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Section 3-1 (Part 3) The Outer Planets (Gas Giants) Objectives • Name the outer planets • Identify what they are made of • Decide how the outer planets are different than the inner planets Gas Giants (Outer Planets) • Jupiter and Saturn = Gas Giants • Uranus and Neptune = Ice Giants Taken by Voyager 1 Spacecraft From 25 million Miles away Jupiter: 5th planet From the Sun Jupiter • Distance from Sun: 5.2 AU’s • Period of Rotation: about 10 hours • Period of Revolution: 11 years, 313 days • Diameter: 143,000 km • Gravity: 236% of Earth’s gravity Jupiter • Has a very thick atmosphere – Made of hydrogen, helium, methane, ammonia and water vapor • The bands on Jupiter are where there are high winds Jupiter • Great Red Spot: hurricane-like storm that has lasted 350 years! – Red Spot Jr. has been seen recently Jupiter • Jupiter has a thin ring system Jupiter’s moons • Jupiter has a total of 63 moons • Galilean Moons – Discovered by Galileo in 1620 – Callisto, Ganymede, Europa and Io Jupiter • Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system Saturn • 6th planet from the Sun • Distance from Sun = 9.5 AU’s • Period of Rotation: 10 hours, 30 mins. • Period of Revolution: 29 years, 155 days • Gravity: 91% of Earth’s gravity Saturn’s Rings • Saturn has the largest ring system of any planet Saturn’s Rings • Millions of small pieces of rock, ice and dust make up the rings Saturn’s moons • Saturn has a total of 68 moons • Titan is the name of the biggest moon – A probe has been landed on Titan very recently – Scientists think Titan may have liquid water on it Saturn • Saturn is the 2nd largest planet in the Solar System Uranus • 7th planet from the Sun • Distance from Sun: 19 AU’s • Period of Rotation: 17 hours, 14 mins • Period of Revolution: 84 years, 274 days • Gravity: 82% of Earth’s gravity Uranus • Thick atmosphere – Contains methane and hydrogen gas, which creates a turquoise color – Very similar to Neptune – Some call Uranus and Neptune the “ice giants) Uranus • Uranus is different from other planets, because it is tipped on its side – Possibly from being hit by a huge comet • Has a retrograde (clockwise) rotation like Venus Uranus’ moons • Uranus has a total of 27 moons Uranus • Uranus is the 3rd largest planet in the solar system Neptune • 8th planet from the Sun • Distance from Sun: 30 AU’s • Period of Rotation: 16 hours, 7 mins • Period of Revolution: about 164 days • Gravity: 112% of Earth’s gravity Neptune • Neptune’s atmosphere is similar to Uranus’s – Hydrogen, helium,methane & nitrogen – The core/center of Neptune is probably ice and rock – Called an “ice giant like Uranus Neptune • Neptune is the furthest actual planet from the Sun • It is also the 4th largest planet How are the Outer Gas Giants different than the Inner Planets? Outer Planets vs. Inner Planets • The outer planets are mostly made of gas – They couldn’t be close to the Sun, because heat makes gas spread out • The distance between these gas giants is much greater than the distance between the inner, terrestrial planets • The gas giants are Much, Much bigger than the inner, terrestrial planets