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Causes for and Effects of European Exploration 1450-1650 Portugal, Spain, France, Britain and the Netherlands Click for Video 1420- what is going on the world? China - Ming Dynasty Japan - Shogun period Saharan/ North Africa Songhai Empire Sub-Saharan Africa Swahili city states; Great Zimbabwe Americas - Aztec & Inca India - separate rajput Middle EastOttoman Expansion Europe: – recovery from Black – – – – Death Renaissance 100 Years’ War National monarchies Printing press What did they already know? Marco Polo - his purported travels to the Court of Kublai Khan created interest in exploration (Cristobal Colon voyages with this book) “Spice Islands”- the Malaccas of Indonesiavisited by Zheng He Banking system provides money for a Commercial Revolution – Joint stock company- a business organization that sells shares of stock ownership in a company Why? Reasons for Exploration God convert the heathens Gold trading goods Glory adventure or power God- to spread the Christian faith - first Catholicism and then Protestantism Gold - gold itself (more gold = more power!) wealth to be made from spice trade especially from the Malaccas or “Spice Islands,” later other commodities were added. They hoped to get wealthy with a new route to Asia Glory - often the younger sons of a noble, or a poor sailor; conquistadors; nationalism - fame for your country How? New Technology From the Arabs or Chinese – 1. Early maps called portolani from Arabs – later cartographers created accurate maps and charts, they accounted for curvature of the earth so useful on overseas voyages – 2. astrolabe to determine latitude while at sea – 3. lateen (triangular) sailscan sail INTO the wind – 4. magnetic compass From Europeans – development of caravels • carried more goods • multi-masted ships with large holds Areas Explored Portugal: coastal Africa, Indian Ocean, East Indies, Brazil Spain: Southern U.S., SW U.S., Mexico, Central America, South America, and West Indies Video One France: North America- Mississippi River, Great Lakes, Louisiana England: Atlantic Coast, Hudson Bay in Canada Dutch: East Indies, Spice Islands and SW tip of Africa Portugal leads the Way! Prince Henry the Navigator Afonso de Albuquerque1510- Goa (India), Melaka - established School for (Malay pen.), Spice Islands Navigators- redesigned ships, (Moluccas) made maps, trained captains and crews Ferdinand Magellan - explored West African coast (Spanish) to Songhai ((Fernão de Magalhães) Bartolomeu Dias 1488 1521- circumnavigated the Sails around south tip of world Africa Missionaries sought to convert Vasco de Gama - 1498 gets natives to Christianity to India by sailing around Africa Returned with cargo of spices 1000% profit Click for Video Race for the Americas Spain Competes with Portugal financed by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Cristobal Colon- 1492- sailed west to find Spice Islands; found Hispaniola in the West Indies instead… Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Pope divided new world between Spain and Portugal Missionaries sought to convert natives to Christianity Race for the Americas Pedro Cabral (P)- 1500coast of South America; with Amerigo Vespucci Giovanni Caboto- (UK)1497- New England coast Henry Hudson (Neth.)1609- N. America Jacques Cartier (F)- 1534St. Lawrence River. The French also sought to convert natives to Christianity. Economic Impact New World - destruction of empires; plantation system - sugar, cotton, vanilla, livestock North America- colonies created for religious and economic gain by Dutch and English - Jamestown, Virginia (1607) and Massachusetts Bay Colony(1630) Europe - increased economic competition for land, spice and gold trade - development of major trading corporations: Dutch East India Company (1600)- India; Dutch West India Company (1600)- Hudson valley, New Netherlands Negative Consequences Diseases - chicken pox, measles, flu, smallpoxkilled 90% of native population Slavery (phase 1) - Spanish made slaves of Native Americans Military force - Dutch used military to control Asian ports Slavery (phase 2) – Spanish, Portuguese and English imported African slaves to work on the plantations Class system - Spain instituted an authoritarian government and a rigid class system with natives and slaves at the bottom Positive and Lasting Contributions to North American Life Languages: Spanish and English (most important) – Place names: (in USA) • Spanish in Florida, Texas and the US SW • French along Mississippi River and Great Lakes • Dutch in New York Economic Structure: stock based companies and profit goals are from the Dutch and English Law concepts from the English and Spanish Government responsible to the people Click for Video Bullion Buillon Mercantilismthe reason for colonies There is a FIXED amount of gold in the world and we need to find it ALL! Economic policy for gaining wealth from colonies Export more than you import - favorable balance of trade Get raw goods from colonies, sell them finished goods Control balance of trade with colonies High tariffs on imports from other nations Encourage those industries that expanded trade Goal: wealth in the form of GOLD (bullion)