Download SI: Exam 2 Review 3/21/16 1. Place the following in order from

SI: Exam 2 Review 3/21/16
1. Place the following in order from smallest to largest.
1. Muscle fiber 2. Fascicle 3. Sarcomere 4. Myofibril
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 4,3,1,2
c. 2,1,4,3
d. 3,4,1,2
2. The origin of a muscle is where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone.
a. true
b. false
3. Which is the last step to occur in a muscle twitch?
a. action potential is sent along T- tubules
b. calcium is pumped back into sarcoplasm
c. myosin heads form cross bridges
d. calcium binds to troponin
4. Individual muscle cells always respond with a complete contraction and relaxation known as a twitch
is:
a. all or none principle
b. muscle tone
c. recruitment
d. muscle tension
5. Cardiac muscle is has the slowest twitch time.
a. true
b. false
6. Which types of muscle are involuntary?
a. cardiac
b. smooth
c. skeletal
d. A and B
e. B and C
f. all of the above can function involuntarily
7. A person wants to increase their fast twitch muscle fibers, they should work on ____ fibers and
perform _____ training.
a. white, endurance
b. red, endurance
c. white, resistance
d. red, resistance
8. Which disorder would be classified by a muscle that is continuously contracting due to
overstimulation?
a. muscular dystrophy
b. tetanus
c. muscle cramp
d. pulled muscle
9. A motor unit is the smallest functional unit of muscular contraction.
a. true
b. false
10. Which is not part of the formed elements of blood?
a. red blood cells
b. platelets
c. water
d. white blood cells
11. What is the most numerous white blood cell that fights infections by engulfing microorganisms?
a. eosinophils
b. neutrophils
c. basophils
d. lymphocytes
12. Which stage of hemostasis involved fibrinogen converting to fibrin?
a. vascular spasm
b. platelet plug formation
c. coagulation
13. A person with blood type AB can receive blood from a person with blood type B?
a. true
b. false
14. A person has pernicious anemia, what does this mean?
a. low platelets due to low levels of iron
b. low white blood cells due to cancer
c. low red blood cells due to blood loss
d. low red blood cells due to low levels of B12
15. Which blood vessel is known as the blood volume reservoir?
a. arteries
b. veins
c. arterioles
d. capillaries
16. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
a. true
b. false
17. Label the diagram of the heart.
a. Left atrium
b. Pulmonary artery
c. Right ventricle
d. Tricuspid valve
e. Aorta
f. Vena cava
g. Aortic valve
h. What is #14?
18. During pulmonary circulation, once blood is oxygenated it returns in what vessel to what chamber?
a. pulmonary veins to right atrium
b. pulmonary arteries to right atrium
c. pulmonary veins to left atrium
d. pulmonary arteries to left atrium
19. Once blood leaves the capillaries it is deoxygenated and must return to the left side of the heart to
be oxygenated again.
a. true
b. false
20. During ventricular systole, ____valves open, _____ valves close, and you would hear ____ sound.
a. AV, semilunar, lub
b. AV, semilunar, dub
c. semilunar, AV, lub
d. semilunar, AV, dub
21. Which wave on an EKG represents the use of Purkinje fibers?
a. P wave
b. ORS complex
c. T wave
d. R wave
22. Diastolic blood pressure is the lowest pressure during ventricular diastole.
a. true
b. false
23. If blood pressure were too low, what would the effectors in the negative feedback loop do to raise
it?
a. decrease cardiac output
b. increase cardiac output
c. vasocontrict
d. vasodilate
e. A and D
f. B and C
g. none of the above, blood pressure is lowered by epinephrine
24. The sympathetic nervous system increase blood pressure by lowering heart rate so more blood can
be pumped.
a. true
b. false
25. A myocardial infarction can be treated by a CABG procedure which would break up the blockage of
the coronary artery.
a. true
b. false
26. Which is not a layer of an artery or vein?
a. endothelium
b. epicardium
c. smooth muscle
d. connective tissue
27. Which layer of the heart is responsible for pumping the blood?
a. myocardium
b. epicardium
c. pericardium
d. endocardium
28. Which of the following pathogens is describes as a single celled prokaryote?
a. virus
b. fungi
c. parasite
d. bacteria
29. Which pathogen is responsible for causing AIDS and the chicken pox?
a. bacteria
b. virus
c. prions
d. parasites
30. The virulence for HIV is through body fluids such as blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal
secretions.
a. true
b. false
31. Which component of the lymphatic system is responsible for filtering lymph?
a. lymph nodes
b. spleen
c. lymphatic vessels
d. tonsils
32. ____ is highly acidic and functions in the first line of defense by inhibiting microorganisms.
a. vagina
b. tears
c. stomach
d. mucus
33. An bacterial cell is attacked by plasma proteins creating holes in the membrane; this is an example of
what second line of defense?
a. natural killer cells
b. complement system
c. interferons
d. T lymphocytes
34. An antigen is recognized in the blood stream, _____ cells are activated and _____ cells respond by
__________.
a. T, helper T , secrete cytokines to stimulate an immune response
b. T, cytotoxic T, directly attacking and destroying foreign cells
c. B, plasma, secreting antibodies specific to the antigen
d. B, memory, secreting more antigens
35. Memory T cells are a type of CD8 T cell and reactivate during later exposure.
a. true
b. false
36. Primary immune response peaks in a couple weeks, were a secondary immune response peaks in a
couple days.
a. true
b. false
37. What stage of AIDS is classified by fever, fatigue, and flu like symptoms?
a. phase I
b. phase II
c. phase III
d. clinical AIDS
38. Antihistamines counteract the effects of IgE and histamines.
a. true
b. false
39. Which defense of the respiratory tract pushes microorganisms up and out of the respiratory tract?
a. mucus
b. saliva
c. cilia
d. cough reflex
40. The tiny air filled sacs in the lungs are the bronchioles.
a. true
b. false
41. During inspiration, the diaphragm ______, increasing _______, and lowering ________.
a. contracts, pressure, volume
b. contracts, volume, pressure
c. relaxes, pressure, volume
d. relaxes, volume, pressure
42. What is the maximum volume that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation?
a. tidal volume
b. dead space volume
c. expiratory reserve volume
d. vital capacity
43. During external respiration, O2 flows from ______ to ______ and CO2 flows from ______ to ______.
a. blood, tissue, blood, alveoli
b. tissue, blood, alveoli, blood
c. alveoli, blood, tissue, blood
d. alveoli, blood, blood, alveoli
44. How is the majority of CO2 transported in the blood?
a. bicarbonate
b. dissolved in plasma
c. hemoglobin
d. plasma cells
45. The primary regulation of respiration monitors levels of ______.
a. O2
b. H+
c. CO2
d. pH
46. Which is not a receptor to regulate respiration levels?
a. baroreceptors
b. receptors near medulla oblongata
c. receptor cells in carotid and aortic bodies
d. higher centers of the cortex
47. Which respiratory disorder is caused by a bacterial toxin?
a. tuberculosis
b. botulism
c. cystic fibrosis
d. emphysema
48. When alveolar fluid buildup occurs, it is known as pneumothorax.
a. true
b. false