Download Classical Greece PowerPoint

2000 B.C.-300 B.C.
Bull of Knossos
Height of Minoan
Civilization of Crete
Trojan War:
Helen or economics?
2000 BC
1500 BC
Minoans Disappear
Mycenaean
Civilization develops
1200 BC
To Be Continued…
1200/1100 BC
Greek Dark Ages
“Dorian Invasion”
 2,000+ islands in the Aegean Sea and Ionian Sea
 Easy transportation routes
 Connections with many societies
 Sailors, Sea Traders
 Gained natural resources (timber, precious metals,
usable farmland)
 Peninsula was the main land.
 ¾ Mountainous Land, ¼ Arable Land, Few small streams
 Mountains divided land into different regions.
 Difficult land travel
 Couldn’t support large population
 Independent communities developed.
 Moderate temperatures
 Outdoor life/public events
 Indo-Europeans
 Settled on main land
 Mycenae was the leading city.
 20 feet thick wall
 Controlled other cities (Athens, Tiryns)
 Contact through war and trade
 Mycenaeans saw the value of sea trading.
 They adopted and adapted Minoan the writing system,
trade, and art to fit their society.
 10 year way against Troy, in Anatolia
 One of last battle campaigns
 Helen or economics?
 Mycenaean civilization collapsed soon after when sea
traders burned Greek villages.
 Moved into war-torn countryside
 Spoke a Greek dialect
 Less advanced than Mycenaeans
 No evidence of writing
 Told stories through an oral tradition
 Blind poet
 Retold/had written down The Iliad & The Odyssey
 Other stories & hymns as well
 Gives us:
 Description of gods
 Details of life
 Important values
 Clues about Greek life
 Myth- a traditional story that explains the origin of a
natural phenomenon, normally using the supernatural
to explain
 Mythology- a collection of myths
 It helps us understand Classical Greek religion.
 Polytheistic
 Mt. Olympus
 Gods took on human qualities.
 Stories help explain the natural world.
 Titans
 Olympians
 Heroes
 Personified Concepts
 Giants
 Seers
 Etc.
 Original race of deities (gods, goddesses)
 Twelve in first generation
 Overthrew titans in the Titanomachy and gained
control
 Reside on Mount Olympus
 Characters who show courage and self-sacrifice in the
face of danger for the greater good
 Close relationship with gods
 Hero-cults- groups following a specific hero
 Personification- expressing an emotion, an inanimate
objects, animals, or a natural force in human form or
giving it human attributes
 I.e. Muses- Personification of knowledge and art
 A race of great strength and aggression
 Not necessarily great in size
 Believed to be children of Earth and Sky
 Predictors of the future
 Give a nice firm handshake.
 Greet your new friends politely.
 You can only reveal your name explicitly.
 Learn about your new friends’ personalities, personal
attributes, and careers through conversation and
acting.
F
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 Polis- city-state (Athens, Sparta)
 Acropolis- a fortified hilltop for government meetings
 Tyrants- rulers who seized power by appealing to the
common people for support
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
(Mycenae 2000
B.C.)
(Athens before
594 B.C.)
(Sparta 500
B.C.)
Direct
Democracy
(Athens after
594 B.C.)
• Ruled by king
or queen
• Ruled by
nobility
• Ruled by a
small group of
citizens
• Ruled by
citizens
• Rule is
hereditary
• Based on
family ties,
social rank,
wealth
• Rule based on
wealth or
ability
• Rule based on
citizenships
• Some rulers
claim divine
right
• Social status
and wealth
support
authority.
• Ruling group
controls
military
• Majority rule
decides vote
 Council Of Five Hundred
 Created by Cleithenes
 Represented population
 Proposed laws and counseled
 Created limited democracy
 No women
 Education
 Focus on good citizenship for men
 Reading, grammar, poetry, history, mathematics, and
music, public speaking
 Sports strategies
 Olympics
“We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain undeniable rights, that among these are life,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these
rights Governments are instituted among men, deriving
their just powers from the consent of the people over
whom they govern.”
 Built a military state
 Helots- slaves forced to stay on the land they worked,
giving half of the crops to the Spartans
 Helots tried to revolt and almost won.
 Spartans dedicated themselves to preventing defeat.
 The Council of Elders created an oligarchy.
 Men
 Training began at 7.
 Forced military work until 60
 Slept on wooden benches
 Ate small meals
 Focused on marching, exercise, fighting, etc.
 Women
 Military Training
 Ran families while husbands were at war
 “Come back with your shield, or on it.”
 Freedom
“The fundamental theme through all the centuries has
been the principle that force and power are the
determining factors. All development is struggle. Only
force rules. Force is the first law. . . . Only through
struggle have countries and the world become great. If
one should ask whether this struggle is gruesome, then
the only answer could be—for the weak, yes, for
humanity as a whole, no. Instead of everlasting struggle,
the world preaches cowardly, and everlasting peace.
These three things, considered in the light of their
ultimate consequences, are the causes of the downfall of
all humanity.”
Bull of Knossos
Height of Minoan
Civilization of Crete
Trojan War:
Helen or economics?
2000 BC
1500 BC
Minoans Disappear
Mycenaean
Civilization develops
1200 BC
To Be Continued…
1200/1100 BC
Greek Dark Ages
“Dorian Invasion”
Greeks win Persian
Wars.
479 BC
Continued…
750 BC
Polis life emerged
and city-states
flourished.
Athens, Sparta, Etc.
To Be Continued…
477-431 BC
Greece’s Golden Age
An invasion of the Persian Empire led Sparta and Athens to
their greatest glory.
 Phalanx- formation in which foot soldiers (hoplites)
stood side by side, each holding a spear in one hand
and a shield in the other
 Ionian Greeks revolted after Persians conquered Ionia.
 Athens sent troops to help.
 Battle Of Marathon
 Athens: 20,000 men
 Persia: 100,000 men
 Phalanx formation
 Persians weren’t prepared.
 Battle Of Thermopylae
 Athenians held Persia with the Delian League.
 Feelings of confidence and freedom
 Athens became leader of the Delian League, and
began using that power to control other members.
 Athens became empire-like.
477-431 BC
1. Stronger Democracy
 Direct Democracy- citizens rule directly, not through
representation
2. Strengthen Empire
 Stronger Navy
 Members of Delian League as members of empire
3. Glorify Athens
 Stronger Navy
 Members of Delian League as members of empire
 Classical Art- portrayal of ideal beauty, not realism;
harmony, order, balance
 Tragedy- serious drama about common themes (love,
hate, war, etc.) with a tragic hero as the main character
 Comedy- scenes of crude humor to make fun of
respected people and ideas of the time
 Herodotus wrote the first histories.
 “Lovers of Wisdom”
 Believed the universe is orderly and follows unchanging
laws.
 People can only understand these laws through reason.
 Sophists questioned ideas about justice and what was
fair.
 Critic of sophists
 Absolute standards for truth and justice
 Neglected gods
 On trial for “corrupting the youth of Athens”
 Poisoned himself before being killed
 Student of Socrates
 Wrote conversations down of Socrates’ (The Republic)
 Wrote about an ideal society with three social classes
(farmers, warriors, ruling class)
 Questioned nature of the world and of human belief,
thought, and knowledge
 Created Scientific Method
 Tutored Alexander, son of King Philip II of Macedonia
Greeks win Persian
Wars.Al
479 BC
Continued…
750 BC
Polis life emerged
and city-states
flourished.
Athens, Sparta, Etc.
To Be Continued…
477-431 BC
Greece’s Golden Age
Hellenistic culture
flourishes.
Alexander begins his
empire.
334 BC
Continued…
477-431 BC
Greece’s Golden Age
To be
continued…
 War fought between Sparta and Athens for power
 27 years
 Athens had strong navy. Sparta was good on land.
 Everyone fled to the city to escape Spartan attacks.
Athens was not ready for that many people.
 Half of Athens died of illness by the third year.
 Other city-states got involved. (Delian League,
Peloponnesian League)
 Athens was an outpost of Sparta, under Spartan rule.
After ten years, Sparta gave Athens her independence.
 Athens began to regain her former glory. But Athens
was never again the same.
 Greece was weak after the wars.
Ruled 336-323 Bc)
 Rural Mountain Villages, not city-states
 King Philip II’s goal was to conquer Greece and move on
against Persia.
 16 x 16 phalanx formation with one 18-foot pike
 Conquered Greece when it was weak
 Philip was stabbed to death, so his son took over.
 20 year-old king defeated Persia, India, etc.
 Used knowledge taught by Aristotle (Greek Culture)
 Never lost a battle
 Allowed subjects to rule themselves as long as they
were loyal
 Became known as Alexander the Great
 Hellenistic Culture- the blending of Greek, Persian,
Indian, and Egyptian influences due to Alexander’s
reign
 Alexandria, Egypt became the center of commerce.
 Science, technology, philosophy, art