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Jeopardy Scientist and Evidence of Fossils Evolution Natural Selection Speciation & Variation Curves and Vocab $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 Final Jeopardy 1 - $100 Scientist that believed Earth’s geologic features formed as a result of gradual processes and Floods, earthquakes, and glaciers of the present do not cause great destruction of Earth’s surfaces. Charles Lyell 1 - $200 Said that humans tend to produce more offspring than nature can support. Food production increases at a slower rate than population. Thomas Malthus 1 - $300 Believed that Nature selects those individuals w/ favorable traits to leave more offspring that are better suited or FIT for their environment Descent with modification occurs over time. Each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time Charles Darwin 1 - $400 The oldest fossils are found in ______ rock The oldest, more simple rocks are found in the lowest or highest layer? Sedimentary and Lowest 1 - $500 The two ways to determine the age of fossils? Relative Dating and Radioactive Dating 2 - $100 Animals that live in similar ecological conditions are exposed to similar pressures of natural selection. These animals evolve different characteristics. True or False? False 2 - $200 Similar structures but different functions Structures develop from same clump of embryonic cells. Homologous 2 - $300 Structures / organs that are reduced in size; do not seem to serve a useful function. Vestigial 2 - $400 Because embryos of vertebrates are very similar in early development, the same groups of embryonic cells develop in the same order and in similar patterns to produce tissues and organs. This implies they share a common ancestor. True or False? True 3 - $100 Adaptations being selected for increase an individual’s fitness in the environment Natural Selection 3 - $200 5 requirements of Natural Selection Variation, Over-population, Struggle for Existence, Fitness, and Adaptation over time 3 - $300 Helpful mutations lead to adaptation by increasing fitness and decreasing the death rate. What will happen to the frequency of the helpful mutation? It will increase 3 - $400 How does natural selection apply to survival of the fittest? The individuals that survive to reproduce more often have variations that are best suited to the environment (survival of the fittest). As the environment changes, favored traits and allele frequencies will change, causing the population to evolve 4 - $100 Consists of all genes, including all the different alleles that are present in a population. Gene Pool 4 - $200 Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations and doesn’t work to produce adaptations Genetic Drift 4 - $300 The transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another; also known as gene migration. Gene Flow 4 - $400 Members of an original species can no longer breed together to produce fertile offspring. They are considered 2 separate species. Speciation 4 - $500 1)___Two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in courtship rituals or other reproductive strategies that involve behavior 2)____a barrier that physically separates members of a species into two or more groups. 3)____Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times 1) Behavioral 2) Geographic 3) Temporal 5 - $100 1. Members at one end of distribution curve have a higher fitness than those in the middle or at the other end of the curve. 2. This type of selection favors average individuals and reduces variations in populations 3. When members at BOTH ends of the distribution curve have a higher fitness than those in the middle Directional 2. Stabilizing 3. Disruptive 1. 5 - $200 This can lead to the evolution of two new species. 2. Can lead to one population evolving into a new species 3. Reduces variation in a population; evolution is not likely to happen. 1. Disruptive 2. Directional 3. Stabilizing 1. 5 - $300 What is the difference between gradualism and punctuated Equilibrium? Gradualism- Long time with gradual change Punctuated Equilibrium- Long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods or more rapid change 5 - $400 What is the difference between divergent evolution (adaptive radiation) and convergent evolution? Divergent- type of evolution in which one species evolves into two separate species because it is adapting to different environmental situations Convergent- type of evolution in which two unrelated species evolve similar characteristics because they are both adapting to the same environmental situations 5 - $500 What are the conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium? 1. There must be random mating. 2. The population must be very large. Genetic drift has less effect on large populations than on small ones. 3. There can be no movement into or out of the population. Individuals may bring new alleles into a population. 4. There can be no mutations. 5. There can be no natural selection. No phenotype can have a selective advantage over another. Final Jeopardy Imagine you’re given graphs that show the number of flies with different phenotypes or wing lengths. They live on an isolated island, where flies compete with one another for food. As a result, those flies with long wings fly 20 meters or higher off of the ground. Those with short wings fly less than 5 meters above the ground. Those with intermediate wing length fly at an average of 12 meters off of the ground. Which natural selection graph would show that the intermediate (average) length is more successful and is the most common length? Stabilizing Selection