Download DO NOW - History With Ms. Harding

*PERIOD
1
A
B
C
D
Florence
Henry
Micky
David
Jennifer
Yong
Jimmy
Stephanie
Cindy
Can Yao
Carey
Ken
Ysabelle
Lauren
Semira
Gabe
Rasmus
Michael
E
F
G
Showba
Jonathan
Tony
Gina
Marie
Sumaya
Xin
Zhi
Kenneth
Felix
Genesis
Amelan
Arlinda
Nov. 20, 2014
DO NOW:
Compare
Chinese Social
Hierarchy with
that of Ancient
Egypt, India,
and/or
Mesopotamia.
*PERIOD 2
A
B
C
D
Nov. 20, 2014
Andy
Kayla
Martha
Ollie
Justin
Nailah
Emily
Giovani
Ruth
Jason
Dennis
Helen
Matthew
Gabriela
Ashley
Can
DO NOW:
E
F
G
Jori
Yu Wei
Bryan
Paula
Eric
Sebastian
Julia
Amy
Alan
Jonathan
Nicholas
Tasmia
Compare Chinese
Social Hierarchy
with that of Ancien
Egypt, India,
and/or
Mesopotamia.
Period 6.
Nov. 20, 2014
AIM: What factors allowed for the rise & fall of the Han Dynasty?
A
B
C
Genis
Begum
Jayliz
Kevin
Ya Ying
Pamela
Riley
Leila
Lina
Natasha
Timothy
Camille
Miguel
Arianna
D
E
F
Camisse
Britney
Andrew
Zhen Ni
Tyler
Atiya
Oscar
Kyle
Yu Tong
Amber
Elving
Oumou
Gabriella
Josephine
Tony
DO NOW:
Compare Chinese
Social Hierarchy
with that of
Ancient Egypt,
India, and/or
Mesopotamia.
Period 7.
Nov. 20, 2014
AIM: What factors allowed for the rise & fall of the Han Dynasty?
A
B
C
Corey
Henry S
Andrew
Nicolle
Kevin
Kayla
Raul
Stanley
Israel
Evelyn
Silvia
Yaa
Krystal
Yang
Emily
D
E
F
Alex Cen
Madeline
Nikki
Serena
Akyisa
Alex Chen
Amer
Henry G
Jacky
Dahlia
Erika
Judah
Henry L
Tiffany
DO NOW:
Compare Chinese
Social Hierarchy
with that of
Ancient Egypt,
India, and/or
Mesopotamia.
Thursday, Nov. 20
AIM: What factors allowed for the rise of the Han
Dynasty and which factors resulted in its collapse?
DO NOW: Chinese Social Hierarchy
AGENDA:
- Collect 2 current events (total)+ quote analysis
paper (2 quotes from Conf., Legal, Dao)
- Review Dynasties so far
- Group discussion of Chapter
HOMEWORK: Definitions due Tomorrow
Monday – CATCH UP ON MISSING WORK + M.C. Quiz
• Shang Dynasty 1700 – 1027 bce
(before current era)
• Zhou Dynasty
1027 – 256 bce
(based on Mandate of Heaven)
• Warring States Period – 450 – 221 bce
Confucius, Laozi, Plato, Socrates, Buddha
• Qin Shi Huangdi!!!!!! (Ch’in) 221 – 207 bce
Great Wall
Unified Writing
Legalists – killed hundreds, burned books
• Han Dynasty - 202 bce  220 c.e. (current era)
Do Now: Examine the maps of the dynasties. Describe the physical change in the size, extent,
and areas included for each dynasty
Han Dynasty
206 BCE-220 CE
Han Dynasty:
Administration



Liu Bang restores order using military support
________
and brilliant advisors. (206 – 195 B.C.E.)
Centralized imperial rule of Qin
Continued_____________________
decentralization of the
A middle path between ______________
tight
Zhou and _____centralization
of the Qin. He
allowed large landholdings but also created
administrative districts governed by officials.
Han Administration






Han Wudi
___________,
the “Martial Emperor”
shaped policies of administrative
centralization and imperial expansion.
(141-87 B.C.E.)
Used a Legalist principles of
government.
eunuchs as close advisors
Used ________
because they could not produce a family
to threaten authority
bureaucracy
Built a __________
roads and ______
canals to facilitate
Built ______
communication
Established imperial monopolies
_________ on the
production of iron and salt and levied
taxes.




Adopts some Confucian ideals!
Established civil service system
Develops imperial university – used
Confucianism as the basis for its
curriculum.
Needed educated group of men to
effectively run centralized bureaucratic
government
Foreign Policy:
• Expanded his power – invaded Vietnam
and Korea and spread Confucian values.
• Threatened by Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu),
nomadic people from steppes of central
Asia. Maodun was most feared leader.
• Han Wudi invaded the Xiongnu lands and
seized sole control of the east and central
Asia.
Wang Mang “The Socialist Emperor”



9 – 23 CE
Wang Mang was a respected Han minister who
claimed the Mandate of Heaven and ruled China.
Made major reforms:



Limited the amount of land a family could hold
Ordered officials to break up large estates
Land redistribution: Provided landless individuals with
property to cultivate.
Major Problems:
•Lack of communication and organization led to mass confusion
•Landlords and peasants both resisted reforms
•Poor harvests and famine sparked revolts
•Wang Mang was overthrown and killed!
The Civil Service Examination
•The concept of a state ruled by men of ability and virtue was an outgrowth of
Confucian philosophy. The examination system was an attempt to recruit men on the
basis of merit rather than on the basis of family or political connection.
meritocracy
(_____________)
•If a person passed the provincial examination, his entire family was raised in status
scholar gentry thereby receiving prestige and privilege.
to that of _____________,
•The texts studied for the
examination were the Confucian
classics. Although only a small
percentage of students could
achieve office, students spent 20
to 30 years memorizing the
orthodox commentaries in
preparation for a series of up to
eight examinations for the
highest degree.
Exam candidates gather around the wall where the results had been posted. (c. 1540)
The Civil Service Examination
Three levels:
•Local district/prefectural exams.
A person passing these exams was
awarded the title of a budding
scholar was exempted from certain
military drafts, public works duties and
some taxes.
•Provincial exams, which were given
once every three years at the provincial
capital. A budding scholar who passed
these exams was awarded the title of a
Juren (elevated scholar)
•The “joint” exams, followed by the palace exams. Those who passed the
joint exams were given the title of a Gongsheng (tributary scholar) and those
who passed the final step of the palace exams were given the much coveted title
and privileges of a Jinshi (advanced scholar) and were eligible for official
appointments.
The Civil Service Examination
•Both the district and the palace
exams were one-day long.
•The provincial and the joint
exams each was a long (9days
and 9 nights) a harsh experience
that took place in large prison-like
examination compounds.
•Candidates were tested on
knowledge, which was
demonstrated through written
essays, of the contents of nine
classic texts of Confucian
philosophy and history called the
Four Books and Five Classics; on
poetry; on the writing of official
documents; and on national policy
issues.
These exams were open to all and a
person could take these exams as
many times as desired, provided that
person had already passed the
previous level of exams.
To what extent is this a true meritocracy?
The Civil Service Examination
•Severe punishments were meted out for people caught cheating, including caning or
being placed in stocks for a month. There were occasional cases where cheaters were
executed.
•By the Song dynasty, large prison-like exam compounds that could accommodate up
to 20,000+ examinees with armed guards and with thorny bushes planted around the
outer walls were built.
•During the exams, very strict exam
procedures were followed
- Candidates were divided into small
groups responsible for each other’s
behaviors.
- Watchtowers were built around
the exam compounds
- Very strict personal search
(including body searches)
-strict and precise rules and
specifications regarding clothing
-close constant proctoring
-anonymity in scoring through
concealed names
Technology of the Han Dynasty
Which of the following were invented first by the
Chinese, specifically during the Han Dynasty?
1. Paper
2. The Wheelbarrow
3. The Hot Air Balloon
4. The Ship Rudder
Wasn’t that the
Egyptians?
Must be a
European thing
Wasn’t that
DaVinci?
I am sure that
was the Spanish
or the
Portuguese
Technology of the Han Dynasty
Wheelbarrows did not exist in Europe before the
eleventh or twelfth century. Descriptions of the
wheelbarrow in China refer to first century BC, and the
oldest surviving picture, a frieze relief from a tombshrine in Szechuan province, dates from about 118 AD.
Papyrus, the inner bark of the papyrus plant, is not true
paper. Paper is a sheet of sediment which results from the
settling of a layer of disintegrated fibers from a watery
solution onto a flat mold. Once the water is drained away,
the deposited layer is removed and dried. The oldest
surviving piece of paper in the world is made of hemp
fibers and dates from between the years 140 and 87 BC.
The oldest paper with writing on it, also from China, is
dated to 110 AD and contains about two dozen characters.
Technology of the Han Dynasty
Until Europeans adopted the
rudder from the Chinese,
Western ships had to make do
with steering oars. This meant
that long voyages of discovery by
Europeans were impossible. The
famous voyages of Christopher
Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and
others of their time were only
made possible by the adoption of
Chinese nautical technology.
Chinese globe lanterns made of paper, like the
one shown here, were used as miniature hot-air
balloons in China for centuries. The invention of
paper came at about the same time as the first
balloons were tested - the second century
Technology of the Han Dynasty
2nd century
BCE
Paper invented - 1400 years later in Western civilization
The rotary winnowing fan - 2000 years later in the West
The multi-tube seed drill - 1800 years later in the West
Crank handle - 1100 years later in the West
Manufacture of steel from cast iron - 2000 years later in the West
Science of endocrinology - 2100 years later in the West
Hexagonal structure of snowflakes - 1800 years later in the West
Parachute - 2000 years later in the West
Miniature hot-air balloons - 1400 years later in the West
Tuned drums - 2000 years later in the West
1st century BCE
Deep drilling for natural gas - 1900 years later in the West
Belt drive - 1400-1800 years later in the West
Wheelbarrow - 1300 years later in the West
Sliding calipers - 1700 years later in the West
Hermetically sealed labs - about 2000 years later in the West
1st century CE
Water power - 1200 years later in the West
Chain pump - 1400 years later in the West
Suspension bridge - 1800 years later in the West
The rudder - 1100 years later in the West
Seismograph (130 AD) - 1400 years later in the West
Fall of the Han Dynasty
There were three main types of difficulties: political, social,
and economic
Categorize the following problems on your worksheet:
•Big distinctions between
rich and poor led to peasant
discontent
•Slaves and tenant
farmers worked on large
estates; small farms
could not compete
•Unequal land distribution
•Later Han dynasty
was weakened by
threats to power
•Wang Mang temporarily
seized the throne and
implemented land reform
that was not adhered to
•The Yellow Turban
revolt was organized
by peasants
•Nomads threatened
the empire