* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Xmedia_ELab1_FadingLED
Regenerative circuit wikipedia , lookup
Nanofluidic circuitry wikipedia , lookup
Integrating ADC wikipedia , lookup
Josephson voltage standard wikipedia , lookup
Negative resistance wikipedia , lookup
Transistor–transistor logic wikipedia , lookup
Charlieplexing wikipedia , lookup
Valve RF amplifier wikipedia , lookup
Wilson current mirror wikipedia , lookup
Schmitt trigger wikipedia , lookup
Power MOSFET wikipedia , lookup
Power electronics wikipedia , lookup
Electrical ballast wikipedia , lookup
Operational amplifier wikipedia , lookup
Voltage regulator wikipedia , lookup
Switched-mode power supply wikipedia , lookup
Current source wikipedia , lookup
Resistive opto-isolator wikipedia , lookup
Surge protector wikipedia , lookup
Network analysis (electrical circuits) wikipedia , lookup
Current mirror wikipedia , lookup
Basic Circuits – Lab 1 Xmedia Spring 2012 Basically • Power – Provides energy for the sensor and the output • Sensor – Changes aspects of the circuit based on input • Output – Changes based on the sensor Lighting an LED • Battery • Resistor • LED Solderless Breadboards • Used to prototype circuit designs Battery • Potential Difference - Voltage – Like potential energy • Positive (VCC, +) and negative (Ground, –) • Note about complete circuits 9 Volts 1.5 Volts Resistor • Resistance – Ohms – Ω – Limits the current LED • Light Emitting Diode – Directional – Brightness based on current Lighting an LED • Build this circuit • Observe the light turn on when you complete the circuit Fading and LED • • • • Battery Resistor Potentiometer LED Potentiometer • Variable resistor – Changes the resistance in the circuit • Positive, negative, and variable legs Some Theory • • • • • Voltage Resistance Current Ohm’s Law Calculating LED Resistor Values Voltage • • • • V~ V V DC AC Potential difference Energy per unit charge Drives the current between two points in a circuit Current A A~ • I DC AC • Flow of unit charge per unit time – Ampere – Coulombs/second Resistance • R, Ω • Opposition to the flow of current – Based on properties of the material – Conductor vs. Insulator Ohm’s Law • Relates voltage, current and resistance • I=V/R –V=I*R • Units are important – amperes, ohms, volts – Not milliamps, and millivolts Calculating LED Resistor Values • LED Voltage and Current from data sheet – Typically ~ 1.7V – Typically ~ 20mA • Know supply voltage – for example 5V • Resistor needs to take the extra voltage – 5 – 1.7 = 3.3 V • Ohm’s Law – R = V/I = 3.3V/0.02A = 165Ω Multimeter Usage •Connections: –Black - COM / Ground –Red - 10A, 300mA, V/Ohms •Continuity Test, Diode Test, Resistance, Voltage, Current •Specs: –DC voltage range: 326mV - 1000V –AC voltage range: 3.26V - 750V –DC/AC current range: 326µA -10A –Resistance range: 326ohm 32.6Mohm Mastech MY68 Autoranging Multimeter Usage •Continuity Test –To check if two points are electrically connected, audible beep sounds if they are •Diode Test –Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction only, they have a positive (+) lead (i.e. anode) and a negative (-) lead (i.e. cathode) –LEDs are diodes that emit light –You can test the polarity of a diode using a multimeter set to "diode test" mode –Connect the black lead to (-) and the red lead to (+) and the diode will conduct. Connected backwards it will not. Multimeter Usage •Note: in manual range mode, always make sure to select the correct range before connecting the multimeter leads!! •Resistance - Ω – Remove component from the circuit •Voltage - V V DC V~ AC – At a point in a complete circuit – Connect black lead to ground, red lead to the point in the circuit Multimeter Usage •Current - A A DC A~ AC –Use the 10A jack until you're sure that the current is less than 300mA, and set the range before connecting the leads! –Current is measured in series with the circuit: • • • • Turn off the power Break the circuit Put the meter in series Turn the power on Fading an LED • Build this circuit • Turn the knob • Observe the LED changing brightness Lighting 3 LEDs in Parallel • Do this on your own. • Build this circuit. • Measure the voltage across each branch. • Measure the current out of the battery and before each LED. Current Split - Parallel • Sum of the current through each branch equals the current from the power source • Voltages are the same in each branch • 1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + … + 1/Rn Lighting 3 LEDs in Series • Do this on your own. • Build this circuit. • Measure the voltage across each LED. • Measure the current out of the battery and before each LED. Voltage Split - Series • Voltage across each component is different • Current through each component is the same • Rtotal = R1 + R2 + . . . + Rn Voltage Divider • Vout = Vin * R3 / (R1 + R3) • If R1 is variable, as R1 increases Vout decreases Calculating Resistance • Series – Rtotal = R1 + R2 + . . . + Rn • Paralell – 1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + … + 1/Rn Variable Power Supply •Output connections in Volts DC (direct current) –Red: power –Black: ground •Specifications: –1.5 to 30V DC output 0 to 1A output current 100 to 240V AC input Over-voltage/current protection Short circuit protection