Download word classes nouns i (meg 1.1-1.25)

WORD CLASSES
Identify the word class of the underlined words below:
Hurry - verb
Teacher - noun
He - pronoun
Homeless - adjective
Nodded - verb
Behind - preposition
Locker - noun
Went - verb
Sneakers - noun
Effectively - adverb
Choose - verb
Me - pronoun
Evening - noun
Black - adjective
Left - verb
What - pronoun
Working - verb
European - adjective
Will - verb
Crazy - adjective
On - preposition
Headphones - noun
History - noun
Send - verb
It - pronoun
Saturday - noun
End - noun
Given - verb
Topic - noun
NOUNS I (MEG 1.1-1.25)
1. What are the plural forms of these nouns?
families
potatoes
shelves
children
leaves
teeth
Chinese
aircraft
sheep
lives
women
fish (also ‘fishes’ = fisksorter)
feet
matches
roofs
series
wolves
mice
2. Do these nouns/noun phrases begin with ‘a’ or ‘an’?
1
An old man
A boy
A young boy
An hour
An English teacher
An apple
A green apple
A European
An IPod
Useful begins with a U and ends with an L.
Hour begins with an H and ends with an R.
This is a one-way street.
She’s an 80-year-old woman.
3. Provide the correct present tense form of the verb within
parentheses in each of the sentences below. Be careful to check
whether the subject noun is singular or plural.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
The previous owners of the house have forgotten to cancel the paper.
The answers on this side of the page are all correct.
The owner of the three dogs has complained to the authorities.
My brother and his friend Jack are coming to see me today.
My mother and father have promised to give me a lift.
The books on the shelf belong to the school.
The accident, which took place three days ago, is the worst of its kind so far.
4. Complete sentences (2)–(9) below according to the format given in
sentence (1).
1) Jane has a pony; it is Jane’s pony.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
My brother has a house; it is my brother’s house.
My sisters have a boat; it is my sisters’ boat.
Her children have a trampoline; it is her children’s trampoline.
The students have a car; it is the students’ car.
The student has a bus pass; it is the student’s bus pass.
My mother-in-law has a parrot; it is my mother-in-law’s parrot.
The baby has a toy; it is the baby’s toy.
The women have a garden; it is the women’s garden.
5. What are the basic rules for when to use the genitive (e.g. the boy’s
pony) and when to use the of construction (e.g. the author of the
book)?
the genitive – use for people, animals, places and time
the of construction – use for non-living nouns; objects
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NOUNS II (MEG 1.26-1.60)
6. Translate into English:
1) We have PE on Wednesdays.
2) Her birthday is in March.
3) The US has an interesting history.
4) Athletics is my favourite sport.
5) There were a lot of/lots of people at the concert.
6) The police have not found any traces.
7) Where are the scissors?
8) Give me some good advice/a piece of good advice.
9) Business is slow.
10)This is nice furniture. Where did you buy it?
11)Give me that money, it’s mine.
12)I need a piece of/a sheet of paper.
7. How would you say the following in English?
shake hands
become friends with
change trains
the pupils raised their hands
in a loud/low voice
she’s a doctor/physician
he’s a Buddist
answer one at a time
I have a headache
Who wants to be a millionaire?
Listen to the radio
At night
Lie in bed
Go to church
Start school
Be at school
8. Put in a or an where necessary:
a. What — nice hair you have.
c. It was such — bad luck !
e. What a good idea.
b. What an honest man.
d. It is such — boring work.
f. What — lousy weather.
9. Do the nouns in these sentences normally take the definite article
(the) or not?
— Nature is important in this novel.
— Pigs aren’t really filthy animals.
We all hope that — unemployment will go down.
We must do everything to save the environment.
10.
Easter
The US
Do these normally take the definite article or not ?
Mount Everest
The Titanic
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The Atlantic
Buckingham Palace
The Thames
11.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
The West Indies
The Washington Post
Central Park
Find the mistakes in these sentences and correct them. Also try
to explain why they are wrong.
This is a normal answer. – ‘a’ before consonant
No news is good news. – ‘news’ = uncountable
He’s in a good mood today. – fixed expression
Parents sometimes feel that they can’t affect their children’s lives. –
genitive apostrophe needed
All the pupils shook their heads. – logical plural
Many Swedish families eat crisps on Friday evenings. – 1) plural –ies in
nouns that have consonant+y; 2) days of the week=capital letter
It’s important to know what’s happening in society. – no definite article
when the noun is used in a general sense.
Who has taken my money? I can’t find it. – money=uncountable noun
PRONOUNS I (MEG 2.1-2.39)
1. Complete the sentences with it or there + is or are:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
It’s sunny outside
It’s ten miles into town.
There are five apples in the bowl.
There is no money left.
It’s ten minutes until the next train.
There’s something we need to talk about.
There’s lots of snow outside, and it’s ten below zero.
How many pupils are there in your class?
2. Translate the sentences. Pay special attention to the meaning of
Swedish det.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
There’s something I must/need to tell you.
Is there more milk in the fridge?
Is it far to the cathedral from here?
There’s a boy sitting on the lawn/grass (A boy is sitting …)
It’s no use/There’s no use/There’s no point in complaining.
There are a lot of children out on the football pitch/field.
Its time for lunch.
There’s a spider on the ceiling.
Is there anyone who hasn’t finished the (his/her) story?
3. Make up a) three sentences of your own where ‘it’ would correspond to
Swedish ‘det’, b) three sentences where ‘there’ would be appropriate.
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4. Complete sentences (2)–(5) below following the pattern given in
sentence (1).
1) I have a cat; the cat is mine.
2)
3)
4)
5)
They have a farm; the farm is theirs.
We have a shoe shop; the shoe shop is ours.
She has a summer hat; the summer hat is hers.
You have a car; the car is yours.
5. Which relative pronouns (who/which/that/zero relative) are possible in
the sentences below? Can you explain why?
1) The woman who/that/ 0 I was talking to is my dentist.
2) This is the book that/which changed my life.
3) Their new car, which must have cost a fortune, was stolen last night.
4) My grandmother, who I loved a lot, was a remarkable woman.
5) She is the best singer that/who ever lived.
6) The person that/who/0 I respect the most is you.
7) She loved a man that/who was only interested in her money.
8) We passed the bank that/which had been robbed the day before.
9) He tried to call his bank, which had been robbed the day before.
10)The suspect said he had nothing to do with the robbery, which was
not true.
PRONOUNS II (MEG 2.40-2.62)
6. Which or what?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
What colour is your house?
Which colour will you use, green or red?
What countries have you been to?
Which country did you like best?
What is your phone number?
Which drawing is yours, this one or that one?
What music do you listen to?
Which day of the week do you like best?
7. Put in a question pronoun (who, whose, what or which):
1) Who is coming to the party and whose stereo could we use?
2) What day is it today?
3) Which colour do you want, red or green?
4) What are your favourite sports?
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5) What book should I choose? – if there is no obvious selection; ‘which book’ if
there is a limited number to choose from
8. Fill in an appropriate quantifying pronoun and try to explain your
choice:
1) Do you have any Queen records? (några) – ‘some’ if you expect a ‘yes’
in the answer
2) You had better talk to one of the teachers. (någon av)
3) You had better talk to some of the teachers. (några av)
4) Do you know anything about this? (någonting) – ‘something’ if you
expect a ‘yes’ in the answer
5) Are there any toilets on this floor? (några)
6) Can I offer you something to drink? (något) – more polite than
‘anything’
9. Translate the sentences. Pay special attention to the quantifying
expressions.
1) I heard something.
2) Did you hear anything (something)?
3) No, I didn’t hear anything/I heard nothing.
4) Is there any coffee? Yes, there is some.
5) Do you have/Have you got a pencil to lend me?
6) We always read each other’s (one another’s) essays.
7) Neither of the twins could answer the question.
8) Everybody/-one that/who wants to see/watch the film is here.
9) Did anybody/-one see anything?
10)Nobody/No one saw anything.
10. Fill in the quantifiers in the sentences below:
1) There were many/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a great many people in
the park. (mycket)
2) Our school has few students this year. (lite)
3) There is a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a great deal of snow outside.
(mycket)
4) We have a little money. (lite; det kanske räcker)
5) There is too little snow to be able to ski. (för lite)
6) There are too few pupils on the list. (för lite)
7) The room had little furniture. (lite) (or ‘a little/some’ in a more positive
sense
8) Most parents came to the meeting. (de flesta)
11. Translate the sentences:
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1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Take off your shoes/Take your shoes off and wash your hands!
The pupils raised their hands.
She raised her voice.
He lost his balance.
The boys shook their heads.
Whose jacket is this? Is it yours?
This ball is theirs but the sticks are ours.
This is Maja’s book, isn’t it? No it’s not hers.
The person who/that did this must tell me.
12. Identify the grammatical errors in the sentences below, correct
them and try to explain what the problem is.
1) He had to do all the talking since neither of his parents was very good at
English. – neither of=two
2) Have you got a jacket to lend me? – Swedish ‘nån/nåt’ = a/an in English
3) She hurt her back while playing football. Body part=possessive pronoun
4) There were few teachers but many students in the hall.- ‘many’ in front of
plural countable noun
5) The children took off their shoes and put on their skates. – possessive
pronoun for clothes/personal items
6) Everybody says that the new Harry Potter film is really great. –
‘everybody’ = always singular form
7) The teacher who/that we like best is Sean. – ‘which’ cannot relate back
to people
8) Ask one of the other pupils to help you. – Swedish ‘någon av’ = one of
VERBS I (MEG 4.1-4.45)
1. Use the do-construction to rephrase the sentences below (see the
example in 1).
1) She drinks coffee. Question: Does she drink coffee? Negation: She doesn’t
drink coffee.
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
He likes seafood. Does he like seafood? He doesn’t like seafood.
She has a brother. Does she have a brother? She doesn’t have a brother.
They need a ticket. Do they need a ticket? They don’t need a ticket.
Sean lives in town. Does Sean live in town? Sean doesn’t live in town.
Her parents live in the country. Do her parents live in the country? Here
parents don’t live in the country.
7) Mark’s sister plays florball. Does Mark’s sister play floorball? Mark’s sister
doesn’t play floorball.
2. Which verb form should be used in the sentences below, singular or
plural?
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1) Most of the money _______ spent. (was/were)
2) A great amount of gold ______ found in the cave. (was/were)
3) Mark and David ____________ coming to the party. (is/are)
4) The risk of getting into accidents ______ large. (is/are)
5) The number of pupils ______ increased. (has/have)
6) The pupils in that class _______ very curious. (was/were)
7) The US and Great Britain __________ decided to co-operate. (has/have)
8) Most of the children in this region_______ not go to school. (does/do)
3. Irregular verbs
1) Be careful not to lose your keys. (tappa)
2) A window had been broken on the first floor. (sönderslaget)
3) She drank the whole glass in one go. (drack)
4) He kept his promise and gave me the money. (höll)
5) The pupils cut the paper in little pieces. (klippte)
6) I have bought tickets for everyone. Is there anyone who hasn’t paid me yet?
(köpt, betalat)
7) Who taught you to play the guitar like that? Nobody, I learnt/learned it
myself. (lärde)
8) Why did you become a teacher? (blev)
9) Yesterday Arsenal beat Chelsea by 1-0. (slog)
10)The audience burst into tears as he sang the tune. (brast ut)
11)This house has cost them a fortune. (kostat)
12)He drove much too fast through the village. (körde)
13)That dog just bit me! (bet)
14)I nearly froze to death out there, she said. (frös)
15)Who has won most Wimbledon titles? (vunnit)
16)As she lay in bed he thought about tomorrow’s match. (låg)
17)I told him to choose the blue sweater, but instead he chose the red one.
(välja)
18)Jennie took her bike to school yesterday. (tog)
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19)She must have sung this song a hundred times and now she has sworn
never to sing it again. (sjungit, svurit)
20)Bertie caught a cold while being on holiday in Spain. (blev förkyld)
21)Have you ever eaten oysters? (ätit)
22)We have known each other since school. (känt)
23)My sister taught me to swim. (lärde)
24)Katie stood looking out the window. (stod)
VERBS II (MEG 4.46-4.87)
4. Insert should/would or shouldn’t/wouldn’t in the following
sentences.
1) I’m surprised to see you ! Shouldn’t you be at school today ?
2) I would/wouldn’t do that if I were you.
3) I don’t think you should tell him yet.
4) Would you like a cup of tea ?
5) I would be grateful if you could help me.
6) I knew we shouldn’t have waited so long.
7) What would you do if you were rich ?
8) It’s a quarter to nine, so the bus should be here anytime.
9) I don’t think it would help if you told him.
5. Translate the following sentences. Pay special attention to the modal
verbs.
1) He will sit/can sit for hours at the computer.
2) I will never be able to learn Chinese.
3) Would you open the window, please?
4) I will not do it/refuse to do it.
5) Can/could I use the phone?
6) May I use the phone?
7) You mustn’t/can’t/are not allowed to do that!
8) We had to go back to school to get/pick up the/my homework.
9) I usually have cereals in the morning.
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10)We used to take the bus into town.
11)We were /supposed/ to meet outside the cinema but she never turned up.
6. Explain the different meanings of the simple and the progressive
form in examples (1)–(6).
a.
1) It’s raining again – right now; on-going at the moment
It always rains here this time of the year. – typical; habit
2) He reads a lot – usually; habit
I’m reading a great book right now. – temporary, right now, on-going
3) What does he do? – permanent; profession
4) What’s he doing? – this instant; on-going right now
5) We were having dinner - on-going action
when the lights suddenly went out. – short-lasting action
6) Is he really that stupid – permanent characteristic
or is he just being silly, do you think? – temporary characteristic
b.
Write a short story where you use at least three simple forms in a suitable way.
c. Write a short story where you use at least three progressive forms in a suitable
way.
7. Translate the sentences and pay special attention to the differences
in tense between English and Swedish.
1) That’s a nice jacket!
2) I have lived abroad for two years.= still do
I lived abroad for two years. = no longer
3) She has worked/has been working in S for two years.
4) I will probably be a millionaire in ten years.
5) I will call you later.
6) It will probably be dark when we arrive in/get to L.
7) The train leaves in twenty minutes.
8) I will be in touch when I get to G.
9) We will leave as soon as he comes.
10)I would have helped her if she had only asked me.
11)Where do I change trains?
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8. Spot the grammar mistakes in the sentences below, correct the error
and try to explain what the problem is.
1) When I speak English I sound like a child, the student said. – habit = simple
form
2) She has lived/has been living in London since 2003. – English cannot have
present tense for something in the past
3) I will call you when I arrive in New York. – English usually requires future
tense in the main clause
4) I usually look up words I don’t know. – the verb ‘used to’ only has one tense
(past)
5) May I borrow your pen, sir? – ‘can’ is too impolite
6) He wouldn’t have noticed anything if you hadn’t told him. – conditional
sentences in English normally have ‘would’ in the main clause
7) You mustn’t/can’t/are not allowed to throw litter on the ground. – ‘shall’
is not normally used in second person in present-day English
8) Many children today enjoy playing Minecraft. – ‘enjoy’ is followed by the –ing
form
ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND NUMERALS (MEG Ch. 3, 5-6)
1. Fill in the right forms of easy/easily, strange/strangely, good/well and
bad/badly:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
This bike is very easy to ride.
He behaves really well/badly/strangely .
The strange thing is that I don’t remember what I had for lunch.
How easy it is to skate when you know how to do it!
He writes very well/badly but has a rather strange/good/bad
pronunciation.
All the pupils were so strangely quiet.
Strangely enough, they were all smiling.
It will be easy to sell this car, and we can easily buy a new one.
The old man smelt really bad and looked really strange in his ragged clothes.
2. Complete the sentences with an adjective or an adverb.
1) This cake smells really good/delicious (gott)
2) Run fast/quickly to the classroom! (snabbt)
3) Come as soon as possible (möjligt)
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4) He was late as usual (vanligt)
5) This milk tastes strange (konstigt)
6) Walk carefully on the ice! (försiktigt)
7) Our dog smells so bad (illa)
8) This exercise is easier than the other one. (lättare)
9) You will do it easily (lätt)
10)I find animals more interesting than people. (intressantare)
3. Translate the sentences:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Summer this year was worse than last year.
It was the worst film I have ever seen.
He’s a little lazy but there are others who are lazier; he’s not the laziest.
She sings very well.
It was a bad game and our team played badly.
There’s a German guy in our class.
Many people think that Spanish is easier than French.
4. Translate and comment on/explain your translation of the words in
italics in the following sentences:
1) The funny thing is that the politicians don’t care about the problem.
2) The most important thing is that the pupils get a good education.
3) The sad thing is that …
English does not allow an adjective used as a noun for a specific situation;
a construction with ‘thing’ normally needed
…it seems that/like the rich are becoming richer. – an adjective can be
used on its own in English when referring to a group of people in a
general sense.
5. Translate into English:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
He walked incredibly slowly across the street.
She seemed surprisingly happy to see me.
Children can really be extremely lively.
We were happily surprised that the coffee tasted so good.
Which shoes do you want? – The new ones.
6. Identify the grammatical errors in the sentences below, correct the
errors and try to explain what the problem is:
1) The strangest thing was that she didn’t answer. – see 4 above
2) The Swedish team defended themselves remarkably badly. –
nationality words = capital letter; badly = manner adverb
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3) He thinks American cars are better than Swedish ones. – English
adjectives normally require a substitution ‘one/ones’ if there is no
following noun
4) The police tried to stop as many people as possible from entering the
house. – expressions with ‘as…as’ are followed by adjectives
5) It’s much easier to speak English than to write it. – short adjectives
usually have –er comparison; double comparison is not allowed
6) She’s the happiest person I know. – adjectives ending in –y change
the spelling when compared
7) This apple tastes really good. – the verb ‘taste’ is followed by an
adjective in English
8) He has his own room/a room of his own. – English cannot have ‘a/an’
+ ‘own’; a possessive pronoun is needed.
7. How do you say the following numeral expressions in English? Use a
dictionary to look them up if you’re uncertain.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
It’s twenty-five minutes past two/It’s two twenty-five.
The flight/plane leaves at eleven a.m./eleven in the morning.
My grandmother is seventy-five /years old/.
Her birthday is on 21 June/June 21.
He was born in 1988.
We finish in forty-five minutes/three quarters of an hour.
We live in the 21st century.
They will leave/are leaving in two weeks/in a fortnight.
Sweden has approximately/roughly 9.2 million inhabitants.
The lesson/class lasts for one and a half hours/ninety minutes.
This house/building is a hundred years old.
WORD ORDER, PREPOSITIONS (MEG Ch.8-9, 4.69-4.71)
1. Translate the sentences. Pay special attention to the word order:
1) He is never at home.
2) He says that he is never at home.
3) It’s typical of her not to be on time.
4) Children are taught never to lie.
5) But it can be difficult to always tell the truth.
6) When you see him, it’s easy to start laughing.
7) There is Terry !
8) There she comes.
9) Last year they went to the US/were in the US.
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10)Yesterday it was Sunday.
11)Tomorrow we have PE.
12)When you are done with the word cards, you can take out your English books.
2. Translate into English:
1. She ran five kilometres without stopping.
2. We look forward to meeting your parents.
3. He should apologise for being late.
4. We arrived in Dublin late on Thursday evening.
3. How do you say the following prepositional phrases in English? Use a
dictionary to look them up if you’re uncertain.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
In the morning/ at 11 a.m.
At dawn/daybreak
At noon/at midnight (12.00 a.m./12.00 p.m.)
At/by the end of last year
In the afternoon/ p.m.
At the beginning of the month
At night/in the evening
At night
On Saturday evenings/nights
At/around lunch(time)
The day after tomorrow
On Tuesday
In spring 2010
In the 90’s
In/during the last century
In 1950 (the year 1950)
On 3 June/June 3
In (within) an hour
At eight o’clock sharp/on the dot
Not until Saturday
At sunset (sundown) / at sunrise (sunup)
At dusk/dayfall
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