Download The Fundamental Units of Life Classwork Name: 7th Grade PSI

The Fundamental Units of Life Classwork
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
1. Using the four characteristics of living things, explain whether plants are living
things or not.
2. Cells are microscopic. What does this mean?
3. Are you an organism? Explain how you know.
4. Are rocks living or nonliving? Justify your answer using the cell theory.
5. Bacteria are each composed of one cell that does not have a membrane-bound
organelle. What two terms characterize bacteria?
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
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The Fundamental Units of Life Homework
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
6. Where are cells found? Provide two examples of where cells are found.
7. Explain whether each of the following statements is correct or incorrect using the
cell theory:
a. Even very simple organisms like bacteria are composed of cells.
b. The basic building blocks of a starfish are its spine, which give it its unique
shape.
c. When you heal from a cut, new skin cells are created from existing cells.
8. Are leaves living or nonliving? Justify your answer using the cell theory.
9. Explain the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Give an
example of each.
10. Describe the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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7th Grade PSI
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Cell Structure and Function Classwork
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
11. The liver is an organ that is responsible for detoxification. This means that it
breaks down toxins in the body. Explain which organelle is important for the
function of the liver.
12. Proteins are important molecules in the body. Some proteins help to speed up
reactions; others aid in DNA replication; still others are a source of structure,
such as hair and nails. Name three organelles that work with proteins in the cell.
13. The leaves of an oak tree and a rabbit’s fur are both part of living organisms.
They are both multicellular and eukaryotic. Despite these similarities, however,
there are also some differences between the two. Name three things that would
be found in cells of an oak tree leaf but not in the cells of rabbit’s fur? What
accounts for these differences?
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
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Cell Structure and Function Homework
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
Fill out the chart by describing each function and noting in what type of cell the structure
is found.
Structure
Function
Animal
Cell
Plant
Cell
Cell
membrane
Cytosol
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi
apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Cell wall
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
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7th Grade PSI
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Cell Structure and Function Classwork
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
Each of the following statements is an example of a type of tissue. Label each
statement with the type of tissue described.
14. ______________________________
our bodies from injury and infection.
Our skin cells form tissue that protect
15. ______________________________ When you put your hand on a hot stove,
this type of tissue communicates with your brain and makes you quickly jerk your
hand away.
16. ______________________________
food through the digestive system.
The walls of the small intestine move
17. ______________________________ The pancreas is an example of an
endocrine gland. This gland secretes insulin, a hormone that helps to regulate
sugar in the blood.
18. ______________________________
tissue that stores fat.
Adipose cells compose this type of
19. ______________________________ The heart pumps blood throughout the
body and is composed of this type of tissue.
20. ______________________________
muscles to the heel bone.
The Achilles tendon attaches the calf
21. ______________________________
functions, such as breathing.
The tissue of the brain controls various
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
Information Processing
Fill out the flowchart with the correct order of organization in the body, from smallest to
largest. Define each level and include at least two examples of each. Use the following
terms: tissue, organism, organ system, cell, organ.
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
Information Processing
Cell Structure and Function Homework
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
Each of the following statements describes a component of an organ system. Label
each statement with the type of system described.
22. ______________________________ When food is digested in the small
intestine, nutrients pass into blood vessels, called capillaries, in the lining of the
intestine. The capillaries transport the nutrients to other cells in the body.
23. ______________________________ The human rib cage consists of 24 ribs.
One of the functions of the rib cage is to protect the heart.
24. ______________________________ The gallbladder is a small organ located
below the liver. It releases bile, a substance that helps to digest fats.
25. ______________________________
oxygen-poor cells via the arteries.
Oxygen from the lungs is transported to
26. ______________________________ The transverse abdominals are muscles
that wrap around the waist and pull the body in and upwards. These muscles are
important for good posture.
27. ______________________________ Alveoli are little sacs in the lungs where
gas exchange occurs. On average, the human lungs contains 700 million alveoli.
28. ______________________________ The esophagus is a hollow tube that
transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.
29. ______________________________ When playing soccer, the iliotibial band
and the adductor leg muscles are essential for kicking and jumping.
30. ______________________________ Bone marrow is located in the middle of
the bones and is the site of red blood cell production.
31. ______________________________
oxygen into the lungs.
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The trachea is a hollow tube that brings
7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
Information Processing
Information Processing in
Living Systems Classwork
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
32. Why are sensory receptors important?
33. Describe the two parts of the nervous system.
34. Sunlight shines in your window and wakes you up early Saturday morning. What
type of stimulus is this and why?
35. What makes a reflex different from other stimuli?
36. You walk into the kitchen in the evening and smell food in the oven. A moment
later, you start to salivate. Identify the sensory input, integration, and motor
output components of this reaction.
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
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Information Processing in
Living Systems Homework
Name: _________________________
7th Grade PSI
37. Bundles of nerve cells that relay information from your fingers to your spinal cord
would be part of which component of the nervous system?
38. Where in the body is sensory information integrated?
39. Upon hearing a sudden, loud noise, you instantaneously startle. What type of
stimulus is this and why?
40. A toddler falls down and scrapes his knee, causing him to curl into a ball and to
start crying. What type of stimulus is this and why?
41. What are the three steps describing how the nervous system functions?
42. Describe an everyday example of the three steps involved in the function of the
nervous system.
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
Information Processing
Answer Key
1. Plants are living things because they
 grow; they may start as seeds and grow
 respond to stimuli; they may start to wilt if exposed to too much sun or
harsh weather
 reproduce through pollination
 use the sun’s energy for growth and reproduction
2. Cells cannot be seen by the naked eye. They can only be seen using a
microscope.
3. Yes; humans exhibit the four characteristics of living things (growth, respond to
stimuli, reproduce, use energy for growth and reproduction) AND humans can
function on their own.
4. Rocks are nonliving. They are not composed of cells.
5. Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic.
6. Cells are found in living organisms. Two examples where cells are found are
humans and starfish.
7. a) Correct; All living things are composed of one or more cells even unicellular
organisms. b) Incorrect; Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living
things. c) Correct; Cells arise from other cells.
8. Leaves are living because they are composed of cells, which are the basic unit of
structure and function. All leaf cells arise from other leaf cells.
9. Unicellular organisms are composed of one cell; bacteria. Multicellular organisms
are composed on multiple cells; humans.
10. Prokaryotes are unicellular and have no membrane-bound organelles. They are
usually smaller than eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are unicellular or multicellular, have
membrane-bound organelles, and are usually much larger than prokaryotes.
11. Lysosomes because they contain enzymes that breakdown and recycle material.
12. Ribosomes, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum
13. Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast; a rabbit contains animal cells while the oak tree
contains plant cells.
Structure
Function
Animal
Cell
Plant
Cell
Cell
membrane
Regulates what goes in and out of the cell.
X
X
Cytosol
Holds organelles in place inside the cell.
X
X
Nucleus
Controls the cell and houses DNA.
X
X
Ribosomes
Makes proteins.
X
X
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7th Grade PSI
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Information Processing
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Serves as a pathway around the cell.
X
X
Golgi
apparatus
Packages and ships proteins out of the cell.
X
X
Lysosomes
Breaks down materials.
X
X
Mitochondria
Powers the cell. Creates energy.
X
X
Cell wall
Outer covering that supports and protects the
cell.
X
Vacuoles
Stores water and salt and supports the
structure.
X
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis – creates energy out of
sunlight.
X
14. Epithelial tissue
15. Nervous tissue
16. Muscle tissue
17. Epithelial tissue
18. Connective tissue
19. Muscle tissue
20. Connective tissue
21. Nervous tissue
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
Information Processing
Cell
•Basic unit of structure and function for
all living things
•Examples will vary (skin, fat, blood,
etc)
Tissue
•Similar cells carrying out a specific function
•Examples will vary (muscle, nervous, etc)
Organ
•A structure that contains at least two
different types of tissues, functioning for a
common purpose
•Examples will vary (heart, ear, etc)
Organ system
•A group of organs functioning as a system
•Examples will vary (nervous, digestive, etc)
Organism
•Any living thing
•Examples will vary (humans, dogs,etc)
22. Circulatory
23. Skeletal
24. Digestive
25. Circulatory
26. Muscular
27. Respiratory
28. Digestive
29. Muscular
30. Skeletal
31. Respiratory
32. Sensory receptors respond to stimuli and send signals to the brain for
processing. This is important to protect organisms from harm.
33. The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The
peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to limbs and
organs.
34. Electromagnetic because sunlight is a source of light and heat.
35. A reflex does not travel to the brain. It only travels to the spinal cord.
36. Sensory input: chemical stimulus of the smell of food. Integration: sensory
receptors send information to brain. Motor output: mouth starts to salivate.
37. Peripheral nervous system
38. Brain
39. Reflex- it happens instantaneously meaning it bypasses brain processing.
40. Mechanical stimulus- because it involves pressure
41. Sensory input, integration, motor output
42. Answers will vary.
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7th Grade PSI
Structure, Function &
Information Processing