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Drug Unit
Unit 7 in Book
Pg. 436
Legal Drug Abuse
p.404 & 407
OTC ( Nonprescription Drugs)Relieve signs and symptoms of illness.
No prescription needed.
OTC drugs are safe if used correctly.
OTC drugs can be overused
Both OTC & prescription drugs are given two
names:
generic
brand names
Both of these have active & inactive ingredients.
Examples
Pain Relievers- relieves fever, pain and
inflammation.
1. Aspirin- can irritate stomach.
2. Tylenol (Acetaminophen)
3. Advil (Ibuprofen)- can irritate stomach.
Reye’s Syndrome
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Caused by the use of aspirin.
A rare but often fatal disease.
The victims of this disease are often
children under the age of 15.
Brand vs. Generic
p.406
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Generic must have same active
ingredients as brand name, but has
different inactive ingredients.
active- ingredients used to relieve
symptoms and cure illness.
inactive- ingredients put in to add flavor or
coloring, no medicinal purposes.
Prescription Drugs
p.406
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Taking prescription medication safely requires
that you understand the diagnosis, know what
the medicine is being prescribed for, and follow
the instructions.
Follow recommended guidelines for use,
storage, disposal, and replacement of
medicines.
Require a written medical order.
Factors that Change Medicines’
Effects
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The drug itself
Form in which you take the drug
(pill, capsule, liquid, spray,cream)
Route in which the drug is taken
Did you take it with food
Age
Weight
Use of other drugs
Ways Drugs are Taken p.405
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Orally
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Injected
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Using needle, immediate results
Goes directly under skin into muscle or blood vessel
Intramuscular
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Most common way
Absorbed through stomach and small intestine into
bloodstream
Injected into muscle
Intravenous
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Injected into vein
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Inhaled
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Sniffed
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Snorted- sniffing drugs through nose absorbed
through mucous membranes of nasal passages
Can cause damage to nasal passages
Absorbed
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Quick effect, enter blood stream through lungs
Enters blood stream through skin or mucous
membrane
Implanted

Placed under the skin where they are released into
the bloodstream
Drug Testing & Safety
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-
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Companies must prove that ingredients in
medicines are safe and effective before the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows
them to sell their product.
Scientists study the risks of each drug compared
with the benefits.
Drugs that carry low risks to health in
comparison to their benefits are more desirable
in the treatment of disease.
Terms
Drug- any chemical substance that alters any
body system.
Drug Use- taking appropriate amounts of a drug
for its intended medical purpose.
Drug Misuse- taking a legal drug for their
intended purpose, but not correctly.
- Using another persons prescribed medication.
Drug Abuse- taking legal drugs for reasons
other than those intended or using controlled
substances illegally.
- Intentional use of a drug without medical or health
reasons.
FDA- Food & Drug Administration, federal
government agency that monitors the
safety and effectiveness of drugs
(Supplements do NOT need FDA approval).
Medicine- drugs that help cure, lessen
severity, relieve symptoms, to prevent
disease.
Placebo- “sugar pill” psychological
Drug Abuse
Controlled Drug (Substance)- a drug whose
possession, manufacture, distribution, and
sale are controlled by law.
Risk Factor- something that increases the
likelihood of a negative outcome.
Protective Factor- something that increases the
likelihood of a positive outcome.
Dosage
Dose- amount taken at one time.
1. Therapeutic- desired results
2. Toxic- poisonous, causes harm
3. Lethal- results in death
4. Overdose- the act of taking a toxic or
lethal dose.
*Different forms: pill, capsule, liquid, spray, cream,
etc.
Drug Interactions
Antagonistic
- reduces/blocks effect
Synergistic
- multiplies the effects of the drug
- when the combination of the drugs is
greater then the sum of the two drugs
taken alone.
Addiction
p. 458
Physical
-
the body’s chemistry actually changes, the body must actually have
the drug to be able to function on a normal level.
Physical drug addiction always has a psychological effect and a
strong mental craving.
Psychological
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can occur without a physical addiction.
People who never learned to cope with emotional pain often
develop psychological addictions to drugs.
Strong desire or craving to continue using a drug for emotional
reasons (a love for the drug)
Drug Schedules
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Refer to Handout
Drug Classifications
p.436-449
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Narcotics
Stimulants
Depressant/ Sedative
Hallucinogens/Psychedelics
Marijuana
Inhalants
Anabolic Steroids
Marijuana
Amotivational Syndrome
Remains in the body for long periods of time,
requires less of it over time to get a high
(THC can remain up to 30 days)
Examples
Hashish (concentrated resin of marijuana)
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Narcotics
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Reduce pain
Slow down central nervous system
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Examples
Heroin- commonly injected, white color, severe
physical dependence.
 Oxycontin
 Morphine- most powerful legal pain reliever
 Codeine- found in prescription cough med’s
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Inhalants
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Can cause mental confusion, severe brain
damage, possible liver, kidney, bone marrow
damage, death.
Categories
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Solvents
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Propellants
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Nitrous oxide (whippets)
Substances intended for medical use
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Aerosol, gasoline, glue, paint thinner
Inhalers
Bagging (chemicals sprayed in a bag)
Huffing (soaked rag)
Hallucinogens / Psychedelics
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One time use can negatively change mind
forever
Flashbacks
- sudden hallucination long after having used a
hallucinogen
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Examples
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PCP (found to cause bizarre behavior, suicides, violent
acts)
LSD ( can be swallowed, sniffed or placed on the tongue
to dissolve)
Psilocybin (mushrooms)
Ketamine (date rape drug, a.k.a. Special K)
Ectasy (acts like a stimulant, common at rave parties)
Depressant / Sedative
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Slows down the central nervous system
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Examples
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Barbiturates (sudden withdrawal can cause death)
Benzodiazapines
 Tranquilizers (Valium)
 GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutate) a.k.a. Liquid E
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Date rape drug
Stimulants
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Speeds up the central nervous system
Disguise fatigue
Relieve drowsiness
Treat hyperactive children
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Examples
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Amphetamines (Speed)
Methamphetamines (Crystal meth)
Ritalin
Caffeine (active drug in OTC diet pills, ephedra banned)
Anabolic Steroids
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Cause sterility and baldness in males
Increased aggressiveness
Liver damage
Permanent masculinization of the
female
Premature ossification in teens
Drug Dependency p.458
Continued use of a drug even though it harms the body,
mind, and relationships.
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Symptoms:
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Withdraw Symptoms:
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Unpleasant reactions when a person who is
physically dependent no longer takes drug.
Includes: chills, fever, muscle twitching,
nausea, cramps, vomiting
Why do People Abuse Drugs?
** People’s natures affect whether they
abuse drugs.
Why Addictions Occur
The Nature of the Person
- physical/genetic nature
- curiosity
-peer pressure
-self-esteem
B. The Nature of the Drug
-Euphoria- a sense of great well-being &
pleasure brought on by the drug.
A.
C. The Consequences from Society
- a society or family that tolerates abuse
actually encourages it.
**The only sure way to escape drug
addiction is to never experiment with
drugs!
Risk Factors that increase a teen’s risk of drug abuse
p. 454
- Unable to develop long term goals
- Want attention
- Friends who use
Protective Factors that Reduce
the Risk of Drug Use
P. 456-457
Warning Signs of Drug Use
p. 455
Patterns of Use
Experimental
- curiosity
-social events
-often not repeated
Occasional
-social use
-low risk
Situational/Recreational
- certain activities
-used for coping
-high risk
* recreational is a term made up by drug abusers who claim their
drug abuse is not harmful to their health
Intense
-high doses over time
-habit forming
-dependence developing
Compulsive
- out of control
-dependence
-interferes with family, work, etc.
Peer Pressure & Resistance
p.462
Drug Use & STD’s
p.471& 472
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Needles
Rape
Prostitution
Unplanned Pregnancy
Abstinence
Marijuana
THC
Amotivational
Syndrome
Narcotics
Heroin
Inhalants
Bagging
Huffing
Anabolic
Steroids
GHB
(a.k.a. Liquid E)
Depressant/
Sedative
Barbiturates
Stimulants
Ritalin
Caffeine
Hallucinogens
Flashback
LSD
(acid)
PCP
Ecstasy
(MDMA)
Ketamine
(a.k.a. Special K)
Euphoria