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FACULTY GUIDE for use with the Video Anthology for Abnormal Psychology Fourth Edition by Ronald J. Comer Princeton University and Gregory P. Comer Princeton Academic Resources WORTH PUBLISHERS FACULTY GUIDE for use with the Video Anthology for Abnormal Psychology, Fourth Edition by Worth Publishers © 2013 by Worth Publishers All rights reserved. The Video Anthology for Abnormal Psychology, Fourth Edition, and its accompanying Faculty Guide are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. These laws prohibit duplicating the enclosed programs and/or preparing derivative works based on these programs. The contents or parts thereof may be reproduced for use with the Video Anthology for Abnormal Psychology, but may not be reproduced in any other form for any other purpose without the prior written permission of the publisher. 2 Table of Contents Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present 1. BENJAMIN RUSH’S “RESTRAINT CHAIR” 2. CARL JUNG TALKS ABOUT FREUD, LIFE, AND THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS 3. MEDICAL PROCEDURES USED IN MENTAL HOSPITALS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 4. LOCKING AWAY THE “FEEBLEMINDED”: A SHAMEFUL HISTORY Research in Abnormal Psychology 5. ETHICS IN HUMAN RESEARCH: VIOLATING ONE’S PRIVACY? 6. DEATH OF A SUBJECT: THE ETHICS OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 7. A LABORATORY STUDY: LINKING PLACEBO EFFECTS TO ENDORPHINS 8. STUDYING IDENTICAL TWINS: NATURE VERSUS NURTURE Models of Abnormality 9. THE UNCONSCIOUS: MODERN VIEWS 10. BANDURA’S BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT: MODELING OF AGGRESSION 11. DR. AARON BECK UNCOVERS THE COGNITIONS OF A DEPRESSED CLIENT 12. JOHN AND JULIE GOTTMAN EXAMINE MARITAL AND FAMILY STRESS 13. DO SOCIAL FORCES CAUSE ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR? REPLICATING THE MILGRAM STUDY 3 14. CITY OF GHEEL: COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH AT ITS BEST Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment 15. CLINICIANS TRY TO IDENTIFY NORMALCY 16. GENETIC TESTING: DO PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW? 17. ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOPATHY 18. BRAIN FINGERPRINTING: MEMORY, RECOGNITION, AND LIE DETECTION 19. AVATARS ONLINE: A NEW DIRECTION IN PSYCHOTHERAPY? Anxiety Disorders 20. WATSON’S FAMOUS STUDY: LITTLE ALBERT 21. SPECIFIC PHOBIAS, PANIC DISORDER, AND SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER: 3 CASES 22. AGORAPHOBIA 23. SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER AND COGNITIVEBEHAVIORAL THERAPY: A CASE STUDY 24. OVERCOMING A DOG PHOBIA 25. EXPOSURE TREATMENT FOR AN ELEVATOR PHOBIA Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 26. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: A YOUNG MOTHER’S STRUGGLE 27. TREATMENT OF OCD: EXPOSURE AND RESPONSE PREVENTION 4 28. BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER: BEYOND PERFECTION 29. HOARDING: A LIFE OF CLUTTER 30. TRICHOTILLOMANIA: PULLING OUT ONE’S HAIR Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 31. FIGHT OR FLIGHT: MEASURING STRESS WHILE RUNNING WITH THE BULLS 32. THE STRESS-CORTISOL CONNECTION: NOT FOR ADULTS ONLY 33. STRESS, SLEEP DEPRIVATION, AND AGGRESSION 34. POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: A COMBAT VETERAN 35. FEAR, PTSD, AND THE BRAIN 36. INHERITING PTSD: THE GHOST IN YOUR GENES Dissociative Disorders 37. DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA VERSUS ORGANIC AMNESIA 38. IS DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER A REAL DISORDER? 39. THREE FACES OF EVE: THE REAL PERSON 40. CREATING FALSE MEMORIES: A LABORATORY STUDY Disorders Featuring Somatic Symptoms 41. HYPOCHONDRIASIS BECOMES ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER 42. HOW DOES ANXIETY AFFECT PAIN? 43. COPING WITH PAIN 5 44. HYPNOSIS: MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 45. STRESS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: CARETAKERS AT RISK 46. FIGHTING CANCER: MOBILIZING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Sleep-Wake Disorders 47. SLEEP AND SLEEPLESSNESS: THE CURRENT SCENE 48. CHRONIC NIGHTMARES Disorders of Mood: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders 49. THE SEARCH FOR HAPPINESS 50. PARENTAL ATTACHMENT IN INFANCY: HARRY HARLOW AND THE "WIRE MOTHER" 51. PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A CASE STUDY 52. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION 53. DISRUPTIVE MOOD DYSREGULATION DISORDER (CHILD BIPOLAR DISORDER) Treatments for Disorders of Mood 54. DR. AARON BECK CONDUCTS COGNITIVE THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION 55. THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF SSRIs 56. QUESTIONING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS 57. ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY 6 58. BRAIN AREA 25, DEPRESSION, AND DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION 59. LAUGHTER CLUBS 60. SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER AND LIGHT THERAPY Suicide 61. SUICIDE: CASE OF THE “3-STAR” CHEF 62. SUICIDE BY TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS 63. ANTIDEPRESSANTS, SUICIDE, AND THE “BLACK BOX” DECISION 64. SUICIDE AND THE PEOPLE LEFT BEHIND: SURVIVORS’ GUILT AND ANGER 65. TERMINAL ILLNESS AND SUICIDE Eating Disorders 66. THE FACE OF ANOREXIA: MODEL ISABELLE CARO 67. OVERCOMING ANOREXIA NERVOSA 68. WOMAN WITH BULIMIA NERVOSA 69. MAN WITH BULIMIA NERVOSA 70. PRO-ANOREXIA WEBSITES 71. EATING AND WEIGHT GAIN: A ROLE FOR FIDGETING Substance-Related Disorders 72. COLLEGE BINGE DRINKING 73. IN SEARCH OF ALCOHOLISM GENES 7 74. COCAINE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT: SINKING AND RECOVERING 75. METHAMPHETAMINE: A POWERFUL DEPENDENCE 76. CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HALLUCINATIONS: STUDIES OF ANESTHETIC DRUGS 77. MISUSE OF RITALIN AND OTHER STIMULANT DRUGS 78. ADDICTION TO PAINKILLERS 79. ADDICTION TO CANNABIS 80. CANNABIS AND THE BRAIN 81. IS CANNABIS AN ENTRY DRUG? 82. THE MEDICAL USE OF MARIJUANA Behavioral Addictions 83. POOR SELF-CONTROL AND THE BRAIN: THE RESEARCH OF NORA VOLKOW 84. GAMBLING DISORDER AND THE BRAIN’S PLEASURE CENTER 85. GAMBLING DISORDER AND SLOT MACHINES: BIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL? 86. INTERNET ADDICTION: A CROSS-CULTURAL PHENOMENON 87. ADDICTVE GAME PLAYING 88. SEX ADDICTION: FACT OR FICTION? Sexual Disorders 89. ATTITUDES TOWARD CASUAL SEX: DO MEN AND WOMEN DIFFER? 8 90. THE DEVELOPMENT, USE, AND MISUSE OF VIAGRA Gender Dysphoria 91. THE BOY WHO WAS TURNED INTO A GIRL 92. RENEE RICHARDS: A LONG JOURNEY Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders 93. WOMAN WITH HALLUCINATIONS 94. YOUNG MAN WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 95. CAN CANNABIS USE TRIGGER SCHIZOPHRENIA? 96. POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS: WHY DID ANDREA YATES KILL HER FIVE CHILDREN? Treatments for Schizophrenia and Other Severe Mental Disorders 97. PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY, 1944 98. OVERCOMING SCHIZOPHRENIA: JOHN NASH’S BEAUTIFUL MIND 99. SEVERE MENTAL DISORDERS AND DRUG ABUSE: THE SO-CALLED “WILD MAN OF WEST 96TH STREET” Personality Disorders 100. PERSONALITY AND THE BRAIN 101. DO VIDEO GAMES TEACH PEOPLE TO BE VIOLENT? 102. RAGE: ONE MAN’S STORY AND TREATMENT 103. PSYCHOPATHY AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR 9 104. BIOLOGICAL ROOTS OF SOCIOPATHY: AN INSIDER’S VIEW 105. PSYCHOLOGY OF AN ASSASSIN: THE SHOOTING OF ARIZONA CONGRESSWOMAN GABBY GIFFORDS 106. PSYCHOLOGY OF A SERIAL KILLER: ANGEL OF DEATH Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence 107. THEORY OF MIND: TAKING THE PERSPECTIVE OF OTHERS 108. PARENTAL DEATH AND YOUNG CHILDREN: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT 109. SELECTIVE MUTISM 110. GIRLS BULLYING GIRLS 111. CANNABIS USE AND MEMORY EFFECTS: ANIMAL RESEARCH AND IMPLICATIONS Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ADHD 112. ADHD: THE CASE OF LIAM 113. MEDICATING ADHD: LIAM 5 YEARS LATER Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Autism Spectrum Disorder 114. TWO FACES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER 115. AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: A DIFFERENT PATTERN 116. CURRENT RESEARCH INTO AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER 117. DOES THE MMR VACCINE CAUSE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER? 118. DR. IVAR LOVAAS TREATS A YOUNG AUTISTIC CHILD WITH BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION 119. APPS FOR AUTISM: THE USE OF iPADS 10 120. AUTISTIC PRODIGY Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders 121. READING AND READING DISORDERS: SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDERS 122. TOURETTES DISORDER AND MUSIC 123. DOWN SYNDROME, INTIMACY, AND MARRIAGE Disorders of Aging 124. COMPANIONSHIP AND SUPPORT: PETS FILL THE VOID 125. OLD AGE: LEARNING AND MOVING AT THE SAME TIME Neurocognitive Disorders 126. LIVING WITHOUT MEMORY 127. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A CASE, RESEARCH, AND NEW DIRECTIONS 128. PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A CASE STUDY 129. BLOWS TO THE BRAIN: FROM COMBAT TO FOOTBALL Law, Society, and the Mental Health Profession 130. OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT: FORCING PERSONS INTO MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT 131. JAILING THE MENTALLY ILL 132. WHEN TREATMENT LEADS TO EXECUTION: MENTAL HEALTH AND THE LAW 11 12 Video 1 *BENJAMIN RUSH’S “RESTRAINT CHAIR” Length: 2:25 minutes Source: Madness: Brainwaves (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: Although Benjamin Rush, widely considered the father of American Psychiatry, came to believe in and practice moral treatment in the early 1800s, many of his prior treatments reflected contemporary medical thought and would be judged quite harshly by today’s standards. A case in point was his famous “restraint chair,” presented in this video. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Benjamin Rush’s Moral Treatments 13 Video 2 CARL JUNG TALKS ABOUT FREUD, LIFE, AND THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS Length: 4:45 minutes Source: “Professor Jung” Face to Face (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video presents a rare and frank interview with Carl Jung, the founder of analytical psychology. Jung reflects on his long-time friendship with Sigmund Freud. He offers a frank assessment of Freud’s stubbornness and the two men’s significant philosophical differences, which ultimately led to a professional and personal split between them. Jung also addresses the interaction of his spiritual and scientific beliefs, offering his views on the psyche as an entity existing beyond life and death, beyond time and space. 14 Video 3 *MEDICAL PROCEDURES USED IN MENTAL HOSPITALS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Length: 4:45 minutes Source: Treatment in Mental Disorders, 1949 (James D. Page); Prefrontal Lobotomy In The Treatment of Mental Disorders, 1942 (Walter Freeman And James Watts). Courtesy: History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine. Description: The medical treatments used in mental hospitals during the first half of the twentieth century were crude, largely ineffective, and often unintentionally cruel. Some of the leading approaches are shown in this video, including the wet pack, insulin therapy, metrazol therapy, and the lobotomy. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Early Hospital Treatments for Severe Mental Disorders 15 Video 4 *LOCKING AWAY THE “FEEBLEMINDED”: A SHAMEFUL HISTORY Length: 7:55 minutes Source: “Deep Dark Secret” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video depicts the Fernald School, an institution for "feebleminded" boys existing in the 1920s, which was, in fact, part of the American eugenics movement. It also shows interviews with former residents who recall severe abuse and mistreatment, and it discusses the lasting impact of an incorrect diagnosis of "moron." As you will see in the video, evidence has come to light that involuntary experiments were conducted on the boys in past decades. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Shameful Past Institutions for Persons with Intellectual Disability or Other Developmental Disabilities 16 Video 5 *ETHICS IN HUMAN RESEARCH: VIOLATING ONE’S PRIVACY? Length: 7:00 minutes Source: “Genes” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video explores a nationwide genetic research project conducted in Iceland that attempts to identify genes that may predispose individuals for certain disorders. The researcher in charge was given the right to collect and analyze the private medical records of all Icelandic citizens. The video explores the ethical concerns and potential misuses of such information, while also considering the benefits that genetic research may provide. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Genetic Research: Violating One’s Privacy? 17 Video 6 *DEATH OF A SUBJECT: THE ETHICS OF MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH Length: 4:00 minutes Source: “Ultimate Risk: Here to Help” 48 Hours (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on the case of a man with schizophrenia who died after participating in an experimental drug trial at an inpatient treatment facility. The man’s background is examined, and his ability to make decisions relating to his own treatment is examined. The video raises questions about the ethics of research using patients with severe mental disorders for experimental drug trials and explores the implications of such practices for the patients and their families. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: A Tragic Consequence of Research Misconduct 18 Video 7 *A LABORATORY STUDY: LINKING PLACEBO EFFECTS TO ENDORPHINS Length: 3:15 minutes Source: The Keys to Paradise (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video shows an experiment with human subjects whose findings suggest that the effectiveness of placebo drugs is partly a result of the patients' release of endorphins, their natural opioids. The implication is that, for some people, the expectation that a given treatment will soon be helpful causes them, without awareness, to release endorphins throughout their brain and body. In turn, the endorphins reduce their pain or help them to feel better in other ways. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Experimental Design in Action 19 Video 8 *STUDYING IDENTICAL TWINS: NATURE VERSUS NURTURE Length: 1:45 minutes Source: “In the Genes” 48 Hours (CBS News) Description: This video shows two identical twins who were separated at birth, unaware of the other’s existence until adulthood. The two exhibit very similar personalities, mannerisms, interests, hobbies, and physical appearance (though one is heavier than the other). Also, both twins independently went into the same profession, firefighting. As the video suggests, genes may play a significant role in people’s physical, emotional, social, and mental development. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Separated at Birth: Nature Versus Nurture 20 Video 9 THE UNCONSCIOUS: MODERN VIEWS Length: 5:30 minutes Source: “Out of Control” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video explores the role of the unconscious in shaping people’s experience of life, focusing especially on the part it plays in optimism about the future. The video demonstrates the research of Dr. Tali Sharot of University College, London, into the question of why human beings so often ignore the risks and possible negative outcomes of their behaviors. Through experiments involving brain scans, Sharot demonstrates that humans have a tendency to unconsciously disregard and even forget negative information – such as a higher than expected likelihood of experiencing cancer during one’s lifetime – yet to embrace positive information. Sharot suggests that people unconsciously view the future in an overly optimistic manner as a way of regulating stress and anxiety and also as a motivation to work hard to achieve goals even without the total assurance of success. 21 Video 10 *BANDURA’S BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT: MODELING OF AGGRESSION Length: 5:00 minutes Source: Albert Bandura, Stanford University, and Worth Publishers Description: Does an individual’s observation of aggressive or violent models of behavior lead, in turn, to aggressive or violent behavior by the individual? Yes, according to this famous study by Albert Bandura, which lead him to develop his behavioral theory of modeling. As you will see in this video, narrated by Bandura himself, children in the study attack a Bobo doll after observing an adult model do the same. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Bandura’s Bobo Doll: Is Aggressive Behavior Learned? 22 Video 11 DR. AARON BECK UNCOVERS THE COGNITIONS OF A DEPRESSED CLIENT Length: 4:00 minutes Source: Cognitive Therapy of Depression, 1977 (Dr. Aaron Beck, The Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research) Description: In this video Aaron Beck, originator of cognitive therapy, conducts an interview with a depressed woman (played by an actress). During the interview, Beck discusses the woman’s current situation with her, points out her cognitive reactions to it, and helps her begin to examine her thinking. 23 Video 12 JOHN AND JULIE GOTTMAN EXAMINE MARITAL AND FAMILY STRESS Length: 7:15 minutes Source: CBS Early Show, CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: In this video, psychologists John Gottman and Julie Schwartz Gottman demonstrate their research on relationships, and also discuss how couples can maintain romance in their relationship after having children. The Gottmans illustrate the pitfalls many couples face, and clarify the pressures that growing families can place on couple relationships. Finally, the researchers show "the Love Lab," a research facility they have set up to look like a typical house or apartment. Couples participating in a research are monitored while fighting or relating to each other, and corresponding brain scans are examined. 24 Video 13 DO SOCIAL FORCES CAUSE ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR? REPLICATING THE MILGRAM STUDY Length: 8:00 minutes Source: “The Truth About Violence” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video looks at Stanley Milgram’s famous research on obedience to authority, the results of which were published in 1963. The video features a recreation of Milgram’s study overseen by social psychologist Clifford Stott. Twelve people participate in what they are told is an important experiment on memory, not realizing that the experimenter and their fellow subject are actually actors. Each actual subject is assigned the role of “teacher” and told to test his or her fellow subject’s memory. They are instructed to give an increasingly large electric shock to the other person for each wrong answer, though no shocks are actually administered and the “screams” of the other person are pre-recorded. Nine of the twelve participants increase the dosage all the way up to a fatal 450 volts, despite serious misgivings and attempts to stop. Interviewed after the experiment, those who continued to the end say that they were feeling stressed but were swayed by the fake experimenter’s insistence that they had no choice but to continue, although at least one such individual concedes that he knew that he and not the experimenter was ultimately responsible. 25 Video 14 *CITY OF GHEEL: COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH AT ITS BEST Length: 7:15 minutes Source: “All in the Family” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on the community of Gheel, Belgium, in which over 650 psychiatric patients live with and are cared for by local families. The progress of the patients is examined, and it is noted that many patients require lower levels of medication as a result of participation in family-care. The video also explores how the family-care system impacts the rest of the community. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: City of Gheel: Community Mental Health in Action 26 Video 15 CLINICIANS TRY TO IDENTIFY NORMALCY Length: 7:45 minutes Source: “How Mad Are You?” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video shows an exploration into just how accurate mental health experts are at assessing who is normal when they are only able to observe individuals being tested or in group activities. Three well-respected mental health professionals – psychiatrist Michael First of Columbia University, Ian Hewlett of England’s Royal College of Nursing, and Richard Bentall of Bangor University – are asked to watch ten volunteers undergo detailed psychological tests and evaluations. They are told five of the subjects have a disorder, and five do not. In the video the experts, who have not had a chance to directly interview these subjects, guess incorrectly twice about one woman, first mistakenly believing she has no disorder, then later guessing that she has bipolar disorder. She later reveals that she has in fact suffered from depression. The demonstration is inspired in part by the famous Rosenhan study, published in 1973, and raises related questions. 27 Video 16 GENETIC TESTING: DO PEOPLE NEED TO KNOW? Length: 7:50 minutes Source: “Need To Know” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video examines the issue of genetic testing, and particularly the question of whether people want to know about their odds of later developing significant psychological or medical disorders if there is no known cure. Many people seem to want to have the information, even if the news is not good. Dr. Robert Green of Brigham and Women’s Hospital describes research that shows that among subjects who requested a test for predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease, no significant differences were found in the reactions between people who received good news and those who received bad news, suggesting that those who want to know are able to handle the answers. Dr. J. William Harbour of the Bascom Palmer eye institute discusses a genetic test available to eye cancer patients that in effect lets them know if their cancer is likely to be terminal. He says that many choose to take the test, and in the video several patients who choose to take the test offer their reasons for wanting to know their chances. Also in the video, a woman whose mother died of Huntington’s disease chooses to test herself for the genetic marker. Doctors and scientists in the video speculate that perhaps in the future such genetic information will be an automatic part of everyone’s medical profile. 28 Video 17 *ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOPATHY Length: 3:55 minutes Source: The Mind, Second Edition (Thirteen, WNET, and Worth Publishers) Description: This video offers a clinical picture of psychopathy (sociopathy) and demonstrates a leading tool for assessing this antisocial pattern. The video focuses on the work of Robert Hare and on the “Hare Psychopathy Checklist,” and further considers how well clinicians can predict criminal behavior or violent behavior. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Assessing Psychopathy 29 Video 18 *BRAIN FINGERPRINTING: MEMORY, RECOGNITION, AND LIE DETECTION Length: 5:00 minutes Source: “Brain Fingerprinting” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video examines the technique of brain fingerprinting, which determines whether or not information is stored in the brain by measuring electrical brain waves. Researchers believe that brain waves can reveal whether information is present even when an individual may want to keep it hidden. The video presents a case in which brain fingerprinting was used to determine whether or not an accused man had information about the details of a past crime. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: “Brain Fingerprinting”: Detecting Hidden Thoughts 30 Video 19 AVATARS ONLINE: A NEW DIRECTION IN PSYCHOTHERAPY? Length: 3:20 minutes Source: CBS Evening News (CBS News) Description: This video explores an Internet-based treatment approach that is helping to change the outlook for people with agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder. Focusing on the case of Patricia, an agoraphobic woman who was once fearful of leaving her house, the video shows how developing an “avatar” on an online virtual world enabled her to expose herself to activities she had feared previously. Patricia’s agoraphobia has improved greatly with this approach. The video also shows a psychotherapist who interacts online with patients via his own avatar. 31 Video 20 WATSON’S FAMOUS STUDY: LITTLE ALBERT Length: 3:00 minutes Source: Distributed Exclusively By Penn State Media Sales On Behalf Of The Archives Of The History Of American Psychology. Description: This video contains footage of the famous 1920 study of Little Albert, in which behaviorists John Watson and Rosalie Rayner taught a baby boy to fear white rats. The video has three parts: (1) The baby reacts comfortably prior to the study when confronted by animals, including a rat; (2) The baby reacts fearfully to a white rat after undergoing classical conditioning; (3) The baby’s conditioned fear of rats generalizes to similar objects such as other animals, a fur coat, and a mask. 32 Video 21 SPECIFIC PHOBIAS, PANIC DISORDER, AND SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER: 3 CASES Length: 2:10 minutes Source: “Phobias” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video presents three cases, displaying specific phobias, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder; this video also shows how research into such anxiety disorders is pointing the way toward better treatments. A woman with panic disorder describes the fear associated with her panic episodes. A woman with an elevator phobia describes the great lengths she’s gone to in order to avoid elevators and how therapy has enabled her to now ride in elevators. A woman with social anxiety disorder describes her terrible fear of social situations. Dennis Charney of Mount Sinai hospital uses brain scans to demonstrate the biological roots of anxiety disorders, including unusual activity of the amygdala and cerebral cortex. 33 Video 22 AGORAPHOBIA Length: 1:55 minutes Source: “Phobias” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video presents a case study of agoraphobia. A composer, pianist, and music professor discusses his agoraphobia. He describes the discomfort he experiences whenever he’s taken out of comfort zones and his fears of various settings, such as elevators, airplanes, and cars. He also addresses the negative impact his disorder has had on his functioning. He discusses his belief that his early family situation – a father with phobias and an institutionalized twin sister – was a trigger for his disorder. He also describes how medication and therapy have helped him conquer his fears. 34 Video 23 SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY: A CASE STUDY Length: 8:00 minutes Source: Trust Me, I’m a Doctor (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video presents the case of a woman who suffers from social anxiety disorder, and demonstrates the course of cognitive-behavioral therapy she undergoes. A classical guitarist, she has developed anxiety that is so severe she is unable to perform. She describes the terror she associates with performing and the fear of judgment. She undergoes sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy in which she rates her anxiety and is confronted with the inaccuracy of many of her thoughts, such as her expectation that she can please every single audience member. She is also taught to replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts, such as reminding herself how well she has prepared for the performance. She then performs several times in the video, first for an audience of one that is not paying close attention, then for her therapist, and finally at a concert in front of a full audience, which goes very well. 35 Video 24 *OVERCOMING A DOG PHOBIA Length: 8:00 minutes Source: Phobias (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video shows the case of Danny, a 10-year-old boy who suffers from a severe fear of dogs. The video shows how his fear of dogs affects his life, as he is unable to walk to school without his mother’s help or visit friends’ houses. During the video, he undergoes a course of behavioral exposure therapy, and within a few sessions is able to play happily with dogs, his phobia overcome. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Overcoming a Dog Phobia 36 Video 25 EXPOSURE TREATMENT FOR AN ELEVATOR PHOBIA Length: 2:15 minutes Source: “Phobias” 48 Hours (CBS News) Description: This video features a man who has an intense fear of elevators. In the video he attempts to overcome his phobia with behavioral exposure therapy, by confronting the situation (elevator riding) that he dreads. A therapist treats the man with a combination of exposure, group support, and relaxation techniques, and ultimately he successfully rides an elevator and displays significant improvement. 37 Video 26 *OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER: A YOUNG MOTHER’S STRUGGLE Length: 7:15 minutes Source: “Who’s Normal Anyway?” Obsessions (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video focuses on the numerous and intense symptoms of a woman with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her obsessive fears and compulsive behaviors are tied in particular to her young son and to her concerns for his safety from contamination. The video shows the woman carrying out extreme, ritualized behavior. She discusses the negative impact her compulsions have had on her life and her ability to parent her child. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: The Impact of Obsessions and Compulsions 38 Video 27 TREATMENT OF OCD: EXPOSURE AND RESPONSE PREVENTION Length: 7:15 minutes Source: "Who’s Normal Anyway?" Obsessions (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: Following up on the previous video (Video 26), this video features the treatment intervention for the woman with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her obsessive fears and compulsive behaviors are tied in particular to her young son and to her concerns for his safety from contamination. The video shows a powerful session of exposure and response prevention treatment. By the end of treatment the woman displays significant improvement. 39 Video 28 *BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER: BEYOND PERFECTION Length: 4:35 minutes Source: “Seeking Perfection” Obsessions (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video case focuses on a woman who suffers from body dysmorphic disorder, now listed as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder in DSM-5. She perceives her normal facial skin as horribly disfigured. This distorted body image severely impairs her personal and professional life. The case also focuses on how her concerns have unfolded since her adolescence. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Body Dysmorphic Disorder: An Obsessive-Compulsive-Related Disorder 40 Video 29 *HOARDING: A LIFE OF CLUTTER Length: 7:00 minutes Source: “Who’s Normal Anyway?” Obsessions (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: Hoarding disorder has been added as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder In DSM-5. This video focuses on the symptoms of and treatment for two individuals who are unable to throw away any possessions, a behavioral pattern that has caused them to become extremely uncomfortable in their own homes. In the video, psychologists examine the possible roots of this dysfunctional pattern. The clip also features a treatment session. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Hoarding: A Life of Clutter 41 Video 30 *TRICHOTILLOMANIA: PULLING OUT ONE’S HAIR Length: 6:15 minutes Source: “Who’s Normal Anyway?” Obsessions (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: DSM-5 lists trichotillomania as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder. Focusing on a young woman with this disorder, this video explores the nature, causes, and treatments of trichotillomania, a disorder in which individuals repeatedly pull out their hair. The video also shows the young woman undergoing an intervention which seems to result in significant improvement. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Trichotillomania: Pulling Out One’s Hair 42 Video 31 *FIGHT OR FLIGHT: MEASURING STRESS WHILE RUNNING WITH THE BULLS Length: 4:25 minutes Source: “Born to Survive” Human Instinct (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video features the running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain, which continues to be a popular event despite the fact that many persons have been gored or even killed since its inception. In particular, the clip focuses on one man who is running with the bulls. His physiological reactions – including heart rate and cortisol levels – are monitored before, during, and after his participation. The nature of the body’s fight-orflight response to danger is also featured. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Fight-Or-Flight: How Stress Affects Psychological and Bodily Functioning 43 Video 32 THE STRESS-CORTISOL CONNECTION: NOT FOR ADULTS ONLY Length: 3:30 minutes Source: “Hormone Heaven” Body Chemistry (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video examines childhood stress and also demonstrates research into the link between childhood stress and the hormone cortisol. It shows a study by Marilyn Essex in which children’s cortisol levels are measured during stressful situations. The children meet a stranger who makes them feel stressed, resulting in differing levels of stress and of cortisol production. The study suggests that those with higher cortisol levels withdraw, while those with lower levels are friendly and talkative. This suggests that cortisol may negatively affect health and other physical and emotional conditions. 44 Video 33 STRESS, SLEEP DEPRIVATION, AND AGGRESSION Length: 4:40 minutes Source: “How Violent Are You?” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video demonstrates the effects that sleep deprivation and stress have on personality, particularly on aggression and anger. A normally calm man spends three days in a lab setting where he must care for “twin babies” – in actuality dolls that cry very loudly like normal babies. As the babies’ crying keeps him awake and demands his attention, the man begins to feel increasing anger, resentment, and even unwarranted suspicion toward those running the demonstration. After 60 hours without sleep he describes how his personality was altered, experiencing aggression and anger that are totally out of his normal character. 45 Video 34 *POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: A COMBAT VETERAN Length: 3:55 minutes Source: “In the Heat of the Moment” Brain Story (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video focuses on a Vietnam veteran who suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder, which affects his family, personal, and professional life. We see footage that conveys the intensity and anxiety-arousing nature of his combat experience. The video also features specific symptoms of the disorder and details how flashbacks and persistent watchfulness impede daily functioning. The segment includes the work of the PTSD researcher Douglas Bremner. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: One Man’s Return from Combat 46 Video 35 FEAR, PTSD, AND THE BRAIN Length: 4:00 minutes Source: “In the Heat of the Moment” Brain Story (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: Focusing on Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD, this video features research into the underlying physiological factors at work in the disorder. Brain scans of a PTSD sufferer as he is exposed to images of war reveal that the hippocampus, a brain region implicated in the function of memory, operates abnormally in individuals with PTSD. This suggests that this brain area may be partly responsible for the unusual patterns of anxiety and fear on display. The work of PTSD researcher Douglas Bremner is featured in this video. 47 Video 36 INHERITING PTSD: THE GHOST IN YOUR GENES Length: 6:40 minutes Source: “The Ghost in Your Genes” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video examines the possibility that abnormal stress responses can be passed down from generation to generation through genetics. It shows the work of Rachel Yehuda of Mount Sinai Hospital, whose research determined that the children of holocaust sufferers experienced elevated levels of stress themselves, and Jonathan Seckl of Edinburgh University, whose work with pregnant rats shows that stress genes can be passed down through generations. Both Yehuda and Seckl describe their research post 9/11 into women who were pregnant and at the site of the World Trade Center on that day. They found that pregnant 9/11 survivors who experienced PTSD actually gave birth to infants with abnormal cortisol levels, which is associated with stress disorders. It will not be known until the children born to pregnant 9/11 survivors begin to have children themselves, years from now, whether this genetic memory of stress is passed to subsequent generations. 48 Video 37 DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA VERSUS ORGANIC AMNESIA Length: 7:55 minutes Source: “Exploring the Science of Amnesia” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video looks at two different cases of amnesia – one dissociative and one organic – as well as ongoing research into the nature of memory loss. The video presents the case of a woman who experienced the type of dissociative amnesia known as dissociative fugue, in which she woke up 600 miles away from where she last remembered being, with no idea how she got there or who she was. There was nothing wrong with her brain functioning, yet her autobiographical memory was greatly affected. The woman describes her experience, the fear she felt, and her work with psychiatrist Colin Ross to regain her memories. She insists she had no control over the fugue and did not intend it, despite a difficult life situation. Researchers Larry Squire and Jacopo Annese of the Brain Observatory of the University of California San Diego discuss the famous case of the recently deceased Henry Molaison (H.M.), whose brain seizure surgery in the 1950s left him unable to form new memories. Neurologist Robert Burton expresses his skepticism that people can truly experience dissociative amnesia while maintaining a high level of general brain function. 49 Video 38 IS DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER A REAL DISORDER? Length: 5:00 minutes Source: “Multiple Personality Disorder” (CBS News) Description: This video examines the debate in the mental health field surrounding dissociative identity disorder, the DSM-5 disorder in which people develop multiple personalities. Richard Kluft, a psychiatrist at Temple University Medical School, makes the case that the disorder is not only real but prevalent, suggesting there may be millions of sufferers, most undiagnosed. Paul McHugh of Johns Hopkins takes the opposite view, expressing his belief that dissociative identity disorder is not real, and that all cases are actually caused by the attention of therapists or patients’ attempts to gain attention from their therapists. Former NFL star Herschel Walker describes his own multiple personalities and denounces therapists who cast doubt on the disorder. A woman who sued her therapist for convincing her she had the disorder also appears in the video. 50 Video 39 *THREE FACES OF EVE: THE REAL PERSON Length: 4:50 minutes Source: “The Real Three Faces of Eve,” 1957 (Chris Sizemore and The Jerry Naylor Co. LLC) Description: Most people have read the book or seen the feature film The Three Faces of Eve, or at least heard about this famous case. However, few have actually observed the woman who suffered from this disorder. In this video — a filmed interview conducted by her therapist a half century ago — we see Eve’s three subpersonalities discussing their views and behaviors and displaying different patterns of speech, gestures, body language, and experiences. It is worth noting that, as it turned out, this woman also experienced many other personalities beyond those on display in this interview or in the case study. Moreover, she later recovered fully. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Three Faces of Eve: The Real Person 51 Video 40 *CREATING FALSE MEMORIES: A LABORATORY STUDY Length: 4:45 minutes Source: “False Memories” Tomorrow’s World (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video demonstrates an experiment into the nature of memory, and shows how false memories can be introduced into a normal person’s recollection. In the experiment shown in the video, subjects are shown and questioned about photographs from their childhood, including one photograph doctored to show an event (a hot air balloon ride) the subject never really experienced. After a week, half of the subjects actually believe that they can recall the experience of the hot air balloon ride. This video shows how subjective and often unreliable memory can be, and how easily it can be manipulated. The video features a research follow-up to the work of Elizabeth Loftus, and includes work by Maryanne Garry and Kimberley Wade. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Repressed Memories or False Memories? 52 Video 41 HYPOCHONDRIASIS BECOMES ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER Length: 3:10 minutes Source: “Hypochondria” (CBS News) Description: This video explores the clinical picture and treatment of hypochondriasis, a pattern that can be identified in either of two new DSM-5 categories ―”somatic symptom disorder” and “illness anxiety disorder.” A woman who has suffered for years from this pattern describes the extreme fear, anxiety, and self-absorption she has experienced. Both she and her primary care doctor describe his blunt assessment of her disorder. Psychiatrist Arthur Barsky of Brigham and Women’s Hospital describes the importance of taking this problem seriously, noting that it is a real disorder with a biological brain component, and points out that the physical symptoms and distress sufferers feel is very real, even if they are do not have the physical maladies they believe they do. He describes the importance of positive thinking and psychological treatment in relieving both the anxiety and physical symptoms associated with the pattern. 53 Video 42 HOW DOES ANXIETY AFFECT PAIN? Length: 4:20 minutes Source: “The Secret World of Pain” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video looks at the effect that emotions, particularly anxiety, have on how people experience pain. The video shows the research of Professor Irene Tracey of the University of Oxford. Tracey uses brain scans to understand which key brain areas are involved in the processing of pain, and also how anxiety can amplify the experience of pain. In experiments, subjects are repeatedly shown a triangle shape before experiencing a mild burning stimulus, and they report a moderate level of pain. They are then shown a square before repeatedly experiencing a more intense burn stimulus, and they report a higher level of pain. Later, the subjects are shown the square, but receive the milder burn stimulus, and they tend to report higher levels of pain than earlier when exposed to the same stimulus. This demonstrates the key role anxiety can play in intensifying people’s experience of pain, and, as such, it may have implications for two DSM-5 disorders―somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder. 54 Video 43 *COPING WITH PAIN Length: 5:40 minutes Source: “Pain” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: Significant pain can be produced by medical problems of various kinds. Coping effectively with pain has become a major treatment focus. In fact, according to DSM-5, certain persons whose pain problems bring them excessive and disproportionate psychological upset and dysfunction may qualify for a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder. This video focuses on the experience of pain and on the development of acute pain and treatment methods. It shows research at the Pain Management Center of UCSF into the psychological and physical effects of undertreating acute pain. Comprehensive treatment of pain is also discussed. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Coping with Pain 55 Video 44 HYPNOSIS: MEDICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Length: 5:20 minutes Source: “Hypnosis” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video examines the use and effectiveness of hypnosis in medical settings. It explores the use of hypnosis as a relaxation treatment technique. Research shown in the video demonstrates that medical procedures in which hypnosis is applied often work faster, are more comfortable for patients, and result in fewer side effects. New hypnosis methods such as virtual reality hypnosis are also explored. 56 Video 45 *STRESS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: CARETAKERS AT RISK Length: 3:15 minutes Source: “Mind Over Body” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video examines the relationship between caretaking (specifically, caring for family members with a major neurocognitive disorder), stress, and health. The video focuses on a man who cares for his wife with Alzheimer’s disease and presents the emotional and physical toll that chronic stress takes on him and on other such individuals. Finally, a study by Janice Kiecolt Glaser and Ronald Glaser is presented, providing evidence that long-term stress can lower the human body’s immune response. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Caretaking: The Physical Toll 57 Video 46 *FIGHTING CANCER: MOBILIZING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Length: 6:35 minutes Source: “Mind Over Body” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: Medical illnesses are of interest to clinical psychologists on two fronts. One, stress can worsen or help produce medical problems. Two, according to DSM-5, people who overreact psychologically to somatic symptoms ― even ones with clear medical causes ― may qualify for a diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder. This video focuses on the use of certain interventions to help cancer patients cope with the physical and psychological impact of their illness and of their chemotherapy. The video also features research on such interventions, including findings that cancer patients who receive the interventions tend to survive longer. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Can Cancer Patients Suffer from Somatic Symptom Disorder? 58 Video 47 *SLEEP AND SLEEPLESSNESS: THE CURRENT SCENE Length: 5:45 minutes Source: “Sleepless in America” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video explores research into the sleep patterns and problems of people today and examines the question of how much sleep people need. Research presented in the video suggests that sleep disorders affect the body as well as the mind. The video also highlights a study of sleep patterns in certain animals and discusses its usefulness for understanding disorders of sleep control in humans. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Sleep Deprivation: The Current Scene 59 Video 48 CHRONIC NIGHTMARES Length: 5:20 minutes Source: “Your Worst Nightmare” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video looks at the impact of chronic nightmares, presenting both the experiences of those who suffer from them and ongoing research into how to treat them. Several sufferers describe the truly horrifying events of their nightmares, but surprisingly say they would prefer to keep experiencing them rather than be cured. Dr. Antonio Zagra of the University of Montreal discusses his research into the subject of nightmares, a pursuit that was inspired by a nightmare he experienced as a young man. Dr. Ross Levin, a psychologist who specializes in sleep disorders, describes his treatment of patients who suffer from chronic nightmares. He says that by visualizing happier outcomes for their nightmares while awake, his patients are actually able to stop experiencing terrible events in their dreams. Another psychologist, Dr. Maxine Gann, on the other hand, describes her emphasis on understanding deeper meanings behind nightmares as the key to her treatment of patients with nightmares. 60 Video 49 *THE SEARCH FOR HAPPINESS Length: 6:15 minutes Source: “The Pursuit of Happiness” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video explores the concept of happiness and the human perception of it. It considers how the definition of happiness has changed over the years, from religious devotion to suffering to the current American emphasis on "the pursuit of happiness." The video further looks at an elderly couple who find happiness in devoting their lives to caring for animals. The segment also focuses on research into how people can learn to accept the happiness that is available in their own lives rather than yearn for a level of happiness that is unrealistic. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Seeking Happiness: To Each His Own 61 Video 50 *PARENTAL ATTACHMENT IN INFANCY: HARRY HARLOW AND THE “WIRE MOTHER” Length: 7:00 minutes Source: Conquest: Mother Love (CBS News) Description: In this classic 1960 footage, famous researcher Harry Harlow demonstrates how his work with rhesus monkeys sheds light on the development of attachment and "mother love". Harlow conducts experiments in which monkeys who have been raised with an artificial mother made out of wire, which provides milk, nevertheless turn to artificial mothers made of cloth in times of distress or in unfamiliar surroundings. Harlow exposes the monkeys to frightening artificial robot threats, and finds that there is an innate craving by the monkeys for soft tactile comforting touch – touch that cannot be provided by a "wire mother," even one that has been solely responsible for the nursing of the monkeys. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: “Wire Mothers” and Attachment: Harlow’s Monkeys 62 Video 51 *PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A CASE STUDY Length: 8:35 minutes Source: Black Dog: A Depression Tale (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: DSM-5 has added the category "persistent depressive disorder" for individuals whose depression is chronic ― either in severe or mild form (the latter called dysthymic disorder). The young man in this video seems to display a severe form of the disorder. The video takes an in-depth look at the impact of symptoms of clinical depression on his life. It shows the man’s physical and psychological state through a series of interactions, interviews, and personal video diary segments that take place over an extended period. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Persistent Depressive Disorder 63 Video 52 POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION Length: 6:00 minutes Source: CBS Weekend Early News; CBS Early Show (CBS News) Description: This video explores postpartum depression. Women who previously suffered from postpartum depression and their husbands discuss the feelings they experienced following the birth of their children. The video also profiles one woman who experienced severe postpartum depression, showing how she was helped by new assessment tools and treatment techniques. 64 Video 53 *DISRUPTIVE MOOD DYSREGULATION DISORDER (CHILD BIPOLAR DISORDER) Length: 2:45 minutes Source: Bipolar Children Misdiagnosed” CBS Evening News (CBS News) Description: During the past decade, the number of children diagnosed with child bipolar disorder has increased enormously. Some clinicians think this is an appropriate trend and believe that bipolar disorder is in fact underdiagnosed among children. In contrast, others believe that the diagnosis should not be applied to young children, and, in fact, DSM-5 now lists a new diagnosis called “disruptive mood dysregulation disorder,” which, it says, should be applied to children rather than bipolar disorder. This video shows the case of 4-year-old whose severe rages have led to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. The video also examines the controversy about applying that diagnosis to young children and then treating them with medications that have not been tested empirically on children that young. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: “Child Bipolar Disorder” Versus “Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder” 65 Video 54 DR. AARON BECK CONDUCTS COGNITIVE THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION Length: 6:00 minutes Source: Cognitive Therapy of Depression, 1977 (Dr. Aaron Beck, The Beck Institute For Cognitive Therapy And Research) Description: In this video Aaron Beck treats the depressed woman (played by an actress) that he interviewed in Video 11. Demonstrating cognitive therapy, Dr. Beck helps the client identify the precise thoughts, illogical thinking processes, and maladaptive attitudes that are helping to cause her depression, and he helps her challenge these thoughts and interpretations. 66 Video 55 THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF SSRIs Length: 2:50 minutes Source: “Pill Poppers” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video describes the history of the development and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of depression. The video demonstrates, through interviews with researchers and practitioners, how breakthroughs in the understanding of serotonin’s role in depression led to the development of these antidepressants, which became very popular in the early 1990s. These medications had fewer side effects than previous antidepressants, and also removed some of the stigma from depression, which encouraged more people to seek help. However, some of the clinical theorists interviewed feel that over the course of the last twenty years, the popularity of these drugs has led to their being overprescribed and to the over-diagnosing of depression. It also has emerged that these medications may increase suicidal behavior and thoughts in some people. 67 Video 56 *QUESTIONING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS Length: 6:45 minutes Source: “Treating Depression,” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video explores emerging research that suggests that antidepressants may actually have no effect on most cases of mild or moderate depression and may be successful primarily through the placebo effect. Irving Kirsch of Harvard University shows how his research into placebo effects and depression led him to this surprising conclusion, which he says was verified by examining drug studies that pharmaceutical companies chose not to publish. Walter Brown of Brown University and Tim Kendall, director of England’s National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, agree with Kirsch’s view that antidepressants have little effect on depression except in the most severe cases. Kendall describes how in Great Britain, the National Health Service has already dramatically altered the guidelines for antidepressant prescriptions, reserving prescriptions for the most severe cases and focusing on talk therapy and exercise for mild to moderate cases. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: How Helpful Are Antidepressant Medications? 68 Video 57 *ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY Length: 1:40 minutes Source: Madness: Brainwaves (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video illustrates what ECT is like today, including the use of medication to help persons sleep through the procedure, muscle relaxants to reduce bodily thrashing, and oxygen, and the consequent reduction of the overt symptoms of the seizure produced by ECT. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: ECT: Effective and Frightening 69 Video 58 BRAIN AREA 25, DEPRESSION, AND DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION Length: 7:30 minutes Source: “Area 25” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video presents a potential breakthrough in the understanding of depression, and offers a look at the intervention called deep brain stimulation. Following the case of a severely depressed woman, the video focuses on the brain area known as Area 25 that is believed by some clinical researchers to be closely linked to depression. The woman receives deep brain stimulation as part of a study led by neurologist Helen Mayberg and neurosurgeon Andreas Lozano in Toronto. The treatment procedure and initial follow-up do not produce immediate improvements, but after several months and treatment adjustments, the woman does improve significantly. 70 Video 59 LAUGHTER CLUBS Length: 4:20 minutes Source: “No Laughing Matter” CBS Early Show (CBS News) Description: This video looks at the benefits – physical and psychological – of laughter. The video examines the trend of “laughter yoga” and “laughter clubs,” which were initially based on the research of Dr. Madan Kataria in India. Kataria demonstrated that the physical act of laughter, whether or not inspired by an actual joke, may help improve cardiovascular health, immune system functioning, and one’s emotional state. The roots of laughter in the behavior of primates is discussed. The video explores the expansion of this trend to the United States, and features the comments of psychologists, neuroscientists, and a sufferer of a debilitating disease, on laughter’s benefits to the brain and body. 71 Video 60 *SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER AND LIGHT THERAPY Length: 6:10 minutes Source: “Seasonal Affective Disorder” (CBS News) Description: Clinicians have become aware that many people suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder (S.A.D.). They become clinically depressed each winter, apparently due to the decrease in light that occurs during winter months and to the corresponding increase in their bodies’ secretions of the hormone melatonin. One helpful treatment for this kind of depression is light therapy, treatment that provides S.A.D. sufferers with extra doses of light – levels they would be receiving from the sun if they lived closer to the equator. This video demonstrates light therapy and its dramatic impact on some persons with S.A.D. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Light Therapy: Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder 72 Video 61 *SUICIDE: CASE OF THE “3-STAR” CHEF Length: 4:40 minutes Source: “The People’s Chef” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video case tells the story of Chef Bernard Loiseau, who committed suicide when he failed to meet his own rigid standards of professional achievement. His obsessive fears and perfectionism were tied, in particular, to critical reviews of his restaurant. When he (incorrectly) believed that the restaurant was about to lose its 3-star rating, the highest rating in France, his self-esteem plummeted and he felt that he could not go on. In the video Loiseau’s wife talks about how she had interpreted his preoccupations, and how she is now affected by the suicide. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Case of the “3-Star” Chef: Fame Is No Protection 73 Video 62 SUICIDE BY TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS Length: 6:15 minutes Source: “Youth Suicide” CBS News (CBS News) Description: This video examines the high rate of suicide among teenagers and collegeaged people, and how suicide can be prevented. A man who survived a suicide attempt at the Golden Gate Bridge describes the regret he felt the instant he jumped. Cornell president David Skorton describes programs his university put in place after several students committed suicide. Jamie Tworkowski’s organization To Write Love on Her Arms, which aims to provide hope and aid to the depressed, suicidal, and addicted, is profiled. The video also presents the work of Laurie Flynn, executive director of the screening organization TeenScreen. All of the individuals profiled discuss the importance of eliminating the stigma against seeking help and offering depressed people the opportunity to feel that someone is listening. 74 Video 63 *ANTIDEPRESSANTS, SUICIDE, AND THE “BLACK BOX” DECISION Length: 3:15 minutes Source: CBS Evening News; CBS Early Show (CBS News) Description: This video looks at the controversy concerning the risk of suicide in young people who take antidepressant drugs. First, the video features a 2004 television news report announcing the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s decision to add “black box” warnings to antidepressant medications—warnings that alert users to a link between antidepressant drug use by some children and suicide. Next the video features a later news report about a study suggesting that the benefits of antidepressants for children outweigh their risks. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Antidepressants: A Suicidal Risk? 75 Video 64 SUICIDE AND THE PEOPLE LEFT BEHIND: SURVIVORS’ GUILT AND ANGER Length: 8:00 minutes Source: “The Life and Death of Clay Hunt” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video presents a case study of suicide, and also explores the emotions of people left behind, particularly guilt and anger. Clay Hunt, a combat veteran who had been wounded in Iraq, is profiled and seen in interviews. Unable to handle his posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, as well as the survivor’s guilt he felt about friends who had died in the war, he shot himself to death at his home in Texas. His parents, friends, and fellow veterans discuss him and his struggles, as well as their own struggles. Each person interviewed blames himself or herself for letting Clay down, and also express their anger at Clay for his suicide. 76 Video 65 *TERMINAL ILLNESS AND SUICIDE Length: 4:20 minutes Source: Before I Die (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: The right (or not) to commit suicide is a major issue in both society and the clinical field. Public support for this right is strongest in connection with great pain and terminal illness. In this video, two terminally ill adults and their family members discuss the deaths that they are facing. One individual, an elderly man dying of cancer, says that he would prefer to be euthanized and explains that he does not fear death, while his daughter describes the strain of dealing with his situation. Another individual, a single mother in her forties dying of cancer, is not suicidal. She describes her fears for her children. The children also describe how devastated they are by their mother's illness. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Terminal Illness and Suicide 77 Video 66 THE FACE OF ANOREXIA: MODEL ISABELLE CARO Length: 4:25 minutes Source: “The Face of Anorexia” CBS Early Show (CBS News) Description: This video presents a powerful case study of anorexia nervosa. Model and actress Isabelle Caro is interviewed about her devastating struggle with anorexia nervosa. Caro had posed for a shocking billboard photograph in a campaign against anorexia, about which she says she has no regrets. She discusses her traumatic childhood, her many hospitalizations as a result of her eating disorder, and her desperate struggle to recover after realizing that she was in serious danger of dying. She describes her life at the time of the video, still dangerously underweight but struggling to gain weight, undergoing psychotherapy, and needing to re-learn how to eat. She discusses her optimism for the future. Several years after this interview, Isabelle Caro died at the age of twenty-eight after a two-month hospitalization for respiratory disease. It is believed that her death was due to immunodeficiency as a result of her anorexia. Two months after her death, her mother took her own life. Caro’s story is a powerful demonstration of the devastating effects anorexia nervosa can have on its victims and those who care about them 78 Video 67 *OVERCOMING ANOREXIA NERVOSA Length: 3:20 minutes Source: “Slim Chance” 48 Hours (CBS News) Description: This video demonstrates the symptoms of a person with anorexia nervosa, including distorted cognitions, a need for control, perfectionism, and physical changes. The video also shows a comprehensive inpatient treatment program for persons with eating disorders, where multiple interventions are combined. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Anorexia Nervosa: Not for Women Only 79 Video 68 *WOMAN WITH BULIMIA NERVOSA Length: 3:03 minutes Source: The Waist Land: Eating Disorders in America (Coronet/MTI) Description: This video focuses on a young woman with bulimia nervosa, including her binge behaviors and purge behaviors, origins of her disorder, cognitive and other features, and impact of the disorder. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Imprisoned by an Eating Disorder 80 Video 69 MAN WITH BUILIMIA NERVOSA Length: 4:08 minutes Source: “Slim Chance” 48 Hours (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on the psychological issues, symptoms, and treatment of a man with bulimia nervosa. His obsession with weight is tied to having been the victim of traumatic teasing (earlier in his life) and his intense desire to fit in. The challenges for men with eating disorders are also examined, particularly the social stigma of having a disorder that is typically associated with females and the resulting reluctance to admit a need for treatment. 81 Video 70 PRO-ANOREXIA WEBSITES Length: 3:45 minutes Source: CBS Early Show (CBS News) Description: This video looks at the controversial subject of websites that are believed to condone and promote eating disorders. In particular, the video profiles a woman with anorexia nervosa who describes her struggle against the disorder. The woman helps run a website for people with anorexia nervosa that she argues provides a supportive community and helps people overcome their disorders. However, critics of this and similar Internet sites argue that users of such websites often exchange information about how to maintain and expand their eating disorders—thus promoting rather than combating their dysfunctional eating patterns. 82 Video 71 *EATING AND WEIGHT GAIN: A ROLE FOR FIDGETING Length: 3:35 minutes Source: “Fatbusters” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video highlights various factors that may affect eating and weight gain (or loss), from heightened activity to conditioning to genetics. The video features a study conducted at the Mayo Clinic in which participants were subjected to a “slob regime”, in which they spent two months overindulging in food and engaging in no exercise. The results revealed that some of the participants gained much less weight than others even though all of the participants had similar metabolic rates. Beyond genetic factors, the researchers discovered that the thinner individuals generally fidget, or move unconsciously, much more than most other people of their age and background. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Weight Gain: A Surprise Factor 83 Video 72 COLLEGE BINGE DRINKING Length: 4:35 minutes Source: “Binge College Daze” 48 Hours (CBS News) Description: This video looks at the issue of college binge drinking, which is alarmingly widespread. Various college students are interviewed about their binge drinking habits, and they weigh in on why they regularly drink to excess. The video also profiles the case of a college student who died following a drinking binge to celebrate his twenty-first birthday. The video further examines the dangers of binge drinking and the misguided thinking found among binge drinkers. 84 Video 73 IN SEARCH OF ALCOHOLISM GENES Length: 6:10 minutes Source: “Miracle Cure?: A Decade of the Human Genome” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video explores research into potential genetic components of alcoholism, and the role animal testing can play in this research. The video presents the case of a recovering alcoholic individual named Tom. Tom observes lab research with mice that suggests alcoholism is roughly half genetic and half environmentally based. Tom then undergoes a series of genetic tests to see whether he has any of a series of genes that genome studies have identified as being associated with alcoholism. Dr. Peter Donnelly of Oxford talks Tom through the research results, which show that he has some genetic markers associated with alcoholism, and thus an increased genetic risk for alcoholism. 85 Video 74 *COCAINE USE DISORDER AND TREATMENT: SINKING AND RECOVERING Length: 3:24 minutes Source: The Mind, Second Edition (Thirteen, WNET And Worth Publishers) Description: According to DSM-5, people who abuse and/or physically depend on substances are displaying a substance use disorder. In this video, a man with cocaine use disorder describes his history of cocaine abuse and dependence, which ruined his personal life and professional career. Now, no longer addicted, he also describes his treatment, recovery, and successful climb back. The video indicates that one feature of his recovery is implicit aversion therapy, in which he keeps recalling and picturing the life of ruin associated with drug misuse whenever he feels desires or cravings for a drug. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Craving for Cocaine: A Substance Use Disorder 86 Video 75 METHAMPHETAMINE: A POWERFUL DEPENDENCE Length: 4:35 minutes Source: “Epidemic in the Heartland” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video explores methamphetamine abuse and dependence – a rising epidemic in the United States. The video explores how methamphetamine use affects brain activity and the nature and severity of methamphetamine dependence. It features both law enforcement officials and a former methamphetamine addict discussing the drug’s effects. The video also describes the ease with which methamphetamine can be manufactured from over-the-counter medications, particularly those containing pseudoephedrine (the key ingredient in methamphetamine). 87 Video 76 *CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HALLUCINATIONS: STUDIES OF ANESTHETIC DRUGS Length: 3:40 minutes Source: “The Final Mystery” Brain Story (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: In this video, a researcher examines how a low dose of the anesthetic ketamine affects brain activity and, in turn, produces hallucinations. It is hypothesized that the drug may weaken or modify communication between neurons, resulting in hallucinations and mood enhancement. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Hallucinations and the Brain 88 Video 77 MISUSE OF RITALIN AND OTHER STIMULANT DRUGS Length: 7:30 minutes Source: “Boosting Brain Power” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video investigates the misuse of stimulant drugs, particularly among college students. A group of college students describe the misuse of Adderall, a stimulant used to treat ADHD, by their friends and classmates. They describe the effects of the drug and the reasons students take it to aid in their studies. Nora Volkow, the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, discusses her research on the effects of stimulants like Ritalin on the sleep-deprived brain. She discusses the downsides of stimulant misuse, such as addiction and possible psychosis. Psychologist Martha Farah of the University of Pennsylvania demonstrates her research on stimulant drug users, testing visual memorization, creativity, and math skills. In a number of cases, those taking stimulant drugs actually often perform more poorly on these tests than those not taking the drugs, even though they report that the drugs are making the tests seem easier. 89 Video 78 ADDICTION TO PAINKILLERS Length: 5:15 minutes Source: “Teenage Pill Abuse” (CBS News) and “Prescription Pill Abuse” (CBS News) Description: This video explores prescription painkiller addiction, presenting several case studies. A teenager describes how stealing medication from her parents’ medicine cabinet let to a devastating addiction. Another teenager describes the variety of different painkillers she was abusing. A man describes his overwhelming addiction to pain medication and Xanax, which stemmed from serious injuries as the result of an accident. He describes his reluctance to seek treatment, fearing the loss of his job. The video demonstrates that people’s inaccurate perceptions that prescription medication misuse is relatively safe (as opposed to street drug use) has led to a growing incidence of prescription pill addiction. 90 Video 79 ADDICTION TO CANNABIS Length: 2:45 minutes Source: “Cannabis: The Evil Weed” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video presents a case study of cannabis addiction. A man describes the twenty-year history of his abuse of cannabis, which he began in his early twenties to fit in with friends. He describes how he now spends the majority of most days smoking marijuana, with only the occasional brief walk to break up the routine. He discusses how he’s constantly thinking about smoking. He also mentions the feelings of powerlessness and self-loathing that he experiences with this addiction. 91 Video 80 CANNABIS AND THE BRAIN Length: 7:00 minutes Source: “Cannabis: The Evil Weed” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video shows emerging research into the effects of cannabis on the brain. Dr. Garth Terry explains and demonstrates his research into the activity of cannabinoid receptors in the brain, which serve as regulators for neurotransmitters and also contribute to the effects of cannabis in the brain, such as euphoria and anxiety. Dr. Zerrin Atakan shows her research into the effects of THC on the brain areas that control behavior. She finds that in those who have taken THC, areas of the prefrontal cortex that are normally active in controlling and inhibiting behavior are inactive. She suggests this inactivity may be responsible for the paranoia sometimes associated with cannabis use, as it may lead to misinterpretations of various stimuli. 92 Video 81 IS CANNABIS AN ENTRY DRUG? Length: 3:55 minutes Source: “Cannabis: The Evil Weed” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video looks at the much-debated question of whether cannabis use makes users more likely to become addicted to other, stronger drugs like cocaine and heroin. It features the animal research of Steven Goldberg of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Two groups of rats, one that has been exposed to THC and one that has not, are given the opportunity to take heroin in a laboratory setting. The research shows that the rats that have been exposed to cannabis initially take larger and more frequent doses of heroin. Goldberg suggests this is due to a predisposed tolerance to heroin’s effects from the exposure to the cannabis. However, rats from both groups display addictive behavior in order to receive heroin, suggesting that cannabis use, despite leading to an initial tolerance to heroin’s effects, does not particularly predispose the user to addiction to harder drugs. Goldberg concludes that cannabis’s connection to other drug use is primarily social rather than biological. 93 Video 82 *THE MEDICAL USE OF MARIJUANA Length: 4:05 minutes Source: “Cannabis: The Evil Weed” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) and “Legalizing Marijuana” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video features the medical use of marijuana, including the case of a woman who uses legalized marijuana to treat chronic pain after an accident has left her partially paralyzed. As the video clarifies, there is much debate concerning the use of marijuana for medical purposes. The video also shows the case of a woman who uses marijuana to treat numerous health issues, and who is involved in a Supreme Court Case fighting for patients’ right to use marijuana for medicinal purposes and for suppliers to be protected from arrest. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: The Medical Use of Marijuana 94 Video 83 POOR SELF-CONTROL AND THE BRAIN: THE RESEARCH OF NORA VOLKOW Length: 5:45 minutes Source: “Hooked” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video explores the work of Nora Volkow, a pioneering researcher on addiction who is the director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. She demonstrates and discusses her MRI studies on the brains of drug addicts. Through this work, she demonstrates how drug use causes changes in the brain, affecting dopamine receptors and areas that control free will. She believes this research explains why it is so hard for addicts to stop using drugs, and she compares this to the struggles experienced by overeaters. Her work has helped alter the public perception of drug addiction, highlighting the biochemical roadblocks addicts face in attempting to break their habits. 95 Video 84 *GAMBLING DISORDER AND THE BRAIN’S PLEASURE CENTER Length: 5:20 minutes Source: “Seeking Perfection” Obsessions (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: DSM-5 considers gambling disorder, sometimes called compulsive gambling, to be an addiction, much like substance use disorder is an addiction. This controversial notion that behaviors can, in fact, be addictive is supported by research demonstrating that the same areas of the brain may play a key role in both behavioral addictions and substance addictions. This video focuses on research at the University of Minnesota into the causes and treatment of compulsive gambling and other apparent addictive behaviors, including the role of the brain’s pleasure center. The video also features a man who takes a drug to help treat his gambling addiction, a drug that seems to help dampen the pleasure associated with his pathological behavior. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Gambling Disorder: A Behavioral Addiction 96 Video 85 GAMBLING DISORDER AND SLOT MACHINES: BIOLOGICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL? Length: 5:40 minutes Source: “The Big Gamble” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video examines gambling disorder, which DSM-5 classifies as an addiction. It focuses on the way people may become addicted to the playing of slot machines. The video features several gambling addiction experts, including Natasha Schull of MIT and Robert Breen and Henry Lasieur of Rhode Island Hospital, who discuss how gambling addiction displays many of the same features as substance addiction, including physical withdrawal effects. Schull describes how modern slot machines are designed to be psychologically addictive. Brain research is shown that demonstrates that playing slot machines can have many of the same effects on the brain as addictive drugs. Two women whose slot machine use escalated into gambling disorder are interviewed – one who lost her entire life savings and one who was arrested for embezzling hundreds of thousands of dollars from her employer. 97 Video 86 *INTERNET ADDICTION: A CROSS-CULTURAL PHENOMENON Length: 4:20 minutes Source: CBS Early Show; CBS Evening News (CBS News) Description: DSM-5 has recommended that certain dysfunctional patterns of Internet use be considered for possible inclusion in future revisions of DSM-5. This video looks at the issue of excessive Internet use and the effect of excessive computer use in countries across the world. The video first spotlights the United States, where college students describe how much time they spend on social networking websites and how their Internet use often distracts their attention from their studies. The video then shows a controversial "boot camp" in China where children and young adults are sent to be treated for excessive Internet use. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Is Internet Addiction a Clinical Disorder? 98 Video 87 ADDICTIVE GAME PLAYING Length: 5:45 minutes Source: “Ben Alexander Internet Addiction” and “Deprogramming Addiction” (CBS News) Description: This video presents two case studies of video game addiction, a disorder which is not yet included as an official diagnosis in the DSM-5, although it is being considered for possible inclusion in future revisions of DSM-5. Two different young men describe the devastating effects that their total obsession with video games, such as “World of Warcraft,” had on their lives. The two individuals describe the social and emotional rewards they received from playing the games, as well as the loss of control they experienced when playing the games became the only activity in their lives. At the time of the video, both young men were recovering from their addictions at inpatient treatment centers, which are still relatively rare in the treatment of cases of video game overuse. 99 Video 88 SEX ADDICTION: FACT OR FICTION? Length: 5:30 minutes Source: “Cover Story: Sex Addiction” (CBS News) Description: This video examines the debate in the mental health field over “sexual addiction,” a diagnosis that does not appear in the DSM-5. Dr. Patrick Carnes, the executive director of the Gentle Path sexual addiction treatment program at Pine Grove Behavioral Center in Mississippi, forcefully and emotionally makes the case for the validity of the diagnosis. Dr. Jack Drescher, known for his work on gender identity, makes the case that sex addiction is “a made-up diagnosis,” imposing a moralistic judgment on sexual behavior. The video profiles a man who recounts the devastation wrought in his life by his sexual compulsions. In addition, referencing her past sexual behavior, a woman makes the case that sex addiction is the same as any other addiction. 100 Video 89 *ATTITUDES TOWARD CASUAL SEX: DO MEN AND WOMEN DIFFER? Length: 3:25 minutes Source: “Deepest Desires” Human Instinct (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: As the textbook discusses, a person’s attitudes toward sex can affect his or her sexual behaviors and enjoyment. Correspondingly, a key factor in many sexual dysfunctions is dysfunctional attitudes toward sex. A topic receiving increasing investigation is how men’s and women's attitudes toward sex differ. This video shows a study that investigates whether men and women have different attitudes toward casual sex and sexual partners. In the study, attractive research assistants approach strangers of the opposite sex and pretend to try to proposition them for sex. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Attitudes toward Casual Sex: Do Men and Women Differ? 101 Video 90 *THE DEVELOPMENT, USE, AND MISUSE OF VIAGRA Length: 5:10 minutes Source: “Pill Poppers” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video depicts the history of the research that led to the development of the popular erectile dysfunction drug Viagra, as well as the aftermath of its release into the marketplace. The pharmaceutical company Pfizer was trying to develop a drug to treat angina, and the drug was actually not considered a success, when test subjects began reporting frequent erections. Chris Weyman, the Pfizer researcher who was involved in this development, describes the brain functions involved in normal erectile response and how Pfizer researchers applied this to the research that led to the release of Viagra. Some clinical theorists interviewed in the video raise concerns about the promotion and use of such drugs for sexual enhancement rather than for treating sexual dysfunction as originally intended. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Viagra: Pathway to Sexual Happiness? 102 Video 91 *THE BOY WHO WAS TURNED INTO A GIRL? Length: 8:20 minutes Source: “Dr. Money And The Boy With No Penis” Horizon; “The Boy Who Was Tuned Into A Girl” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video considers whether sexual reassignment in a "normal” child is appropriate of even possible. It tells the tragic story of the Reimer family, a Canadian family who in the 1960s had twin boys. When one of the boys was being circumcised, a hospital mishap resulted in the destruction of most of his penis. His parents eventually sought the council of psychologist John Money, a sexual reassignment specialist, who believed through his previous work that gender identity is primarily learned. Money advised the family to have their son undergo a sex change operation and to then rear him as a girl (and to keep the child unaware that she had been born male). The segment features interviews with the Reimer family (including David Reimer, the boy himself, interviewed as an adult) after he had chosen to return to his original male sexual identity. The family describes the terribly unhappy childhood and adolescence suffered by "Brenda" Reimer, as the child was called after his surgical sex change. Unhappy through most of his life, David Reimer eventually committed suicide, following a series of unfortunate circumstances. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Gender Dysphoria: “The Boy Who Was Turned Into a Girl” 103 Video 92 RENEE RICHARDS: A LONG JOURNEY Length: 6:15 minutes Source: “Changing Times” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video presents a case study in sexual reassignment surgery. It profiles Renee Richards, a well-known ophthalmologist and champion tennis player who was born a male named Richard Raskind. In 1975, Raskind had sexual reassignment surgery and became a woman. As Renee Richards, she achieved further success in the world of tennis, and when she fought for and received the right to compete in the U. S. Open as a woman she became an inspiration to transgender individuals and other minority groups. The video features interviews with Renee Richards from the present day and also the 1970s, discussing her life and the emotional aftermath of her surgery. Richards’ son from before the surgery, who still calls Richards his “father,” discusses his feelings about Richards’ surgery and achievements. Tennis star Billie Jean King also discusses her history with Richards and her admiration for her. 104 Video 93 *WOMAN WITH HALLUCINATIONS Length: 3:10 minutes Source: Madness: In Two Minds (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: In this video, a woman with schizophrenia experiences, and describes in detail, hallucinations and their powerful impact upon her life. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Hallucinations: “The Voices Won’t Leave Me Alone” 105 Video 94 *YOUNG MAN WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA Length: 3:05 minutes Source: “Schizophrenia” (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on a young man with schizophrenia. The young man’s mother describes the first appearance of his disorder, which began with her son withdrawing from her. Eventually he admitted that he was experiencing auditory hallucinations, a common symptom of schizophrenia. The young man himself describes the voices he hears – one male and one female, often critical of him – and the effect that his disorder has had on his life. His restricted affect is demonstrated and he discusses how medication can exacerbate that symptom. He describes his optimism that with treatment and medication he is getting his life on the right track. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: A Clinical Picture of Schizophrenia 106 Video 95 CAN CANNABIS USE TRIGGER SCHIZOPHRENIA? Length: 5:10 minutes Source: “Cannabis: The Evil Weed: Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video examines the question of whether cannabis use can trigger schizophrenia in an individual. The video presents a case study of a teenager with schizophrenia who began hearing voices while under the influence of cannabis, and eventually even when not using cannabis. The voices spoke of grandiose ideas, such as the idea that he was a god, and also gave him instructions. The young man was diagnosed with schizophrenia and put on antipsychotic medication. He and his parents describe their experiences. The video points out that while cannabis use, particularly heavy use, can somewhat raise the likelihood of developing schizophrenia, establishing a clear link is very difficult, because it is not clear whether the substance causes the disorder or whether those with the disorder seek out cannabis in greater numbers. 107 Video 96 *POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS: WHY DID ANDREA YATES KILL HER FIVE CHILDREN? Length: 7:03 minutes Source: “Why Did She Do It?” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: On the morning of June 20, 2001, Andrea Yates drowned her five small children in the bathtub. This powerful video examines this tragic case. It demonstrates her previous loving devotion to her children, documents her past history of postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis, looks at the failures of the medical and mental health fields, and raises questions about the decision made by Mrs. Yates and her husband to have a fifth child. Professors should emphasize the important distinction between postpartum psychosis and postpartum depression (which is more common). Although Mrs. Yates suffered from each syndrome, it was the postpartum psychosis that apparently triggered this tragedy. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Postpartum Psychosis: Why Did Andrea Yates Kill her Five Children? 108 Video 97 *PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY, 1944 Length: 5:50 minutes Source: Prefrontal Lobotomy In Chronic Schizophrenia, 1944 (A. E. Bennett, Bishop Clarkson Memorial Hospital, Psychiatric Department) Courtesy: History Of Medicine Division, National Library Of Medicine Description: This video shows historical footage of patients before and after receiving lobotomies. Although each case was pointed to as a success at the time, it is obvious, looking back, that the postoperative behavior and functioning of the patients were hardly ideal or problem-free. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: The Lobotomy: Far From a Cure 109 Video 98 *OVERCOMING SCHIZOPHRENIA: JOHN NASH’S BEAUTIFUL MIND Length: 4:50 minutes Source: “John Nash’s Beautiful Mind” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: Perhaps the most celebrated case of schizophrenia in recent years is that of John Nash, the brilliant mathematician who struggled with this disorder for 35 years and then was awarded the Nobel Prize for work he had done as a doctoral student back in 1951 at Princeton University. This video follows Nash’s ordeal and triumph, which inspired the award-winning 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind. Perhaps the most powerful part of this video is Nash’s interaction with his adult son, also a mathematician, who also suffers from schizophrenia. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Overcoming Schizophrenia: John Nash’s Beautiful Mind 110 Video 99 *SEVERE MENTAL DISORDERS AND DRUG ABUSE: THE SO-CALLED “WILD MAN OF WEST 96TH STREET” Length: 5:18 minutes Source: “Wild Man of West 96th Street” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: During the early 1990s, Larry Hogue, nicknamed the “Wild Man of West 96th Street” by his neighbors, was the best known mentally ill chemical abuser (MICA) in the United States. This video, filmed in 1992, focuses on Hogue and his struggles with both psychosis and substance abuse, his impact upon community residents, and the failures of the mental health system and the criminal justice system to address his severe problem. . *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Treating MICAs: “Wild Man of West 96th Street” 111 Video 100 *PERSONALITY AND THE BRAIN Length: 5:30 minutes Source: “All in the Mind” Brain Story (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: Clinical researchers do not fully understand the causes of personality differences or personality disorders. Biological factors may play a key role. This video explores personality, including its neural links, by focusing on the case of a man who has a degenerative brain disorder. The video describes the changes in his personality and creativity, and ties those changes to changes in his brain. Various explanations for personality changes as a result of brain disorders are explored. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Can Brain Damage Cause a Personality Disorder? 112 Video 101 *DO VIDEO GAMES TEACH PEOPLE TO BE VIOLENT? Length: 4:30 minutes Source: “Grand Theft Auto” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video looks at the controversial question of whether video games help produce violent and aggressive behavior in teens. It focuses on the highly publicized case of an 18-year-old, who killed three police officers in an Alabama police station, reportedly after having been influenced by the violent video game Grand Theft Auto. The video explores a lawsuit that followed the shootings against the makers of the video game, which alleged that the game conditioned the teenager to react violently in real life. The video considers the theory that because teenage brains are not fully developed and impulse control is not yet consistently available to teens, a game such as this can influence violent behavior if other risk factors are also present. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Do Video Games Teach People to Be Violent? 113 Video 102 *RAGE: ONE MAN’S STORY AND TREATMENT Length: 10:05 minutes Source: “Personality” Human Mind” (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: DSM-5 has suggested that a “dimensional” approach to the diagnosis of personality disorders should be considered for possible use in future revisions of DSM-5. In such an approach, the presence of a single, dysfunctional trait ― such as anger ― could result in a diagnosis of personality disorder if that trait caused severe impairment. This video focuses on the symptoms of and treatment for a man with intense and distressing anger. His angry outbursts, which typically occur when he is driving, are often followed by feelings of shame and regret. The video shows two sessions of anger management therapy. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Is Frequent Rage a Personality Disorder? 114 Video 103 PSYCHOPATHY AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Length: 3:00 minutes Source: The Mind, Second Edition (Thirteen, WNET And Worth Publishers) Description: This video focuses on people with psychopathy (sociopathy) who commit criminal behavior. One such individual discusses his behavior and the changes he has experienced. In addition, Robert Hare, an expert on this pattern, discusses the issue of whether psychopathy can be changed or treated, focusing on the ways in which most treatments available for prisoners do not address the symptoms and functioning of those prisoners with psychopathy. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Treatable Pattern? 115 Video 104 BIOLOGICAL ROOTS OF SOCIOPATHY: AN INSIDER’S VIEW Length: 8:00 minutes Source: “Are You Good or Evil?” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video looks at research into the biological roots of sociopathy – research that became uncomfortably personal for Professor James Fallon. In the video, Fallon discusses how his brain scan research identified abnormal brain functioning in the orbital cortex and temporal lobes of sociopathic killers. He also discusses the 1993 discovery of the MAOA gene, which has been linked to aggression. Hearing family stories about murders committed by some of his own ancestors (including Lizzie Borden), he later performed brain scans on his family and found to his surprise that his own brain functioning matched that of sociopathic murderers. Further tests showed that he had the various genetic risk signs for violence. Upon reflection, Fallon concludes that despite his biological indicators of sociopathy, his nurturing and happy childhood prevented him from developing into a violent sociopathic individual. He further states that childhood abuse, in combination with these genetic risk factors, can help lead to violent and criminal adulthoods. 116 Video 105 PSYCHOLOGY OF AN ASSASSIN: THE SHOOTING OF ARIZONA CONGRESSWOMAN GABBY GIFFFORDS Length: 6:30 minutes Source: “Descent Into Madness” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video explores the psychology behind assassination by profiling the case of Jared Lee Loughner, who killed six people and wounded fourteen others in an attempt to assassinate United States congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords at a public event in Tucson, Arizona, in 2011. Close friends of Loughner’s describe his personality, his increasingly disordered beliefs, statements, and thinking, and his inscrutable grievances against Giffords. The video also examines an extensive Secret Service study of assassins. Prominent forensic psychologist Robert Fein, who headed the study, discusses common behaviors, personality traits, and warning signs that can be predictive of assassination attempts, which he says are rarely rooted solely in political motivations but rather spring from psychological issues. 117 Video 106 PSYCHOLOGY OF A SERIAL KILLER: ANGEL OF DEATH Length: 8:00 minutes Source: “Angel of Death” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video provides a chilling look into the mind of a serial killer who some suspect may actually be the most prolific serial killer in American history. The video shows an interview with Charles Cullen, a nurse who murdered dozens, perhaps hundreds, of patients at various medical facilities at which he worked during a sixteenyear career. He has admitted to forty murders, but some investigators believe he was responsible for many more deaths. In the interview, Cullen seems devoid of emotion and does not offer any satisfactory answers to questions about why he murdered some people who were neither terminally ill nor suffering, despite his vague claims that his murders were committed as acts of mercy. He also appears somewhat unwilling to fully accept the notion that he is a murderer or serial killer. An author who interviewed and wrote a book about Cullen is also interviewed, and he suggests that Cullen’s murders were a way to assert control over a very unhappy life, and an avenue by which Cullen could feel important. . 118 Video 107 THEORY OF MIND: TAKING THE PERSPECTIVE OF OTHERS Length: 1:40 minutes Source: “Will to Win” Human Instinct (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video focuses on the Theory of Mind principle. It features a research study in which children are asked to hide candy from an adult. Older children can do the task, but children under the age of three years are completely unable to do so. This research indicates that at that younger age, the children’s brains have not yet developed to the point where they can understand what another person can or cannot see. 119 Video 108 PARENTAL DEATH AND YOUNG CHILDREN: THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT Length: 7:20 minutes Source: “How Children Mourn” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video explores how children react psychologically to the death of a parent. Various children who have lost a parent discuss their deceased parents, describe how they died, discuss their reactions to the death, and discuss life without the missing parent. Dr. Phyllis Silverman discusses unique features of the ways children process death – they often have difficulty understanding the finality of death and that the parent will never come back. At the same time, she says it is untrue to suggest, as some do, that children are too young to grieve or understand that they have lost a parent. Mary Owen of the Wendt Center for Loss and Healing discusses the importance of avoiding pleasant sounding euphemisms when discussing a parent’s death with a child. 120 Video 109 SELECTIVE MUTISM Length: 4:40 minutes Source: “Selective Mutism and Therapy” (CBS News) Description: This video presents a case study of the social anxiety disorder known as selective mutism. A young girl in the fourth grade who only speaks to her family and one or two close friends is profiled. Her parents describe how their daughter at the age of four stopped speaking outside the house, and their struggle to find an explanation. They describe the methods by which their daughter gets by in school – pre-taped book reports, a special notebook to ask the teacher simple questions, and whispers to her best friend in the class. They also describe the treatment their daughter has been undergoing since she received the diagnosis of selective mutism. The girl is interviewed, and able to whisper answers timidly for her mother to repeat to the interviewer, which is representative of real progress. Her ongoing treatment seeks to increase her self-esteem and to eventually help her speak to everyone. 121 Video 110 GIRLS BULLYING GIRLS Length: 3:40 minutes Source: “Girls Bullying Girls” (CBS News) Description: This video examines the phenomenon of girls bullying other girls, and the lasting impact it can have. Several young girls describe their experiences of being bullied, including one girl who describes how her torment by other girls in the past escalated to physical violence. Although often downplayed, while bullying perpetrated by boys gets more attention, girl against girl bullying is described by its victims as ranging from false and defamatory rumors to insults to physical violence. One school is shown providing an entire class for girls about this phenomenon, offering the girls advice and also an opportunity to be heard about their experiences. 122 Video 111 CANNABIS USE AND MEMORY EFFECTS: ANIMAL RESEARCH AND IMPLICATIONS Length: 5:00 minutes Source: “Cannabis: The Evil Weed” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video tackles the question of whether cannabis can have long-lasting effects on the memory of someone who uses it. The video shows the research of Cathy Fernandes on mice to explore this question. Three groups of mice are placed in a maze requiring them to use memory skills as cues to solve it – one group exposed to cannabis at a very young age but now free of it, one group first exposed to cannabis at the equivalent of the human age fifteen or so, and one control group not exposed to cannabis. The mice that had been exposed to cannabis at a very young age show notable impairment in memory function and are unable to find their way through the maze, while the group first exposed in late adolescence do not display memory deficits. Fernandes concludes that among younger people smoking marijuana, a difference of a year or two in the age of first exposure can have a devastating and long-lasting effect on memory functioning. 123 Video 112 *ADHD: THE CASE OF LIAM Length: 6:10 minutes Source: “Living With ADHD” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video presents a case in which a young boy’s ADHD places a severe strain on his family. The child’s impulsive behaviors repeatedly expose him to danger, and he also is unable to obey instructions. A simple shopping trip becomes a nightmare for his weary and, at times, frightened parents. The video examines the theory that oppositional behavior in ADHD children develops as a response to repeated reprimands for behavior they cannot control. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: ADHD: A Family Problem 124 Video 113 MEDICATING ADHD: LIAM 5 YEARS LATER Length: 2:40 minutes Source: “Pill Poppers” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video takes another look at Liam, the child with ADHD profiled in Video 112, after he has been medicated with Ritalin. Five years after the previous profile, Liam is able to be calm and under control. Liam and his mother are both interviewed describing the improvements in his behavior and life while on the medication. The video describes how drugs for ADHD work in the brain, and the accidental discovery by researchers of these effects. 125 Video 114 *TWO FACES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Length: 4:20 minutes Source: “Does the MMR Jab Cause Autism?” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video focuses on two eleven-year-old boys who have autism spectrum disorder. Their behavioral differences and similarities illustrate that this disorder is characterized by a spectrum of dysfunctioning. Three common features of the disorder are focused on: decreased capacity for social engagements, communication deficits, and lack of imagination. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Two Faces of Autism Spectrum Disorder 126 Video 115 *AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: A DIFFERENT PATTERN Length: 6:15 minutes Source: Born Premature (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video focuses on the symptoms of a young boy with autism spectrum disorder. The video focuses on his communication deficits and other symptoms. The video also examines efforts to uncover the biological roots of his difficulties. In certain ways, the child’s symptoms and history seem to differ from more traditional symptoms and histories found in autism, but he would probably qualify for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder under the DSM-5 classification system. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder 127 Video 116 CURRENT RESEARCH INTO AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Length: 5:40 minutes Source: “Where America Stands: Autism” CBS Reports (CBS News) Description: This video profiles various strands of current research into autism spectrum disorder, its causes, how to detect it early, and successful interventions. Three young boys with autism, each participating in a different study, are profiled with their parents, who discuss the difficulties they face and their sons’ specific symptoms. Dr. Geraldine Dawson, of Autism Speaks, describes the rising incidence of autism spectrum disorder. Several different research studies are shown: Dr. Hakon Hakonarson of Children’s Hospital in Philadelphia has isolated a common gene among two-thirds of autistic people; Dr. Tim Roberts, of the same hospital, has used research to determine that autistic people process sounds more slowly than other people; Dr. Robert Schultz of the Center for Autism Research is using MRI imaging to explore why the brains of autistic people don’t make certain connections like other people’s brains; and Dr. Joe Piven of the University of North Carolina is using infant brain imaging studies to examine whether early detection can create a window of opportunity to intervene before the onset of symptomatic behaviors. 128 Video 117 DOES THE MMR VACCINE CAUSE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER? Length: 6:40 minutes Source: “Does the MMR Jab Cause Autism?” Horizon (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: One of the field’s most heated controversies in recent years has centered on whether MMR vaccines cause autism spectrum disorder. This video presents the case of a young child who had apparently been developing normally but whose language and learning skills then appeared to deteriorate following an MMR vaccination. The video presents his mother’s observations and her belief that her son’s autism is indeed linked to the vaccination he had received. The video then goes on to present studies that have challenged the theory that MMR vaccinations have a link to the development of autism. Moreover, in 2010, The Lancet, the journal that had published earlier research findings supporting the MMR link, issued a full retraction after the British General Medical Council upheld claims of unethical research practices and financial conflict of interest in some of the early research on the MMR link to autism. 129 Video 118 DR. IVAR LOVAAS TREATS A YOUNG AUTISTIC CHILD WITH BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION Length: 3:20 minutes Source: Behavioral Treatment of Autistic Children (Focus International, Inc.) Description: In this video, Ivar Lovaas, a leader in the development of behavioral treatments and programs for people with autism spectrum disorder, treats a young child with the disorder. Using behavioral techniques, he is able to change some of the child’s dysfunctional behaviors relatively quickly. 130 Video 119 APPS FOR AUTISM: THE USE OF iPADS Length: 8:00 minutes Source: “Apps for Autism” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video demonstrates the impact new technologies, particularly the iPad, are having on the lives and education of children with autism spectrum disorder. The video demonstrates a number of apps designed with autistic people in mind, including one that enables uncommunicative autistic people to “speak” by typing into the iPad, one that enables autistic children to identify their emotions, and one that enables autistic children to practice eye contact. The video shows teachers of autistic students using the iPad as a learning tool, one that autistic students seem far more engaged with than other toys or learning tools. A non-speaking autistic young man is interviewed via iPad, while another astonishes his teacher with his vocabulary as revealed through an iPad app. Such innovations point the way toward a possible future in which the iPad may be a critical tool in educating and socializing those with autism spectrum disorder. 131 Video 120 AUTISTIC PRODIGY Length: 7:55 minutes Source: “Autistic Prodigy” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video presents a child with autism spectrum disorder who turns out to be a prodigy, attending college courses at age ten. The boy and his parents are interviewed, discussing his early symptoms and diagnosis, and the remarkable improvements he has made in his autistic symptoms as he has nurtured his love of learning and achieved great intellectual success. Some clinical observers might view the boy as having savant abilities in physics and math, equipped with a photographic memory that allows him to recite backward and forward long series of numbers he has just heard. He also understands concepts; he is not just parroting from memory. Psychologist Joanne Ruthsatz at Ohio State University discusses her belief in a link between autism and prodigies. 132 Video 121 *READING AND READING DISORDERS: SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDERS Length: 4:20 minutes Source: “Growing the Mind” Brain Story (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: DSM-5’s new category, specific learning disorder, is applied to persons with significant difficulties in the acquisition of reading, writing, arithmetic, or mathematical reasoning skills. This video focuses on individuals with one such problem, severe reading difficulties often called “dyslexia.” The video showcases research into the process of learning to read, and offers insight into why some children have trouble learning this important skill. One part of the video shows a poor reader learning to read with the aid of a computer program. Because the child has trouble associating letters with sounds – a critical part of learning to read – the program uses repetition to help him associate sounds with letters. According to the video, brain research indicates that particular areas of the brain are responsible for associating letters with sounds. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Severe Reading Difficulties: A “Specific Learning Disorder” 133 Video 122 TOURETTE’S DISORDER AND MUSIC Length: 5:45 minutes Source: “Oliver Sacks: Tales of Music and the Brain” Imagine… (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video demonstrates Tourette’s Disorder, listed in DSM-5 as one of the neurodevelopmental disorders, and also explores the impact of music on the brain, through a case from the files of Dr. Oliver Sacks. A young man with severe Tourette’s is profiled, his symptoms very much in evidence. He describes his lifelong love of music, and how playing the drums since a young age has helped him tremendously in coping with his symptoms and living a functional life. He also describes how playing music allows him to attain control over the intense rage and other strong emotions that he has experienced as part of his Tourette’s Disorder. 134 Video 123 DOWN SYNDROME, INTIMACY, AND MARRIAGE Length: 7:35 minutes Source: “Can We Get Married?” Wonderland (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: This video features Down syndrome, focusing on intimate relationships formed by people with the disorder. A couple, both of whom have Down syndrome, are profiled, having moved in together after six years of dating. They are trying to decide whether to marry, a decision that also has financial implications on the benefits they receive. They ultimately decide not to marry, but reaffirm their deep and abiding love for one another. 135 Video 124 *COMPANIONSHIP AND SUPPORT: PETS FILL THE VOID Length: 4:35 minutes Source: “Garden Of Eden” 48 Hours (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on the psychological and physical benefits of providing animal companions for elderly persons in a nursing facility. Similarly, interactions with children and a warm and stimulating environment help nursing home residents achieve greater psychological and physical health. We see in this video that such residents often develop a greater sense of purpose in life and that the rates of illness and mortality at the facility go down significantly. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Pets and the Elderly: The Impact of Companionship 136 Video 125 *OLD AGE: LEARNING AND MOVING AT THE SAME TIME Length: 2:40 minutes Source: “Growing the Mind” Brain Story (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: DSM-5 includes a new category called “mild neurocognitive disorder,” a modest decline in one or more areas of cognitive functioning that does not interfere with independence. Some clinicians worry that aging people with normal cognitive declines could mistakenly be diagnosed with this new label. This video examines how mental resources are allotted differently in the young and the elderly. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Normal Aging Versus Mild Neurocognitive Disorder 137 Video 126 *LIVING WITHOUT MEMORY Length: 5:20 minutes Source: Living Without a Memory (BBC Motion Gallery) Description: According to DSM-5, people who experience substantial decline in one or more cognitive areas, such as memory, attention, and planning, may receive a diagnosis of major neurocognitive disorder, previously known as dementia. This video profiles a man who has lost his short-term and long-term memory. Like others with a major neurocognitive disorder, his cognitive deficits interfere with his capacity to be independent. The video reveals the difficulties and emotional pain of living without memory and also focuses on the experiences of family members who are caregivers. This case also showcases some alternative techniques for coping with and working around memory loss. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Living Without Memory: Major Neurocognitive Disorder 138 Video 127 *ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A CASE, RESEARCH, AND NEW DIRECTIONS Length: 8:40 minutes Source: “A New Day” CBS Sunday Morning (CBS News) Description: This video explores current research on the symptoms and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and also focuses on a man with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The video explores features of the disease that distinguish it from general aging, such as excessive numbers of tangles and plaques in the brain. It also examines environmental and psychological factors that may play roles in the development and progression of the disease. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease: Major Neurocognitive Disorder 139 Video 128 PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A CASE STUDY Length: 4:10 minutes Source: “Unlocking Parkinson’s” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on a man with Parkinson’s disease whose medication relieved certain symptoms of the disease but also created undesired effects that were difficult to live with. The video examines his physical and psychological functioning before and after a treatment procedure known as deep brain electrode stimulation. The improvements in his functioning after the treatment procedure are dramatic. 140 Video 129 BLOWS TO THE BRAIN: FROM COMBAT TO FOOTBALL Length: 7:35 minutes Source: “Invisible Wounds” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video explores the impact of traumatic brain injury, which is emerging as a major research focus. The video profiles an Iraq war veteran who discusses his symptoms and struggles after returning home. Though he was diagnosed with PTSD, his symptoms actually stemmed from brain injuries he suffered due to concussions while in Iraq. His professional life was negatively impacted, but he is greatly heartened to see brain scans indicating damage, because he now feels that his symptoms are more understandable. Another veteran bristles at having been called a malingerer when his traumatic brain injury symptoms did not improve. Dr. David Hovda of the Brain Injury Research Center at UCLA discusses the serious damage that even mild concussions can cause, especially if a second concussion is suffered before the first one is totally healed. He considers possible links between the symptoms of traumatic brain injury suffered by combat veterans and the symptoms suffered by many ex-NFL players, an issue that has recently gained attention. 141 Video 130 *OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT: FORCING PERSONS INTO MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT Length: 6:10 minutes Source: “A Right That Could Be Wrong” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on the development of a legal procedure, known as “Kendra’s Law”, for forcing certain individuals with mental disorders into outpatient treatment. The effectiveness and implications of such outpatient treatment are the source of much debate. The video features interviews with individuals who have mental disorders and their families about the legal procedure and its effect on them. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: Forcing People into Mental Health Treatment 142 Video 131 JAILING THE MENTALLY ILL Length: 4:30 minutes Source: “Prisons Become Dumping Ground For Mentally Ill” (CBS News) and “Mental Illness Falling Through the Cracks” (CBS News) Description: This video focuses on the treatment of mentally ill inmates in prison, profiling several disturbed inmates and the family members of such individuals. The video demonstrates how prison is far from an ideal therapeutic environment for mentally ill persons. Psychiatrist E. Fuller Torrey, founder of the Treatment Advocacy Center, and other mental health professionals describe how various factors – such as deinstitutionalization, lack of funding, lack of laws to compel people into treatment, and society’s lack of insight into persons with mental disorders ― have combined to turn prison into, in effect, a “dumping ground for the mentally ill.” 143 Video 132 *WHEN TREATMENT LEADS TO EXECUTION: MENTAL HEALTH AND THE LAW Length: 7:05 minutes Source: “Doctor’s Dilemma” 60 Minutes (CBS News) Description: This video examines whether a convicted murderer with paranoid schizophrenia is competent enough for execution. If his symptoms are reduced through psychotropic drug treatment and he becomes clearer cognitively, he will become eligible for execution. The ethical and legal dilemmas that this poses for clinicians are explored. *Version available as a STUDENT VIDEO ACTIVITY under the title: When Treatment Leads to Execution: Mental Health and the Law 144