Download Blood Pressure

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Why the Blood Circulates
How Blood Circulation Works
How Lymph Circulation Works
Maintaining Your Circulatory
Health
Cardiovascular System Problems
Lymphatic System Problems
The cardiovascular system provides nutrients and oxygen,
carries away wastes, wand helps fight disease.
• Heart pumps blood to body’s cells 24 hours a
day, heart accomplishes thes important tasks:
– Carrying oxygen from the lungs to body cells
– Absorbing nutrients from food and delivering
nutrients to body cells
– Carrying carbon dioxide, a waste gas, from your
cells back to your lungs to be exhaled
– Delivering other waste products to the kidneys for
removal from the body
– Helping the white blood cells fight disease by
attacking infectious organisms
The cardiovascular system consists of heart, blood, and
blood vessels.
• Heart – is the muscle that makes the
cardiovascular system work
– Heart has four chambers:
– Top two are called atria, right atrium is an
area of muscle that acts as a pacemaker,
electrical impulse4s stimulate the atria to
contract, forcing blood into the ventricles.
– The lower two are ventricles are called
ventricles, there they stimulate muscles of
the ventricles to contract, pumping blood out
of the heart
How Blood Circulates
• Pulmonary circulation is the process by
which blood moves between the heart and
the lungs.
• Blood that has lost oxygen and picked up
carbon dioxide and wastes receives fresh
oxygen in the lungs.
• Oxygen-rich blood is circulated again
through the body
Blood
• Blood is the fluid that delivers oxygen, hormones, and
nutrients to the cells and carries away wastes, blood is
made up of the following:
– Plasma – 55% of total blood volume, fluid in which other parts of
the blood are suspended, mainly water, also contains nutrients,
proteins, salts and hormones
– Red blood cells - 40% of normal blood, contain hemoglobin
oxygen-carrying protein in blood, contains iron that binds oxygen
in the lungs and releases the oxygen in tissues, also combines
with carbon dioxide, carries from cells to the lungs.
– White blood cells – protect the body against infection, some
surround and ingest the organisms that cause disease, others
form antibodies that provide immunity against a second attack
from that specific disease, while others fight allergic reactions
– Platelets – types of cells in the blood that cause blood clots to
form, when wall of blood vessel tears, platelets collect, release
chemicals that stimulate blood to produce small thread-like
fibers, trap cells, help to from a clot, blocks flow of blood and
forms a scab.
• Four types of blood A, B, AB, and O.
• Each type is determined by the presence
or absence of certain substances called
antigens
• Types A, B, or AB possess antigens, a
person must receive blood from someone
with the same antigen, they can however,
receive type O blood, this contains no
antigens
• Type O blood are called universal donors,
anyone can receive their blood.
• Rh factor is in some blood, if blood contain
Rh, you are Rh positive, if not you are Rh
negative
Blood Vessels
• Arteries – blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood
away from the heart, vessels that branch into
progressively smaller vessels called arterioles which
deliver blood to capillaries
• Capillaries – small vessels that carry blood from
arterioles and to small vessels called venules, which
empty into veins, capillaries near the skin’s surface can
also dilate, allowing heat to escape through the skin,
they can also constrict to reduce heat loss in body
temperature drops below normal.
• Veins – blood vessels that return blood to the heart,
veins are thinner and less elastic than arteries, they can
withstand the pressure exerted by blood flowing through
them; large veins vena cava carry deoxygenated blood
to the right atrium of the heart
Lymph Circulation Works
• Lymphatic system consists of a network of
vessels and tissues that move and filter
lymph, the clear fluid that fills the spaces
around body cells, contains water and
proteins, fats and specialized white blood
cells (lymphocytes – protect the body
against pathogens)
• Pathogens – a microorganism that
causes diseases
Healthy habits can help protect the health of the
cardiovascular and lympathic systems
• Eat a well-balanced diet
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Participate in regular aerobic exercise for
at least 30 minutes three or four times per
week
• Avoid secondhand smoke and using
tobacco products
• Avoid illegal drug use
• Get regular medical checkups
Blood Pressure
Pressure in the arteries is created when the
ventricles contract
Blood pressure – a measure of the amount of
force that the blood places on the walls of blood
vessels, particularly large arteries, as it is
pumped through the body.
Blood pressure has two numbers systolic pressure
(top) – the maximum pressure the heart
contracts to push blood into arteries, diastolic
(bottom) – measures pressure at its lowest point
when ventricles relax
Some cardiovascular problems are inherited; others result from
illness, diet, or aging.
• Congenital heart defects – present at birth, septal defect is a
hole in the septum that allows oxygenated blood to mix with
oxygen-depleted blood. This can result from poor health of
baby’s mother during pregnancy
• Hearth murmurs – hole in the heart, or leaking or
malfunctioning value
• Varicose veins – valves in veins not closing tightly enough to
prevent backflow of blood
• Anemia – ability of the blood to carry oxygen is reduced
(blood may contain low numbers of red blood cells or low
concentrations of hemoglobin)
• Hemophilia – inherited disorder, blood does not clot,
(treatment – injections that introduce missing clotting proteins
into the blood)
• Leukemia – cancer in which white blood cells are produced
excessively and abnormally, susceptible to infections, severe
anemia, an uncontrolled bleeding, ( chemotherapy, radiation,
and bone marrow are treatments)
Problems of the lymphatic system can change from mild to life-threatening
• Tonsillitis – tonsils reduce the number of
pathogens entering the body through the
respiratory system, if infected, tonsillitis result
• Immune deficiency – immune system is weakened
and can no longer protect the body against
infection, can be congenital condition in which the
body cannot make specialized white blood cells,
limiting protection against infection, other causes
include HIV, chemotherapy, sometimes aging.
• Hodgkin's disease – Hodgkin’s lymphoma, kind of
cancer affects the lymph issue found in lymph
nodes and the spleen (early detention and
treatment is essential for recovery) removal of
lymph nodes, radiation and chemotherapy are
treatment forms