Download The muscular system is made up of..

Human anatomy
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
dr. Dea Amanda
Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan
Unitri Malang
The muscular system is made up of..
muscles
&
tendons
Tendon vs Ligamen
Why do I need tendons?
Tendons attach my muscles to my
bone helping my body move..
Feel your tendon right above your
heel in the back of your leg..
This is the thickest tendon
in your body..
My
muscles
move my
body
like strings
move a
puppet..
Fungsi Otot..
1.
All types of
body
movement
Fungsi Otot..
2. Penopang tubuh
&
maintain posture
Fungsi Otot..
3. Produksi panas
How do muscles work?
Muscles can't push, They pull..
Muscles often work in pairs,
so that they can pull in different
/ opposite directions
Ciri2 Otot..
1) Kontraktilitas serabut
otot (=muscle cell/muscle
fiber) contracts
2) Ekstensibilitas ability to
stretch me>i pjg otot (saat
relax)
3) Elastisitas dpt kembali ke
ukuran semula stlh contracts
/stretch
Ways to Strengthen
the Muscular System
• Exercise at least 3 times a
week
• Eat well-balanced meals
(protein)
• Can you think of more ways?
Klasifikasi..
•
Struktural:
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Smooth muscle
•
Fungsional:
– Volunter : 1
– Involunter : 2,3
Types of Muscle..
Types of Muscle..
1. Skeletal Muscle
Naming Skeletal Muscles..
Direction of
Muscle
Fibers
Location
Action
Skeletal
Muscle
Origin
&
Insertion
Size
Shape
Number
Of
Origins
Direction of Muscle Fibers..
Relative to the Midline
• RECTUS = parallel to
the midline
– Rectus Abdominus
• TRANSVERSUS =
perpendicular to midline
– Transversus Abdominus
• OBLIQUE = diagonal to
midline
– Obliqus external
– Obliqus internal
Location..
 Structure near which
muscle is found
– FRONTALIS = near
FRONTAL bone
– OCCIPITALIS = near
OCCIPITAL bone
Size..
 Relative Size of Muscle
• MAXIMUS = largest
– Gluteus Maximus
• MEDIUS = middle
– Gluteus Medius
• MINIMUS = smallest
– Gluteus Minimus
Size..
 Relative Size of Muscle
• LONGUS = longest
– Fibularis Longus
• BREVIS = short
– Fibularis Brevis
• TERTIUS =
shortest
– Fibularis Tertius
Number of Origins..
 Number of tendons of
origin
• BICEPS = Two
– Biceps Brachii
• TRICEPS = Three
– Triceps Brachii
Number of Origins..
 Number of tendons of origin
• QUADRICEPS = Four
– Quadriceps Femoris
Shape..
 Relative Shape of
the Muscle
• DELTOID =
triangular shape Δ
• TRAPEZIUS =
trapezoid shape
• SERRATUS = sawtoothed ♒
• RHOMBOIDEUS =
rhomboid shape
• TERES = round ○
Origin & Insertion..
• Origo: attachment to an
immoveable bone
• Insersio: attachment to
a movable bone
• CORACOBRACHIALIS=
attaches to the proc.
Coracoideus & humerus
Action..
NAME
ACTION
EXAMPLE
FLEXOR
Decrease angle at a joint
Flexor Carpi Radialis
EXTENSOR
Increase angle at a joint
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
ABDUCTOR
Move bone away from
midline
Abductor Pollicis Longus
ADDUCTOR
Move bone toward midline
Adductor Longus
LEVATOR
Produce upward movement
Levator Scapulae
DEPRESSOR
Produce downward
movement
Depressor Labii Inferioris
SUPINATOR
Turn palm upward/anterior
Supinator
PRONATOR
Turn palm
downward/posterior
Pronator Teres
Head & Neck Muscles
Head & Neck Muscles
• Frontalis: elevate
eyebrows 
• Orbicularis Oculi:
close eyelid 
• Zygomaticus: draw
angle of lip upward 
• Buccinator: draws
cheeks against teeth
• Orbicularis Oris:
closes mouth 
• Platysma: draws lower
lip down & back 
• Cranial Aponeurosis:
connects frontalis to
occipitalis
• Temporalis: elevates
mandible
• Occipitalis: draws scalp
back
• Masseter: elevates
mandible
• Sternocleidomastoid:
– Flexes head
– Draws head toward
shoulder
Muscles of Mastication
• Masseter: elevates
mandible
• Temporalis: elevates
mandible
• Medial pterygoid:
elevates mandible
• Lateral pterygoid:
depresses mandible
Key Muscles of Facial Expression
Frowning Muscles
– Frontalis
– Orbicularis Oris
– Depressor Anguli
Oris
– Depressor Labii
Inferioris
– Mentalis
– Platysma
Key Muscles of Facial Expression
• Smiling Muscles
– Orbicularis Oculi
– Nasalis
– Levator Labii
Superioris
– Levator Anguli
Superioris
– Zygomaticus
to be
continued..