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Earth’s Motion • Earth has two major types of motion • Earth’s _________________________ • Earth’s _________________________ EARTH’S ROTATION • The spinning of the Earth on its ____________ • the axis is the ___________________ line that runs vertically through the _______________of the Earth • rotates from ______________ to ________________ • Rotation of the Earth produces 2 main effects: • ______________causes the length of a day to be about _________________________ • Causes daily changes from day to night • At all times _____________of the Earth faces the sun, while the other half is in __________________ • Areas within the Artic & Antarctic circles experience several weeks of daylight or darkness depending on the time of _____________. EARTH’S REVOLUTION • The movement of Earth around the sun • Earth’s ______________ is the slightly elliptical path that it travels around the sun • The sun is not in the center: • Around _____________________earth is about 147million km away (closer) • Around _________________earth is about 152 million km away (farther) • Revolution has 2 major effects: • The time it takes Earth to revolve around the sun _________________defines the length of a ____________ • It takes _____________days to make ________complete revolution • Every 4th year is __________year to make up for the extra day we gained • Earth revolves with a tilt of the axis • The revolution causes the _____________________seasons CHANGING SEASONS If we are closer in January than in July, why is it that we have OUR coldest days of the year during this time? • Earth’s tilted axis combined with the revolution causes seasons to change • • Earth’s axis is at an angle of 23.5° to its ________________ • The axis always points in the ______________direction as the Earth orbits the Sun • The Northern hemisphere points__________________the sun half of the year & ________________ from the sun for half the year • The tilt causes the Earth’s surface to receive ___________________amounts of _______________energy throughout the year Solstices • A _______________ is the day when the Sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the _________________. • The day Earth is tilted __________ toward the sun • ___________________ is the ______________ solstice (northern hemisphere) • The most direct rays hit the Tropic of _____________ in the northern hemisphere causing the northern hemisphere to have ___________ temperatures and ______________ sunlight hours • ______________ day of sunlight for the year • Daylight gets a little ______________ each day ____________ the solstice EQUINOX • An _____________________ is the day the Sun’s rays are directly above the Earth’s equator. • During this time _______________ amounts of sunlight are received all over the earth with the most direct rays hitting at 90° at the ________________ • _____________________is the _______________ equinox (northern hemisphere) • ________________________ is the _________________ equinox (northern hemisphere) • Seasons are _____________________ in the Southern Hemisphere. SEASONS AT A GLANCE (Fill in the chart) • The height of the sun above the horizon varies with the season. RADIATION FROM THE SUN • The hemisphere that is tilted toward the sun receives _____________ daylight hours and _______________more radiation from the sun • The sun’s radiation strikes the earth surface at a _________________angle when the hemisphere is tilted toward the sun • The higher the angle the _________radiation the earth absorbs, creating ____________temperatures. CLIMATIC ZONES • The amount of sunlight affects Climatic Zones • The __________________, distance north or south from the equator, affects the _____________________that commonly occur in that area. • The _____________________from the equator the less direct the suns rays are • Theses yearly patterns cause weather patterns to occur in different regions of the earth that create ______________________ . Things I might want to know for the test: (Please use these questions as part of your study guide, in other words….DO NOT LOSE this ) 1. Which day has the MOST sunlight in the United States? ______________________________. What is this day called? ______________________. 2. How long would it take the Earth to complete 4 orbits around the Sun? ____________________________. 3. What month would have the hottest surface temps in the Southern Hemisphere? ______________________. 4. If the Earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, how many degrees would rotate on its axis in 2 hours? _____________. 5. What would happen if the Earth’s rate of rotation were to decrease? ________________________________________________________. 6. In the Northern Hemisphere, during which month does the solstice with the shortest day and longest night occur? ________________________________. 7. Why is it necessary to add a day to the calendar every four years?______________________________________________________________. 8. What causes the apparent rising and setting of the sun as seen from Earth? ________________________________________________.