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Picturing Diversity Understanding genetic mechanisms of species divergence A lesson plan developed by UNC graduate students: Joe McGirr, Bryan Reatini, and Emilie Richards What is a species? How do species diverge? Over Time Sympatric Speciation Sympatric Speciation How do species diverge? Over Time Allopatric Speciation Allopatric Speciation How do genetic changes lead to differences we see between species? How do genomes diverge? Can you taste phenylthiocarbamide? How do genomes diverge? Can you taste phenylthiocarbamide? 25% of the human population cannot. How do genomes diverge? Can you taste phenylthiocarbamide? 25% of the human population cannot. WHY? Starburst Alleles Which do you prefer? AGTTCAG AGTTGAG AGTTAAG AGTTTAG How do alleles contribute to speciation? Adaptive Evolution Natural Selection How do alleles contribute to speciation? Non-adaptive Evolution - Genetic Drift Starburst Alleles Island 1 Island 2 Island 2 Starburst Alleles Island 1 Island 2 Island 2 Starburst Alleles Island 1 Island 2 Island 2 Modeling Genetic Drift With Butterfly Wings Island 1 Island 2 Modeling Genetic Drift With Butterfly Wings Island 1 Island 2 Modeling Genetic Drift With Butterfly Wings Island 1 Island 2 Modeling Genetic Drift With Butterfly Wings Island 1 Island 2 Discussion • How did the frequency of starburst alleles change across generations between groups? Why did the final frequencies differ between groups even though all groups started with the same frequencies? • Did any group end up with just one starburst color left in their bag? What would this mean for future generations? • Did any butterflies lose a trait entirely? How did this affect later generations? • Does genetic drift favor the most fit individuals? • Can genetic drift increase the genetic diversity within a population?
