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Timer Based Industrial liquid pump controller with User Defined Time Slots Abstract: This project is an innovative solution to operate a machine / motor / liquid pumps for a small duration. If a liquid pump is to be operated for ten minutes, and should be switched off after the duration, it is too difficult and many times we forget to switch it off the system after the prescribed time. This project provides the facility of automatic switch off after the requited time duration. This is achieved by using the 555 timer. Four different values of resistors are connected between trigger pin of 555 and Vcc. These four resistors provide four different fixed time constants of 1.1RC. Also a potentiometer is connected between these points to get a required and adjustable time constant. A transistor is used to drive the relay during the RC time constant period. 12V Single pole – single through relay is used to control the AC load. LED indication is provided for visual identification of the relay / load status. A switching diode is connected across the relay to neutralize the reverse EMF. This project works with 12V regulated power supply. Power on LED is connected for visual identification of power status. This project uses regulated 12V, 750mA power supply. 7812 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/18V step down transformer. For Details Contact: A.VINAY-9030333433, 0877-2261612 Block diagram: Time control switch array R & C Passive components (Time constant) 555IC Timer Transistor driver circuit AC input Relay LED Display Liquid pump Power supply: Step down T/F Bridge rectifier Filter Voltage regulator Power supply to all sections For Details Contact: A.VINAY-9030333433, 0877-2261612 Power supply description: Transformer: Usually, DC voltages are required to operate various electronic equipment and these voltages are 5V, 9V or 12V. But these voltages cannot be obtained directly. Thus the a.c input available at the mains supply i.e., 230V is to be brought down to the required voltage level. This is done by a transformer. Thus, a step down transformer is employed to decrease the voltage to a required level. RECTIFIER: The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. It converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. The rectifier may be a half wave or a full wave rectifier. In this project, a bridge rectifier is used because of its merits like good stability and full wave rectification. For Details Contact: A.VINAY-9030333433, 0877-2261612 The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half cycles of the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the figure. The circuit has four diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite ends of the bridge. The load resistance is connected between the other two ends of the bridge. For the positive half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D1 and D3 conduct, whereas diodes D2 and D4 remain in the OFF state. The conducting diodes will be in series with the load resistance RL and hence the load current flows through RL. For the negative half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D2 and D4 conduct whereas, D1 and D3 remain OFF. The conducting diodes D2 and D4 will be in series with the load resistance RL and hence the current flows through RL in the same direction as in the previous half cycle. Thus a bi-directional wave is converted into a unidirectional wave. FILTER: Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage. For Details Contact: A.VINAY-9030333433, 0877-2261612 VOLTAGE REGULATOR: As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project, power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812 voltage regulators are to be used. The first number 78 represents positive supply and the numbers 05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels. The L78xx series of threeterminal positive regulators is available in TO-220, TO-220FP, TO-3, D2PAK and DPAK packages and several fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications. These regulators can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1 A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltage and currents. For Details Contact: A.VINAY-9030333433, 0877-2261612 Advantages: Highly Accurate Low cost and reliable circuit Adjustable Time can be set using potentiometer Four different fixed time schedules Can handle heavy loads up to 7A Applications: Industrial machinery House hold items like Ovens, refrigerator, AC Agriculture Motors Water pumps For Details Contact: A.VINAY-9030333433, 0877-2261612