Download Skvortsova A. Ksenia, 2 nd

FACTORS AFFECTING CROSS CULTURE COMMUNICATION
Bulygina S. Elizaveta, 2nd -year student,
Faculty of Marketing, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Skvortsova A. Ksenia, 2nd -year student,
Faculty of Marketing, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Scientific supervisor – Fominykh Iu. Nataliia,
PhD in Pedagogy, Ass. Professor, Department of Foreign Languages #1,
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Abstract: The article deals with an influence of various factors on cultural
communication. This question is particularly relevant in the modern world as
national identity can greatly affect the effectiveness of communication. Different
nationality means differences in cultures and in languages. Not to mention the fact
that people from different countries tend to have different ways of understanding the
world around them. It affects the way we think and behave in various situations.
Thus we would like to consider the impact of each element that affects intercultural
communication.
Keywords: international communication, culture communication, language,
community, understanding, affect.
The term `culture' refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic
structures that give such an activity some significance. "It includes technology, art,
science, as well as moral systems and the characteristic behaviors and habits of the
society. Different human societies have different cultures, and the personal culture
of one individual can be different than another one". Intercultural is the philosophy
of exchanges between cultural groups within a society. Intercultural communication
is about how people from different countries and different cultures interact with each
other; and how they behave, communicate and perceive the world around them. And
effective intercultural communication involves understanding both one's own
linguistic and cultural identity and that of the people with whom one is
communicating. In connection with this, cultural identity has a very important role.
Moving on, there are some issues of identity which affect communication between
people from different languages and cultures.
People with different nationalities are likely to have particular ways to
exchange information. Besides, there are many traditions unique to each country.
This may lead to misunderstanding when people from different countries are trying
to communicate with each other.
Regional differences create even more cultural gaps between human beings.
The differences in geography, environment and culture are often too large that
people tend to suffer from severe cultural shocks when they travel from one region
to another. And that is the main force that affects the efficient international
communication.[1]
Ethnicity identity is another major force that may contribute to the
effectiveness of communication. Due to the different abilities to understand and gain
information of people, there are gaps in how different person understands the same
piece of information. And that created the two groups of people: the haves and the
have-nots. As for that, it is important to take the issue of ethnicity into account in
order to improve the effectiveness of communication between these two groups of
people. Ethnic groups are identified by common culture, language, religion,
ancestral origins. He also argued that "there are no internationally agreed upon ethnic
categorizations because history often plays a role in what aspects are considered
most important for ethnic identity". That is, history is usually the major factor that
defines ethnic identity.
Language is probably the most important element of communication.
Language is the mean of communication. Or as Samovar, Porter & McDaniel put it:
"Language is the medium through which a culture expresses its world view".
Language needs to be learned and used effectively in order to achieve successful
intercultural communication. And if language is a tool then culture may be
considered as the environment that has all the effects on language. Because of that,
culture is, in many circumstances, what defines the meaning of language. That is
why, in some situations, the same word can bring different meanings due to the
differences of cultures. The matter is even worse when two cultures talk in different
languages. In this case, a translation tool is needed, however the potential of
misunderstanding is also raised as a word translated between two different languages
may result in totally different meaning. For that, language and culture must be
thoughtfully considered in intercultural communication.[1]
Community is the starting point of identity. Every community has its unique
traditions, values, and norms. Communities provide a wealth of organized and deep
rooted information, which builds from countless interactions of various sociopolitical, socio-economic, and socio-cultural attributes that occur over time. This
understanding becomes the property of that particular community and plays an
important role in shaping the identity structures of its members. The interaction of
various sub-identities of an individual through his/her membership in different
communities continuously shapes the learning, thinking, and perceptual
environment, which forms the nature of experiences, value preferences, and
knowledge arrangements. This complex system of socialization shapes the identity
of a person. There are three constructs that need considerable attention in order to
broaden and deepen our understanding of the relationship between a person and the
community: community knowledge, individual knowledge, and identity.
Social class is one of the key elements that directly affect communication
since time immemorial. Social class creates boundaries between people, creating
obstacles to effective communication. The conflicts between the rich and the poor,
management and working class were often created by those misunderstanding in
communication. People from one social class used to be affected so much by another
one that they avoid dealing with each other.[2]
Not to mention the fact that religion plays an important role in cultural
differences. Religion identity is sometimes improving communication where it
shares similar interests. It is also the main cause of conflict when its interest is not
satisfied by another religion. Throughout history, people always keep trying to solve
these significant differences. Nevertheless, these conflicts remain intractable for
many societies up to now. Until people cannot change their understanding of the
world, this issue won’t be solved.
In current society, men and women have the chance to work together more
regularly and more personally than before. Many studies prove that women and men
communicate very differently - in fact, it is sometimes stated that women and men
communicate so differently from one another that they must have perceived the
world from absolute different perspectives. The communication between men and
women seems to be stable and equal day by day. For example, both men and women
can be positive, outgoing, task-focused, or sentimental. The important point to think
about is that men and women sometimes identify the same messages in different
ways.
It goes without saying that age is one of the most important matters that affects
intercultural communication. Its role is somewhat similar to gender. People tend to
think differently when they are getting older. The more time they spend living, the
more experiences they have and the clearer they see through conflicts. This is even
true when it comes to multi-cultures. The young generations are always ready to take
risks. The older generations act more cautious when they face new problems. That
is why, as we see it, old people from different cultures have similar ways of thinking.
However, the flexibility of the young is required to cope with cultural differences.
To sum it up, the balance between the old and young has to be balanced out in order
to achieve an effective intercultural communication.[3]
Identities can greatly affect the communication between people from different
languages and cultures. How people think about themselves and others influences
the effectiveness of communication. Their sense of identity and conceptions of each
other contribute to their understanding of the world around them. Whether and how
identities affects the communication depends on their particular qualities. There are
different sources of identity which lead to unique understandings of the people and
how they think and behave in their world. Thus the communication between people
is often suffered by these differences of understanding. Knowledge, understanding
and use of the uniqueness of different groups are essential in effective
communication.[3]
References:
1. Language Center «Express» [electronic resource]. URL: www.lingvocenter.ru (дата
обращения: 20.11.2016)
2. Internet magazine «INC» [electronic resource]. URL: www.inc.com (дата обращения
20.112016)
3. Cross-Cultural/International
Communication
[electronic
resource].
URL:www.inc.comhtml (дата обращения 20.11.2016)
ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНУЮ КОММУНИКАЦИЮ
Булыгина Елизавета Сергеевна, студентка 2 курса
факультета маркетинга РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова
Скворцова Ксения Аркадьевна, студентка 2 курса
факультета маркетинга РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова
Научный руководитель - Фоминых Наталия Юрьевна,
канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков №1
РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова
Аннотация: В статье рассматривается влияние различных факторов на
культурное общение. Этот вопрос особенно актуален в современном мире, где
национальная принадлежность способна сильно повлиять на эффективность
коммуникации. Разные национальности предполагают различия в культуре и
языке. Не говоря уже о том, что люди из разных стран, как правило, имеют
разные мировоззрения. Это влияет на то, как мы думаем и ведем себя в
различных ситуациях. Таким образом, мы хотели бы рассмотреть влияние
каждого элемента, который влияет на межкультурную коммуникацию.
Ключевые слова: межнациональное общение, культура общения, язык,
общность, понимание, влиять.