostat.
In late 1955, Newell and Simon developed The Logic Theorist,
considered by many to be the first AI program. The program,
representing each problem as a tree model, would attempt to solve it
by selecting the branch that would most likely result in the correct
conclusion.
In 1956, John McCarthy organized a conference , “The Dartmouth
summer research project on artificial Intelligence” from that point
on, because of McCrathy, the field would be known as Artificial
Intelligence
Importance of AI
- 4 marks
AI may be one of the most important developments of this century.
It will affect the lives of most individuals in civilized countries and
countries leading in the development of AI by then will emerge as
the dominant economic powers of the world.
The Japanese launched a very ambitious program in AI research
and development, known as the fifth generation, this plan was
officially announced in October 1981. It calls for the implementation
of a ten-year plan to develop intelligent super computers.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72578
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain different kinds of knowledge needed to represent AI systems.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Objects: Facts about objects in our world domain.
-2 marks
Eg: Guitars have strings, trumpets are brass instruments.
Events: Actions that occur in our world.
-2 marks
Eg: Kapil Dev played cricket for India at Mohali Cricket stadium
against Australia.
Performance: A behavior like playing the cricket involves knowledge
about how to do things.
-1 marks
Meta – knowledge: Knowledge about what we know.
Eg: Bobrow’s Robot who plans’s a trip. It knows that it can read street
signs along the way to find out where it is.
-2
marks
Facts: Truths about the real world and what we represent. This can be
regarded as the knowledge level.
Representation of the facts: Which we manipulate. This can be
regarded as the symbol level since we usually define the
representation in terms of symbols that can be manipulated by
programs.
-3 marks
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
72579
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain propositional logic and write its advantages?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Propositional logic is appealing because it is simple to deal with and a
decision procedure for it exists. We can easily represent real-world facts
as logical propositions written as well-formed formulas in propositional
logic. Propositional logic deals with the determination of the truth of a
sentence. An allowable sentence is called the syntax of proposition. A
syntax or sentence holds various propositional symbols, where each
symbol holds a propositional that can either be true or false. The names
of the symbols can be anything from alphabets like a,b or c to symbols
like α,β, or Y to variable names like IsOld, and may hold meaning
relative to their contexts in the concept. Although, two propositions are
constant as per the syntax and have a fixed meaning. They are:
True – proposition that is always true.
- 7 marks
False – proposition that is always false.
Advantages of propositional logic are:
It is simple to deal with.
There is a decision procedure for it.
- 3 marks
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
113528
Explain semantic networks with an example
QUESTION_TEXT
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Semantic networks are an alternative to predicate logic as a form of knowledge
representation
explainthe example. 5 marks + 5 marks