Download Rutherford–Bohr model

The spectral series of hydrogen, on a logarithmic scale.
Lyman series of hydrogen atom spectral lines in the ultraviolet
The four visible hydrogen emission spectrum lines in the Balmer series. H-alpha is the red line at
the right.
En http://chemistry.bd.psu.edu/jircitano/periodic4.html aparece la tabla periodica y cliqueando
en el elemento se muestra el espectro de emision correspondiente.
The diagram to the right illustrates the formation of three series of spectral lines in the atomic
emission spectrum of hydrogen.
The Rutherford–Bohr model of the hydrogen atom (Z = 1) or a hydrogen-like ion (Z > 1), where
the negatively charged electron confined to an atomic shell encircles a small, positively charged
atomic nucleus and where an electron jump between orbits is accompanied by an emitted or
absorbed amount of electromagnetic energy (hν).[1] The orbits in which the electron may travel
are shown as grey circles; their radius increases as n2, where n is the principal quantum number.
The 3 → 2 transition depicted here produces the first line of the Balmer series, and for hydrogen
(Z = 1) it results in a photon of wavelength 656 nm (red light).
The Franck-Hertz Experiment
In 1914, James Franck and Gustav Hertz performed an experiment which demonstrated the
existence of excited states in mercury atoms, helping to confirm the quantum theory which
predicted that electrons occupied only discrete, quantized energy states. Electrons were
accelerated by a voltage toward a positively charged grid in a glass envelope filled with mercury
vapor. Past the grid was a collection plate held at a small negative voltage with respect to the
grid. The values of accelerating voltage where the current dropped gave a measure of the
energy necessary to force an electron to an excited state.
The Bohr-Sommerfeld model suggested that electrons travel in elliptical orbits around a nucleus.
This model supplemented the quantized angular momentum condition of the Bohr model with
an additional radial quantization condition, the Sommerfeld-Wilson quantization,
where pr is the radial momentum canonically conjugate to the coordinate q which is the radial
position and T is one full orbital period. The integral is the action of action-angle coordinates.
This condition is suggested by the correspondence principle.