Download Anatomy KEY Camas B Invite B 2010

Camas Invitational
Anatomy
School/Team: __________________________
Participants:__________________________
1
2010
B - _____
Camas Invitational
Anatomy
2010
Respiratory System
Multiple choice – circle the most correct answer. (1 pt each)
1. The muscle that controls inhalation and exhalation.
a. lungs
b. throat
c. gluteus maximus
d. diaphragm
2. Smallest component of lungs involved in respiration.
a. bronchiole
b. capillary
c. alveolus
d. arteriole
3. Formal name for the voice box.
a. larynx
b. pharynx
c. trachea
d. vocal cords
4. Formal name for the windpipe.
a. larynx
b. pharynx
c. trachea
d. esophagus
5. The mouth, throat and nasal cavity are parts of the ________.
a. respiratory system
b. upper respiratory tract
c. skull
d. lower respiratory tract
True/False – write “true” or “false” in the space provided. (1 pt each)
6. The lungs are subdivided into lobes, which are further subdivided into segments.
True
7. The average volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a normal respiration is
called the tidal volume.
True
8. Breathing is caused by a difference in pressure outside the body and inside the
lungs.
True
9. The lungs are completely emptied of air after each exhalation.
False
10. The interior of a lung is more similar to a balloon than a sponge.
False
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Camas Invitational
Anatomy
2010
Short Answer – answer to the best of your knowledge.
11. Both lungs are subdivided into lobes. How many lobes does each lung have?
(2 pts)
Three in right (1 pt) two in left (1 pt) two in right (1/2 pt) three in left (1/2)
anything else receives no points.
12. There is a special fluid that is secreted in the smallest branches inside the lungs
that is necessary for us to breathe properly. What is this fluid called and what does
it do? (4 pts)
surfactant (1 pt) prevents alveoli from collapsing (1 pt) water’s cohesion (1 pt)
doesn’t require more effort to inhale again (1 pt)
13. The respiratory system is divided into two parts. What are they called? (2 pts)
upper respiratory tract (1 pt) lower respiratory tract (1 pt)
14. The pharynx is composed of three regions. Name all three. (3 pts)
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (1 pt each)
15. A doctor examines a patient claiming they suffer from shortness of breath,
chronic coughing, wheezing, and tightness in their chest. Upon further
examination, it appears that the afflicted patient’s airways are narrowed. Given
this information, what would you diagnose is the problem? Give one common
method of treating this illness. (2 pts)
asthma (1 pt) medicated inhaler (1 pt)
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Camas Invitational
Anatomy
2010
Visuals – identify indicated structures and reference the diagrams for your answers.
(1 pt each unless otherwise noted)
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16
19
18
16. ______lungs____________
18. __ secondary bronchi____
17. _____trachea___________
19. __ primary bronchi____
20. Notice the ring structures around the windpipe. What is their purpose? (2 pts)
cartilaginous rings (1 pt) prevent trachea from collapsing with breathing (1
pt)
21. Which two regions above are affected by strep throat? (2 pts)
B&C
22. What is the scientific name for strep throat? (2 pts)
streptococcal pharyngitis (1 pt for each word)
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Camas Invitational
Anatomy
2010
23. What happens when the muscle indicated above contracts? What happens when it
relaxes? (2 pts)
inhalation while contracting (1 pt), exhalation when relaxing (1 pt)
Muscular System
Multiple choice – circle the most correct answer. (1 pt each)
1. Places where muscles attach to bone.
a. tendons
b. ligaments
c. joints
d. organs
2. Approximate number of muscles in the body.
a. 200
b. 400
c. 300
d. 600
3. The semimembranosus and semitendonosus muscles are both found where?
a. upper back
b. posterior thigh
c. lower back
d. anterior forearm
4. Largest muscle in the body.
a. Orbicularis oculi
b. sartorious
c. trapezius
d. gluteus maximus
5. Name of neurotransmitter that initiates muscle contractions.
a. acetylcholinesterase
b. calcium ions
c. acetylcholine
d. none of the above
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Camas Invitational
Anatomy
Short answer – answer to the best of your knowledge.
2010
6. If you bend your arm at the elbow, what muscle are you using? On which bones
are its origin and insertion? (5 pts)
biceps brachii, origin on scapula, insertion on radius (1 pt each for correct
bones, 1 pt each if origin and insertion are on correct bones)
7. A bodybuilder attempts to lift a weight only to discover that it is too heavy. He
flexes with all his might, but the weight doesn’t budge. What is this sort of muscle
contraction called? If the bodybuilder had been able to lift it, what type of muscle
contraction would have been demonstrated? (2 pts)
isotonic contraction w/o movement, isometric contraction w/ movement (1 pt
each)
8. A patient explains that they are experiencing random muscle spasms in they’re
arms and legs. Based only on this information, what condition can you reasonably
assume the patient has without running further tests? Give a potential cause of this
condition. (2 pts)
tetany, tetanus (1 pt for either) calcium ion deficiency, underfunction of
parathyroid gland, excess of potassium, low levels of CO2, low Mg levels,
rapid breathing for 1-2 hours (1 pt for any one of those and no more)
9. Name three of the five skeletal muscle fiber arrangements. (3 pts)
pennate, parallel, convergent, bipennate, sphincter (1 pt for each, up to 3 pts)
10. What causes the burning sensation when one exercises a muscle for a period of
time? (1 pt)
lactic acid
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Camas Invitational
Anatomy
2010
Identify the indicated muscles. (1 pt each)
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36
37
34
38
39
40
34. Sartorius
35. deltoid
36. rotator cuff, teres minor, subscapularis, infraspinatus, supraspinatus
37. Brachioradialis
38. tensor fasciae latae
39. rectus femoris
40. tibialis anterior
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Camas Invitational
Anatomy
2010
Tiebreaker: (20 points) Explain the steps undergone during a single skeletal muscle
contraction in as much detail as possible.
2 points for each step
1. Nerve impulses travel down the axon to the axon terminals.
2. Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminals.
3. Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds with receptor
sites on the sarcolemma.
4. Muscle impulse travels along the sarcolemma and into the T tubules.
5. Muscle impulses in the T tubules cause calcium ions to be released from
the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
6. Calcium causes a change in the configuration of binding sites on actin
and also causes atp to break down and energize the myosin heads.
7. Myosin heads bind with actin to from cross bridges.
8. Cross bridges rotate in a power stroke that slides actin toward the middle
of the myosin to shorten the sarcomere; muscle contraction
9. A new ATP binds with the myosin, and myosin detaches from actin. Steps
six through nine repeat as long as the sarcolemma is stimulated by
acetylcholine and there is sufficient atp.
10. When the nerve impulses stops, calcium ions are actively transported
back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the muscle relaxes.
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