* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download word classes nouns i (meg 1.1-1.25)
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Romanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Romanian nouns wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
WORD CLASSES Identify the word class of the underlined words below: Hurry - verb Teacher - noun He - pronoun Homeless - adjective Nodded - verb Behind - preposition Locker - noun Went - verb Sneakers - noun Effectively - adverb Choose - verb Me - pronoun Evening - noun Black - adjective Left - verb What - pronoun Working - verb European - adjective Will - verb Crazy - adjective On - preposition Headphones - noun History - noun Send - verb It - pronoun Saturday - noun End - noun Given - verb Topic - noun NOUNS I (MEG 1.1-1.25) 1. What are the plural forms of these nouns? families potatoes shelves children leaves teeth Chinese aircraft sheep lives women fish (also ‘fishes’ = fisksorter) feet matches roofs series wolves mice 2. Do these nouns/noun phrases begin with ‘a’ or ‘an’? 1 An old man A boy A young boy An hour An English teacher An apple A green apple A European An IPod Useful begins with a U and ends with an L. Hour begins with an H and ends with an R. This is a one-way street. She’s an 80-year-old woman. 3. Provide the correct present tense form of the verb within parentheses in each of the sentences below. Be careful to check whether the subject noun is singular or plural. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) The previous owners of the house have forgotten to cancel the paper. The answers on this side of the page are all correct. The owner of the three dogs has complained to the authorities. My brother and his friend Jack are coming to see me today. My mother and father have promised to give me a lift. The books on the shelf belong to the school. The accident, which took place three days ago, is the worst of its kind so far. 4. Complete sentences (2)–(9) below according to the format given in sentence (1). 1) Jane has a pony; it is Jane’s pony. 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) My brother has a house; it is my brother’s house. My sisters have a boat; it is my sisters’ boat. Her children have a trampoline; it is her children’s trampoline. The students have a car; it is the students’ car. The student has a bus pass; it is the student’s bus pass. My mother-in-law has a parrot; it is my mother-in-law’s parrot. The baby has a toy; it is the baby’s toy. The women have a garden; it is the women’s garden. 5. What are the basic rules for when to use the genitive (e.g. the boy’s pony) and when to use the of construction (e.g. the author of the book)? the genitive – use for people, animals, places and time the of construction – use for non-living nouns; objects 2 NOUNS II (MEG 1.26-1.60) 6. Translate into English: 1) We have PE on Wednesdays. 2) Her birthday is in March. 3) The US has an interesting history. 4) Athletics is my favourite sport. 5) There were a lot of/lots of people at the concert. 6) The police have not found any traces. 7) Where are the scissors? 8) Give me some good advice/a piece of good advice. 9) Business is slow. 10)This is nice furniture. Where did you buy it? 11)Give me that money, it’s mine. 12)I need a piece of/a sheet of paper. 7. How would you say the following in English? shake hands become friends with change trains the pupils raised their hands in a loud/low voice she’s a doctor/physician he’s a Buddist answer one at a time I have a headache Who wants to be a millionaire? Listen to the radio At night Lie in bed Go to church Start school Be at school 8. Put in a or an where necessary: a. What — nice hair you have. c. It was such — bad luck ! e. What a good idea. b. What an honest man. d. It is such — boring work. f. What — lousy weather. 9. Do the nouns in these sentences normally take the definite article (the) or not? — Nature is important in this novel. — Pigs aren’t really filthy animals. We all hope that — unemployment will go down. We must do everything to save the environment. 10. Easter The US Do these normally take the definite article or not ? Mount Everest The Titanic 3 The Atlantic Buckingham Palace The Thames 11. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) The West Indies The Washington Post Central Park Find the mistakes in these sentences and correct them. Also try to explain why they are wrong. This is a normal answer. – ‘a’ before consonant No news is good news. – ‘news’ = uncountable He’s in a good mood today. – fixed expression Parents sometimes feel that they can’t affect their children’s lives. – genitive apostrophe needed All the pupils shook their heads. – logical plural Many Swedish families eat crisps on Friday evenings. – 1) plural –ies in nouns that have consonant+y; 2) days of the week=capital letter It’s important to know what’s happening in society. – no definite article when the noun is used in a general sense. Who has taken my money? I can’t find it. – money=uncountable noun PRONOUNS I (MEG 2.1-2.39) 1. Complete the sentences with it or there + is or are: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) It’s sunny outside It’s ten miles into town. There are five apples in the bowl. There is no money left. It’s ten minutes until the next train. There’s something we need to talk about. There’s lots of snow outside, and it’s ten below zero. How many pupils are there in your class? 2. Translate the sentences. Pay special attention to the meaning of Swedish det. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) There’s something I must/need to tell you. Is there more milk in the fridge? Is it far to the cathedral from here? There’s a boy sitting on the lawn/grass (A boy is sitting …) It’s no use/There’s no use/There’s no point in complaining. There are a lot of children out on the football pitch/field. Its time for lunch. There’s a spider on the ceiling. Is there anyone who hasn’t finished the (his/her) story? 3. Make up a) three sentences of your own where ‘it’ would correspond to Swedish ‘det’, b) three sentences where ‘there’ would be appropriate. 4 4. Complete sentences (2)–(5) below following the pattern given in sentence (1). 1) I have a cat; the cat is mine. 2) 3) 4) 5) They have a farm; the farm is theirs. We have a shoe shop; the shoe shop is ours. She has a summer hat; the summer hat is hers. You have a car; the car is yours. 5. Which relative pronouns (who/which/that/zero relative) are possible in the sentences below? Can you explain why? 1) The woman who/that/ 0 I was talking to is my dentist. 2) This is the book that/which changed my life. 3) Their new car, which must have cost a fortune, was stolen last night. 4) My grandmother, who I loved a lot, was a remarkable woman. 5) She is the best singer that/who ever lived. 6) The person that/who/0 I respect the most is you. 7) She loved a man that/who was only interested in her money. 8) We passed the bank that/which had been robbed the day before. 9) He tried to call his bank, which had been robbed the day before. 10)The suspect said he had nothing to do with the robbery, which was not true. PRONOUNS II (MEG 2.40-2.62) 6. Which or what? 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) What colour is your house? Which colour will you use, green or red? What countries have you been to? Which country did you like best? What is your phone number? Which drawing is yours, this one or that one? What music do you listen to? Which day of the week do you like best? 7. Put in a question pronoun (who, whose, what or which): 1) Who is coming to the party and whose stereo could we use? 2) What day is it today? 3) Which colour do you want, red or green? 4) What are your favourite sports? 5 5) What book should I choose? – if there is no obvious selection; ‘which book’ if there is a limited number to choose from 8. Fill in an appropriate quantifying pronoun and try to explain your choice: 1) Do you have any Queen records? (några) – ‘some’ if you expect a ‘yes’ in the answer 2) You had better talk to one of the teachers. (någon av) 3) You had better talk to some of the teachers. (några av) 4) Do you know anything about this? (någonting) – ‘something’ if you expect a ‘yes’ in the answer 5) Are there any toilets on this floor? (några) 6) Can I offer you something to drink? (något) – more polite than ‘anything’ 9. Translate the sentences. Pay special attention to the quantifying expressions. 1) I heard something. 2) Did you hear anything (something)? 3) No, I didn’t hear anything/I heard nothing. 4) Is there any coffee? Yes, there is some. 5) Do you have/Have you got a pencil to lend me? 6) We always read each other’s (one another’s) essays. 7) Neither of the twins could answer the question. 8) Everybody/-one that/who wants to see/watch the film is here. 9) Did anybody/-one see anything? 10)Nobody/No one saw anything. 10. Fill in the quantifiers in the sentences below: 1) There were many/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a great many people in the park. (mycket) 2) Our school has few students this year. (lite) 3) There is a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a great deal of snow outside. (mycket) 4) We have a little money. (lite; det kanske räcker) 5) There is too little snow to be able to ski. (för lite) 6) There are too few pupils on the list. (för lite) 7) The room had little furniture. (lite) (or ‘a little/some’ in a more positive sense 8) Most parents came to the meeting. (de flesta) 11. Translate the sentences: 6 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Take off your shoes/Take your shoes off and wash your hands! The pupils raised their hands. She raised her voice. He lost his balance. The boys shook their heads. Whose jacket is this? Is it yours? This ball is theirs but the sticks are ours. This is Maja’s book, isn’t it? No it’s not hers. The person who/that did this must tell me. 12. Identify the grammatical errors in the sentences below, correct them and try to explain what the problem is. 1) He had to do all the talking since neither of his parents was very good at English. – neither of=two 2) Have you got a jacket to lend me? – Swedish ‘nån/nåt’ = a/an in English 3) She hurt her back while playing football. Body part=possessive pronoun 4) There were few teachers but many students in the hall.- ‘many’ in front of plural countable noun 5) The children took off their shoes and put on their skates. – possessive pronoun for clothes/personal items 6) Everybody says that the new Harry Potter film is really great. – ‘everybody’ = always singular form 7) The teacher who/that we like best is Sean. – ‘which’ cannot relate back to people 8) Ask one of the other pupils to help you. – Swedish ‘någon av’ = one of VERBS I (MEG 4.1-4.45) 1. Use the do-construction to rephrase the sentences below (see the example in 1). 1) She drinks coffee. Question: Does she drink coffee? Negation: She doesn’t drink coffee. 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) He likes seafood. Does he like seafood? He doesn’t like seafood. She has a brother. Does she have a brother? She doesn’t have a brother. They need a ticket. Do they need a ticket? They don’t need a ticket. Sean lives in town. Does Sean live in town? Sean doesn’t live in town. Her parents live in the country. Do her parents live in the country? Here parents don’t live in the country. 7) Mark’s sister plays florball. Does Mark’s sister play floorball? Mark’s sister doesn’t play floorball. 2. Which verb form should be used in the sentences below, singular or plural? 7 1) Most of the money _______ spent. (was/were) 2) A great amount of gold ______ found in the cave. (was/were) 3) Mark and David ____________ coming to the party. (is/are) 4) The risk of getting into accidents ______ large. (is/are) 5) The number of pupils ______ increased. (has/have) 6) The pupils in that class _______ very curious. (was/were) 7) The US and Great Britain __________ decided to co-operate. (has/have) 8) Most of the children in this region_______ not go to school. (does/do) 3. Irregular verbs 1) Be careful not to lose your keys. (tappa) 2) A window had been broken on the first floor. (sönderslaget) 3) She drank the whole glass in one go. (drack) 4) He kept his promise and gave me the money. (höll) 5) The pupils cut the paper in little pieces. (klippte) 6) I have bought tickets for everyone. Is there anyone who hasn’t paid me yet? (köpt, betalat) 7) Who taught you to play the guitar like that? Nobody, I learnt/learned it myself. (lärde) 8) Why did you become a teacher? (blev) 9) Yesterday Arsenal beat Chelsea by 1-0. (slog) 10)The audience burst into tears as he sang the tune. (brast ut) 11)This house has cost them a fortune. (kostat) 12)He drove much too fast through the village. (körde) 13)That dog just bit me! (bet) 14)I nearly froze to death out there, she said. (frös) 15)Who has won most Wimbledon titles? (vunnit) 16)As she lay in bed he thought about tomorrow’s match. (låg) 17)I told him to choose the blue sweater, but instead he chose the red one. (välja) 18)Jennie took her bike to school yesterday. (tog) 8 19)She must have sung this song a hundred times and now she has sworn never to sing it again. (sjungit, svurit) 20)Bertie caught a cold while being on holiday in Spain. (blev förkyld) 21)Have you ever eaten oysters? (ätit) 22)We have known each other since school. (känt) 23)My sister taught me to swim. (lärde) 24)Katie stood looking out the window. (stod) VERBS II (MEG 4.46-4.87) 4. Insert should/would or shouldn’t/wouldn’t in the following sentences. 1) I’m surprised to see you ! Shouldn’t you be at school today ? 2) I would/wouldn’t do that if I were you. 3) I don’t think you should tell him yet. 4) Would you like a cup of tea ? 5) I would be grateful if you could help me. 6) I knew we shouldn’t have waited so long. 7) What would you do if you were rich ? 8) It’s a quarter to nine, so the bus should be here anytime. 9) I don’t think it would help if you told him. 5. Translate the following sentences. Pay special attention to the modal verbs. 1) He will sit/can sit for hours at the computer. 2) I will never be able to learn Chinese. 3) Would you open the window, please? 4) I will not do it/refuse to do it. 5) Can/could I use the phone? 6) May I use the phone? 7) You mustn’t/can’t/are not allowed to do that! 8) We had to go back to school to get/pick up the/my homework. 9) I usually have cereals in the morning. 9 10)We used to take the bus into town. 11)We were /supposed/ to meet outside the cinema but she never turned up. 6. Explain the different meanings of the simple and the progressive form in examples (1)–(6). a. 1) It’s raining again – right now; on-going at the moment It always rains here this time of the year. – typical; habit 2) He reads a lot – usually; habit I’m reading a great book right now. – temporary, right now, on-going 3) What does he do? – permanent; profession 4) What’s he doing? – this instant; on-going right now 5) We were having dinner - on-going action when the lights suddenly went out. – short-lasting action 6) Is he really that stupid – permanent characteristic or is he just being silly, do you think? – temporary characteristic b. Write a short story where you use at least three simple forms in a suitable way. c. Write a short story where you use at least three progressive forms in a suitable way. 7. Translate the sentences and pay special attention to the differences in tense between English and Swedish. 1) That’s a nice jacket! 2) I have lived abroad for two years.= still do I lived abroad for two years. = no longer 3) She has worked/has been working in S for two years. 4) I will probably be a millionaire in ten years. 5) I will call you later. 6) It will probably be dark when we arrive in/get to L. 7) The train leaves in twenty minutes. 8) I will be in touch when I get to G. 9) We will leave as soon as he comes. 10)I would have helped her if she had only asked me. 11)Where do I change trains? 10 8. Spot the grammar mistakes in the sentences below, correct the error and try to explain what the problem is. 1) When I speak English I sound like a child, the student said. – habit = simple form 2) She has lived/has been living in London since 2003. – English cannot have present tense for something in the past 3) I will call you when I arrive in New York. – English usually requires future tense in the main clause 4) I usually look up words I don’t know. – the verb ‘used to’ only has one tense (past) 5) May I borrow your pen, sir? – ‘can’ is too impolite 6) He wouldn’t have noticed anything if you hadn’t told him. – conditional sentences in English normally have ‘would’ in the main clause 7) You mustn’t/can’t/are not allowed to throw litter on the ground. – ‘shall’ is not normally used in second person in present-day English 8) Many children today enjoy playing Minecraft. – ‘enjoy’ is followed by the –ing form ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND NUMERALS (MEG Ch. 3, 5-6) 1. Fill in the right forms of easy/easily, strange/strangely, good/well and bad/badly: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) This bike is very easy to ride. He behaves really well/badly/strangely . The strange thing is that I don’t remember what I had for lunch. How easy it is to skate when you know how to do it! He writes very well/badly but has a rather strange/good/bad pronunciation. All the pupils were so strangely quiet. Strangely enough, they were all smiling. It will be easy to sell this car, and we can easily buy a new one. The old man smelt really bad and looked really strange in his ragged clothes. 2. Complete the sentences with an adjective or an adverb. 1) This cake smells really good/delicious (gott) 2) Run fast/quickly to the classroom! (snabbt) 3) Come as soon as possible (möjligt) 11 4) He was late as usual (vanligt) 5) This milk tastes strange (konstigt) 6) Walk carefully on the ice! (försiktigt) 7) Our dog smells so bad (illa) 8) This exercise is easier than the other one. (lättare) 9) You will do it easily (lätt) 10)I find animals more interesting than people. (intressantare) 3. Translate the sentences: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Summer this year was worse than last year. It was the worst film I have ever seen. He’s a little lazy but there are others who are lazier; he’s not the laziest. She sings very well. It was a bad game and our team played badly. There’s a German guy in our class. Many people think that Spanish is easier than French. 4. Translate and comment on/explain your translation of the words in italics in the following sentences: 1) The funny thing is that the politicians don’t care about the problem. 2) The most important thing is that the pupils get a good education. 3) The sad thing is that … English does not allow an adjective used as a noun for a specific situation; a construction with ‘thing’ normally needed …it seems that/like the rich are becoming richer. – an adjective can be used on its own in English when referring to a group of people in a general sense. 5. Translate into English: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) He walked incredibly slowly across the street. She seemed surprisingly happy to see me. Children can really be extremely lively. We were happily surprised that the coffee tasted so good. Which shoes do you want? – The new ones. 6. Identify the grammatical errors in the sentences below, correct the errors and try to explain what the problem is: 1) The strangest thing was that she didn’t answer. – see 4 above 2) The Swedish team defended themselves remarkably badly. – nationality words = capital letter; badly = manner adverb 12 3) He thinks American cars are better than Swedish ones. – English adjectives normally require a substitution ‘one/ones’ if there is no following noun 4) The police tried to stop as many people as possible from entering the house. – expressions with ‘as…as’ are followed by adjectives 5) It’s much easier to speak English than to write it. – short adjectives usually have –er comparison; double comparison is not allowed 6) She’s the happiest person I know. – adjectives ending in –y change the spelling when compared 7) This apple tastes really good. – the verb ‘taste’ is followed by an adjective in English 8) He has his own room/a room of his own. – English cannot have ‘a/an’ + ‘own’; a possessive pronoun is needed. 7. How do you say the following numeral expressions in English? Use a dictionary to look them up if you’re uncertain. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) It’s twenty-five minutes past two/It’s two twenty-five. The flight/plane leaves at eleven a.m./eleven in the morning. My grandmother is seventy-five /years old/. Her birthday is on 21 June/June 21. He was born in 1988. We finish in forty-five minutes/three quarters of an hour. We live in the 21st century. They will leave/are leaving in two weeks/in a fortnight. Sweden has approximately/roughly 9.2 million inhabitants. The lesson/class lasts for one and a half hours/ninety minutes. This house/building is a hundred years old. WORD ORDER, PREPOSITIONS (MEG Ch.8-9, 4.69-4.71) 1. Translate the sentences. Pay special attention to the word order: 1) He is never at home. 2) He says that he is never at home. 3) It’s typical of her not to be on time. 4) Children are taught never to lie. 5) But it can be difficult to always tell the truth. 6) When you see him, it’s easy to start laughing. 7) There is Terry ! 8) There she comes. 9) Last year they went to the US/were in the US. 13 10)Yesterday it was Sunday. 11)Tomorrow we have PE. 12)When you are done with the word cards, you can take out your English books. 2. Translate into English: 1. She ran five kilometres without stopping. 2. We look forward to meeting your parents. 3. He should apologise for being late. 4. We arrived in Dublin late on Thursday evening. 3. How do you say the following prepositional phrases in English? Use a dictionary to look them up if you’re uncertain. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) In the morning/ at 11 a.m. At dawn/daybreak At noon/at midnight (12.00 a.m./12.00 p.m.) At/by the end of last year In the afternoon/ p.m. At the beginning of the month At night/in the evening At night On Saturday evenings/nights At/around lunch(time) The day after tomorrow On Tuesday In spring 2010 In the 90’s In/during the last century In 1950 (the year 1950) On 3 June/June 3 In (within) an hour At eight o’clock sharp/on the dot Not until Saturday At sunset (sundown) / at sunrise (sunup) At dusk/dayfall 14