Download Human Body Project Auditory System

Human Body Project
Auditory System
By Hector Rodriguez and Fernando
Trinidad
Structure of the Auditory System
• In the human body, the system is responsible for taking in
sound from the environment is known as the Auditory
System.
• The hearing structure of the ear is divided into three parts.
• Structure:
• The Outer Ear: consists of the external ear structure, called
the pinna, and the external canal.
• The Middle Ear: contains the tympanic membrane, or
eardrum, and three small bones known as ossicles.
• The Inner Ear: contains the cochlea and connected bony
structures called the semicircles.
The Outer Ear Functions
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The external ear consist of two portions:
1. Pinna is the skin covered flabby
cartilage of the ear visible on both sides of
the head.
-Its function is to protect the eardrum
(tympanic membrane).
2. External Canal: In the external canal
there sweat glands that secrete ear wax.
- The external canal is important, these
glands and hair cells prevent dust from
entering the ear.
Sound starts as acoustic energy when it
enters the pinna. Then leads to the Middle
Ear.
The Middle Ear
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The Middle Ear contains the eardrum and
three small bones known as ossicles.
The three types of ossicles bones are:
Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.
Function of ossicles:
- Only 99.9% of sound is reflected due to
the high impedance of fluid in the
cochlea.0.1% is loss in the air.
The Middle ears bones overcome the lost
of sound by increasing sound
pressure(+34dB) this process is known as
impendence matching
Basically it sets three ossicle bones
(malleus,Incus, and Stapes) into motions,
changing the acoustic energy to
mechanical energy. These bones amplify
sound.
The Inner Ear
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Major function of the inner ear is
hearing:
It transmits sound to neutral impulse and
gives resonant frequency.
Inner hair cells: produce sensation of
hearing
Outer hair cells: modify basilar
membrane
When the stapes move in and out of the
oval window, it creates a fluid motion,
which is called hydrodynamic energy.
Finally, causes membranes in the organ of
corti to shear against the hair cells. This
creates an electrochemical signal then
it sends the sounds to the auditory nerve
to the brain where the sound is
recognized.
Disease and Treatment
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One dysfunction is deafness, the absence of
functional hearing. People who are deaf may be
able to detect some sounds, but are unlikely to be
able to use sound alone as a component of the
learning system.
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What are some causes:
Aging
Certain drugs
Infection
Injury
Noise exposure
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Treatment
People with hearing loss can use a hearing aid or other
amplification devices. Others individuals choose to
have a cochlear implant, which helps the hearing
system transmit sound signals to the brain.
10 Facts
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The Outer Ear: consists of the external ear structure, called the pinna, and the external
canal.
The Middle Ear: contains the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, and three small bones
known as ossicles.
The Inner Ear: contains the cochlea and connected bony structures called the semicircles.
In the human body, the system is responsible for taking in sound from the environment is
known as the Auditory System.
The three types of ossicles bones are: Malleus, Incus, and Stapes.
The Middle ears bones overcome the lost of sound by increasing sound pressure(+34dB) this
process is known as impendence matching
When the stapes move in and out of the oval window, it creates a fluid motion, which is called
hydrodynamic energy.
deafness, the absence of functional hearing.
The external canal is important, because the glands and hair cells prevent dust from entering
the ear.
Only 99.9% of sound is reflected due to the high impedance of fluid in the cochlea.0.1% is
loss in the air.
Bibliography
"Auditory System." Stanford University. Web. 29 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.stanford.edu/class/me220/data/lectures
/lect01/auditory.html>.
"Auditory System." TheFreeDictionary.com. Web. 29
A<http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Auditor
y%20System>.
"Auditory System." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24
Apr. 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2012.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_system>.