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Geography of Early Egypt What enabled life to thrive in Egypt? THE NILE RIVER Nile River Longest river in the world (over 4,000 miles) Flows through rocky, hilly land This causes cataracts- rapids (6 total) Cataracts make it impossible to sail the whole river Nile River In Lower Egypt, Nile fans out and flows into the Mediterranean Sea Delta- triangle-shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river Egyptian Farming • Nile flooded yearly (upper in summer, lower in fall) • Floods deposited silt • Silt = good for farming (Sound familiar????) Natural Barriers= Protection North- Mediterranean Sea West- Large desert East- Desert & Red Sea South- Cataracts 2 Regions of Ancient Egypt Lower Egypt = North Upper Egypt = South Nile runs south to north Elevation is higher in the south 2 Kingdoms Emerge Food is bountiful (fish, fruit, vegetables, livestock, grains, ducks (yummy…)) More food = more people = cities = civilization! By 3200 B.C., two kingdoms develop – Lower & Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Near Nile Delta Capital- Pe Red Crown Upper Egypt Southern Nile Capital- Nekhen White Crown Menes (MEE-neez) Rose to power in Upper Egypt in 3100BC Wanted to unify kingdoms Armies invaded and took control of Lower Egypt Married a princess from Lower Egypt Menes Combined Crowns More Menes Historians argue he was the 1st Pharaoh Pharaoh- title of rulers of ancient Egypt, means “Great House” Establishes 1st dynasty Dynasty- Series of rulers from same family (The people think their rulers are divine!) More Menes Established Memphis, first capital of Egypt (near modern day capital – Cairo) Eventually, rivals challenged 1st Dynasty and took over to start 2nd Dynasty Over 2,500 years, about 30 dynasties would rule Egypt