Download Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer
By:Marisela Esparza
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Cervical Cancer is cancer in the cervix (the
lower part of the cervix that connects to the
vagina.)
Causes:
Abnormal Change in
tissue
• Human Papillomavirus
• There are 80 types of HPV
• Transmitted Sexually
• Cause 90% of Cervical Cancer
• Cause Genital Warts
Symptoms
• Unusual Vaginal Discharge
• Bleeding or “spotting” outside of
menstruation
• Pain or vaginal bleeding during sexual
intercourse
• Post- menopausal bleeding
• Pain during urination
• Pelvic Pain
Risk Factors
• Unprotected Sex
• Multiple Sex partners
• Using Oral Contraceptives
• Immunosuppression
• Smoking
• Chlamydia
Treatment
•
•
•
•
Radiation
Surgery
Chemotherapy
New drugs still on
clinical trials
Prevention
• Vaccines
(Gradasil,
Cervarix)
• Protected Sex
• Regular Pap Tests
Scientific Article
Human papilloma vaccines launch a
era of cervical cancer prevention.
This was a study to see which
vaccine was better gardasil or
ceravix
Table 1: Characteristics of the HPV vaccines Gardasil and Cervarix
Characteristic Gardasil
Cervarix
Manufacturer
Merck Frosst Canada Ltd. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
Type
Prophylactic vaccine
Prophylactic vaccine
consisting of virus-like
consisting of virus-like
particles containing L1
particles containing L1
capsid proteins
capsid proteins
Antigens
Antigen
expression
system
Adjuvant
Quadrivalent vaccine:
Bivalent vaccine:
HPV types 6
HPV types
(20 [micro]g/dose),
16 (20 [micro]g/dose) and
11 (40 [micro]g/dose),
18 (20 [micro]g/dose)
16 (40 [micro]g/dose) and
18 (20 [micro]g/dose)
Yeast
Baculovirus
Alum:
225 [micro]g aluminum
hydroxyphosphate sulfate
ASO4:
500 [micro]g aluminum
hydroxide and 50 [micro]g
3-deacylated
monophosphoryl lipid A
Table 2: Immune response and disease outcomes* for the HPV vaccines
Gardasil and Ceravix
Variable
Gardasil
Cervarix
Published trial
* Phase 2 and 3
* Phase 2 and 3
results
trials (21-27)
trials (28-31)
Sample size
* 20 583 (27)
* 18 644 (31)
Maximum duration of * 5 years
* 5.5 years
follow-up
(phase 2) (23)
(phase 2) (30)
* 3 years
* 1.25
(phase 3) (25)
(phase 3) (31)
Immune response 1
* Over 99%
* Over 99%
month after
seroconversion
seroconversion
completion of
vaccine series
* Antibody titres 11
* Antibody titres 107
times (HPV type 6),
times (HPV type 16)
7 times (HPV type
and 82 times (HPV
11), 105 times (HPV
type 18) higher
type 16) and 19
than titres
times (HPV type 18)
following natural
higher than titres
infection (28)
following natural
HPV infection (22)
Duration of immune
* 96% seropositive to * 100% seropositive to
response
HPV types 6, 11 and
HPV types 16 and 18
16 at 24 months
at 51-53 months29
* 68% seropositive to
Video
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=6YKwPfFYR6c
http://www.becervixsavvy.co
.uk/index.html
Works Cited
• Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer # 2
• Gale cengage Learning
http://findgalegroup.com/ips/retrieve.do?cententSet
=IAC-documents
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
http://fhcrc.org/reseach/disease/cervical_cancer/iind
ex.html
Cervical Cancer: information at gargasil.com
• National Cancer Institute
• http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/cervical
•
• National Cervical Cancer Coalition
• http://www.nccc-online.org/
•
Pictures
• http://keetsa.com/blog/ecofriendly/vegan-condoms-by-glyde/
• www.dailymail.co.uk
• www.britannica.com