Download Name Day/Block ______ Ancient Greece Notes

Name __________________________
Day/Block ______
Ancient Greece Notes Guide
SOL WHI.5 - The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on
Western Civilization by...
a) assessing the influence of geography on Greek economic, social, and political development, including the
impact of Greek commerce and colonies
Location and Place
Aegean and Mediterranean Seas
Economic & Social Development
Limited arable land
Balkan and Peloponnesus
Peninsulas, Europe, Asia Minor
Athens, Sparta, Troy, and
Macedonia
Commerce and spread of Hellenic
culture through trade
Shift from barter to money economy
(coins)
Political Development
Mountainous land helped and hurt
development of city-states
Greek city-states were designed to
promote civic and commercial life
Colonization related to
overpopulation and search for
arable land
Black Sea and Dardanelles
b) describing Greek mythology and religion
Greek Mythology
 Based on polytheistic religion
 Explanation of things that happen in everyday life
 Had human qualities and emotions
Greek Gods and Goddesses
 Zeus = King of Gods
 Hera = Goddess of Marriage
 Apollo = God of Light and Sun
 Artemis = Goddess of the Hunt
 Athena = Goddess of Wisdom
 Aphrodite = Goddess of Love and Beauty
c) identifying the social structure and role of slavery, explaining the significance of citizenship and the
development of democracy, and comparing the city-states of Athens and Sparta
Social structure and citizenship in the Greek polis
 Citizens (free adult males) had political rights and responsibility of civic participation in government
 Women and foreigners had no political rights
 Slaves had no political rights
 Slavery was NOT based on race – slaves were usually prisoners of war or people who couldn’t pay
their debts
Athens
Stages in evolution of Athenian government:
Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy
Tyrants who worked for reform: Draco and Solon
Origin of democratic principles: direct democracy,
public debate, duties of the citizen
Sparta
Oligarchy (rule by a small group)
Rigid social structure
Militaristic and aggressive society
d) evaluating the significance of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars
Importance of Persian Wars (499 - 449 BC)
 Persian Wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire
 Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the
Mediterranean Sea
 Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture
Importance of Peloponnesian War (431 - 404 BC)
 Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world – Athens and the Delian League vs.
Sparta and the Peloponnesian League
 Resulted in the slowing of cultural advance and weakening of political power
e) characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles
f) citing contributions in drama, poetry, history, sculpture, architecture, science, math, and philosophy
Golden Age of Pericles (between Persian and Peloponnesian Wars)
 Extended democracy; most adult males had equal voice
 Rebuilt Athens after destruction in Persian War (Parthenon)
Drama
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Poetry
Homer
Iliad
Odyssey
History
Herodotus
Thucydides
Sculpture
Phidias
Columns
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian
Science
Archimedes
Hippocrates
Math
Euclid
Pythagoras
Philosophy
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
g) explaining the conquest of Greece by Macedonia and the formation and spread of Hellenistic culture by
Alexander the Great
Phillip II, King of Macedon
 Conquered most of Greece
Alexander the Great
 Established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India
 Extended Greek cultural influences
Hellenistic Age
 Blend of Greek and oriental elements
 Spread of Hellenistic culture through trade
Ancient Greece Vocabulary
City-State
Arable
Peninsula
Terrain
Aristocrat
Architecture
Philosophy
Economy
Alliance
Conquer
What is a peninsula?
Label:
Aegean Sea
Mediterranean
Sea
Black Sea
Asia Minor
Peloponnesus
Peninsula
Balkan
Peninsula
Athens
Sparta
Macedonia
What is arable land?
How did the Greeks get more
farmable land?
How did the mountainous
terrain of Greece affect citystates?
Minoans
Mycenaeans
Was the Trojan War a real event?
Where did the Greeks get their
alphabet from?
Polytheistic =
Greek Gods
Hera:
Apollo:
Zeus:
Artemis:
Athena:
Aphrodite:
Polis =
Polis
Citizenship
in the Greek
Polis
No Political
Rights
Political
Rights
Monarchy =
Oligarchy = Aristocracy =
Tyranny =
Democracy =
Direct Democracy =
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Tyranny
Democracy
Duties of
Citizens
Life in
Athens
How did Spartans get more
land?
Helots =
Spartan Government =
What was Sparta’s main focus?
Sparta
How were Spartan women
different from Athenian women?
Life in
Sprata
Theater
Homer
Herodotus =
Thucydides wrote:
Greek Architecture/Columns
Ionic =
Doric =
Corinthian =
Archimedies:
Hippocrates =
Euclid =
Pythagoras:
Greek Philosophers
How did the Greeks win the
Battle of Marathon?
The Persian War __________
Athens and Sparta against a
common enemy.
Marathon
Thermopylae
Persians set out
to attack Athens
Athens gets control of
_______Sea and
_____________ Sea
Persians
Defeated
Salamis
Delian League =
Who ruled during Athens’
Golden Age?
Pericles
What goddess was this temple
dedicated to?
Peloponnesian War
Who did Sparta ally with to
beat the Athenians?
Which group won the
Peloponnesian War?
Peloponnesian
War
Athens
Greek city-states
Why was Phillip II able to conquer Greece after the Persians failed?
What river was the eastern
boundary of Alexander’s
Empire?
How did Alexander spread
Hellenistic culture?
Hellenistic
Culture