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Name: _________________________________ Pd. ______ Date: ________________ Life in Two City-States: Sparta and Athens Directions: You will need to read through chapter 27 from your History Alive textbook to find out more about the two city states. While you do, you will need to answer the following questions, and take notes in the space provided. Be sure to copy direct quotes as this information will be used in your next project. Government Consider the following: 27.3 Why was Athens considered a democracy? 27.7 Why was Spartan government considered an oligarchy? As you read, compare and contrast the two styles of government. Find both similarities and differences between the two systems. Athens (Frey 261) “a democracy” “Athens allowed only free men to be citizens. All men over the age of 18 who were born in Athens were Athenian citizens.” “The Council of 500 met every day” “The names of all citizens 30 years of age or older were collected, and 500 of those names were chosen.” “ran the day to day business of the government and suggested new laws” Similarities Sparta (Frey 265) Had own government. “Sparta was an oligarchy” Had an assembly. Only male citizens in assembly. “The Council of Elders consisted of two kings and 28 other men.” “The two kings inherited their position and shared equal powers.” “The other 28 members of the council were elected…had to be at least 60 years old and from a noble family." “The Council of Elders held the real power in Sparta. It prepared laws for the “A much larger group, the Assembly…met on a hill every 10 days” “6,000 citizens had to be present” “The Assembly debated and voted on laws proposed by the council. Every citizen had the right to speak" Assembly to vote on, and it had the power to stop any laws passed by the Assembly” “The Assembly had very little power.” “Members of the Assembly could only vote yes or no on laws” Economy Consider the following: 27.4 How did Athenians get the goods they needed for everyday life? 27.8 How did Spartans get the goods they needed for everyday life? As you read, compare and contrast the two economies. Find both similarities and differences between the two systems. Athens Economy based on trade with other city-states and foreign lands to get goods and natural resources they needed. Similarities Based on farming and conquering other people to get what they need (including new land for farming). “The land around Athens did not provide enough food for all the city’s people. But Athens was near the sea, and it had a good harbor. So Athenians traded with other city-states and some foreign lands to get the goods and natural resources they needed.” (Frey, 262) ‘Sparta didn’t have enough land to feed all its people, so Spartans took the land they needed from their neighbors.” (Frey, 266) Discouraged trade-thought new ideas from other people would weaken government. “They acquired wood from Italy and grain from Egypt. In exchange, Athenians traded honey, olive oil, silver, and beautifully painted pottery.” (Frey, 262) Didn’t have coins, used heavy iron bars as money. “Legend says that an ancient Spartan leader decided to use iron as money to make it hard to steal. A thief would need a wagon to carry enough iron bars to be valuable.” (Frey, 266) Men spent lives as soldiers, non-citizens and slaves produced needed goods for soldiers-clothing and weapons. “The Spartans also made use Developed coins made of gold, silver and bronze. “Athens developed its own coins to make trade easier.” (Frey, 262) Had a marketplace called Agora where people could buy household items, sandals, jewelry and slaves. Sparta The land did not provide all the food the people needed. of noncitizens, called perioikoi.” (Frey, 266) Turned the people they conquered into slaves called helots. “The helots continued to live in their own villages, but they had to give much of the food they grew to the Spartan citizens.” (Frey, 266) Education Consider the Following: 27.5 How did Athenians train the minds AND bodies of boys? 27. 9 How did Sparta train boys AND girls so they could protect the city-state? As you read, compare and contrast the two educations. Find both similarities and differences between the two systems. Athens Main purpose of education was to produce good citizens. Similarities Education was important to the future success of the city-state Sparta ( Frey 267) Purpose of education was to produce men and women who could protect Sparta “If a baby did not appear healthy and strong, it might be left to die on a hillside.” (Frey, 267) Education was focused on sharp mind and health body. “Education meant physical training as well as book learning.” (Frey, 263) Boys and girls educated differently Valued strength and discipline “Since only boys grew up to be citizens, boys and girls were educated quite differently.” (Frey, 263) From age 7 boys and girls were trained to fight, even girls received some military training Girls learned how to manage a household, did not learn to read or write. “They (girls) learned wrestling, boxing, footracing, and gymnastics”(Frey, 267) “They (girls) were taught to cook, clean, spin thread, and weave cloth. Some also learned ancient secret songs and dances for religious festivals.” (Frey, 263) “Spartan boys were taught to suffer any amount of physical pain without complaining. They marched without shoes. They were not fed well, and they were encouraged to steal food as long as they did not get caught.” (Frey, 267) Boys went to school from age 6 to 14 and were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, literature, Males lived in soldier’s barracks until 30 years old. music and sports Military training began at age 18 “After their service, wealthy young men might study with private teachers. These teachers charged high fees for lessons in debate and public speaking that would help young men become political leaders.” ( Fret, 263) Boys taught to read and write, although this was not considered as important as military training. At age 20, Spartan men given a test of fitness, military anility and leadership skills. Treatment of Women and Slaves Consider the Following: 27.6 How were women AND slaves treated in Athens? 27.10 How were women AND slaves treated in Sparta As you read, compare and contrast how each city-state treated their women and slaves. Find both similarities and differences between the two locations. Athens Women and slaves not citizens. Women could not inherit or own much property Women could not vote or attend the Assembly Similarities Women and slaves had fewer rights then men Sparta Women lived same simple life as men Women did not wear jewelry, cosmetics or perfume Women were expected to be healthy and strong, and protect husband’s property “A woman was expected to look after her husband’s property in times of war. She also had to guard it against invaders and revolts from slaves,”(Frey, 268) “Most could not even choose their own husbands” (Frey, 264) Few women held jobs, some sold goods in the marketplace, a few had important jobs as priestess “An Athenian wife had separate rooms at home and never went out alone.” (Frey, 264) Women could own control their own property Women were not free to speak to men in public “they could even marry another man if their first husband had been away at war too long.” (Frey, 268). Women were free to talk to men in public Slaves (helots) were treated harshly and sometimes killed Many slavery in Athens- some born into slavery, others made slaves when captured “Most people who weren’t poor owned at least one slave.” (Frey, 264) Slaves worked in silver mines, ran households, tutored children and some were craftsman so they would revolt “The Spartans were afraid the helots would revolt, so they treated them very harshly.” (Frey, 268) “The government sometimes declared war on the helots so that it could legally kill any slaves it thought might rebel.” (Frey, 268) Helots had some rights – could marry whomever they wanted, pass their name on to their children, sell extra crops after giving his master his crops and possibly buy their freedom.