Download 8) All the following are true regarding glaucoma medications except:

Palestine Medical Council Certificate Examination
Ophthalmology
Candidate#(
)
For each of the following MCQs , please select the one
most appropriate answer :
1. All the following are generally accepted methods of management of
keratoconus except:
A. Penetrating keratoplasty
B. Intracorneal rings (INTACS)
C. Deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLK)
D. Contact lenses
E. LASIK
2.
All the following are
keratconjunctivitis except:
FALSE
regarding
adenoviral
A. Involvement of both eyes is the rule
B. Topical acyclovir is the treatment of choice
C. Nummular keratitis is a rare complication
D. The disease is not contagious
E. Pre-auricular lymphadenitis when present is helpful in diagnosis
3. A 55-year old female patient calls you at night telling you that she
has severe pain in her right eye for the past two hours. All the
following data may help you to shorten the list of possible
diagnosis except:
A. History of hypermetropia
B. History of trauma
C. History of myopia
D. History of previous attacks
E. History of wearing contact lenses
4. All the following are true regarding ocular herpes simplex
infection except:
A. Positive Ig-G titre denotes previous exposure
B. Topical acyclovir is usually the first line of treatment for dendretic
keratitis
C. Herpetic uveitis can be associated with increased intraocular
pressure
D. Dendritic keratitis is best treated by intensive steroid drops
E. Ocular involvement is usually unilateral
1
5. All the following are false regarding congenital ptosis except:
A. Levator muscle resection is indicated if levator muscle function is
less than 4 mm
B. If the pupil is covered surgery should be performed without delay
C. Absent Bell's phenomenon is a good prognostic sign
D. The best time to do fascia lata frontalis muscle suspension is at the
age of one year
6. All the following are true regarding glaucoma medications except:
A. Atropine can be used in neovascular glaucoma
B. Pilocarpine is the drug of choice in neovascular glaucoma
C. Steroid eye drops are useful in hypertensive uveitis
D. Timolol is the first line of treatment in open angle glaucoma
7. All the following are true regarding prisms except:
A. Rays passing through the prism are deflected towards the apex
B. When used in glasses to correct esotropia, the apex is directed
inwards
C. Concave lenses act like two prisms meeting at the apex
D. Fresnel's prisms are mounted on glasses to correct deviations
8. All the following are true regarding the optical characteristics of
the eye except:
A. Cornea is the main refractive medium
B. Crysatalline lens is responsible for accommodation for near
C. Anterior corneal surface is a less powerful refractive element than
posterior corneal surface
D. The refractive error of the eye is the sum of the aberrations of all
its components
9. All the following are true regarding myopia except:
A. Axial myopia is the commonest type
B. Nuclear sclerosis causes index myopia
C. Keratoconus is an example of curvature myopia
D. Exudative retinal detachment is a known complication of high axial
myopia
10. The least important indication of cycloplegia is:
A. Esotropia in children
B. Anisometropia
C. Axial myopia
D. Hypermetropia
11. Astigmatism can be tested for by all of the following except:
A. Cross cylinder
B. Astigmatic fan
C. Pinhole
D. stenopeic slit
2
12. All the following is true about mydriatic / cycloplegic drops
except:
A. Atropine is the longest in action
B. Tropicamide is most suitable for mydriasis
C. Cyclopentolate is used when cycloplegia of less than 24 hours is
needed
D. Phenylephrine 10% eye drops are best used for short acting
cycloplegia
13. In schematic eye all the following are true except:
A. The total refractive power is approximately 60 dioptres
B. Anterior surface of the cornea is responsible for most of the
refractive power of the eye
C. The nodal point is approximately 5 mm behind the anterior corneal
surface
D. Average refractive index is 1.6
14. When doing subjective refraction all the following are true
except:
A. Overcorrection of myopia is present when letters in red
background are seen clearer than those in green background.
B. Spherical error should be corrected before astigmatism
C. Cross cylinder use doesn’t affect the spherical equivalent
D. Cross cylinder is useful for refinement of both the power & axis of
cylindrical error
15. The least possible complication of LASIK among the following is:
A. Endophthalmitis
B. Lost flap
C. Overcorrection
D. Undercorrection
E. Decentered ablation
16. In a patient with high myopia & moderate cataract the best
course of action is:
A. LASIK
B. Phakic intraocular lens
C. Cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation
D. INTACS (intracorneal rings).
E. Radial keratotomy (R.K.).
17. One of the following usually signifies nerve compression in third
nerve palsy:
A. Ptosis
B. Dilated fixed pupil
C. Medial rectus palsy
D. Superior rectus palsy
E. Inferior rectus palsy
3
18. All the following are true regarding optic neuritis except:
A. Visual acuity is usually not affected
B. If recurrent, multiple sclerosis should be in the differential
diagnosis
C. Relative afferent papillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil) is usually
present
D. Visual field usually shows central scotoma
19. Visual field defects due to a lesion in the occipital cortex are:
A. Congruous
B. Homonymous
C. Characterized by the presence of a relative afferent papillary defect
D. On the opposite side of the lesion
20. All the following are true regarding isolated internuclear
ophthalmoplegia except:
A. May be the first sign of multiple sclerosis
B. Convergence is preserved
C. Denote a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasiculus
D. Abduction is affected on the same side of the lesion
21. All the following are true regarding herpes zoster ophthalmicus
infections except:
A. Involvement of the tip of the nose may indicate that the eye will be
involved
B. Systemic acyclovir treatment is most effective when given after the
formation of pustules
C. Should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypertensive
uveitis
D. The dose of acyclovir needed for treatment is higher than that
needed for herpes simplex virus infections
22. All the following corneal lesions will become worse with topical
steroids except:
A. Fungal keratitis
B. Bacterial keratitis
C. Herpes simplex virus dendretic keratitis
D. Nummular keratitis
23. All the following are known causes of lower lid ectropion axcept:
A. Age related changes
B. Tumours
C. Trachoma
D. Burns
4
24. In stage 3 hypertensive retinopathy all the following are present
except:
A. Cotton-wool spots
B. Focal arteriolar narrowing
C. Optic disc swelling
D. Exudates
25. All the following corneal dystrophies are inherited as autosomal
dominant traits except:
A. Lattice dystrophy
B. Macular dystrophy
C. Granualr dystrophy
D. Reis-Bucklers' dystrophy
26. All the following are true regarding dysthyroid eye disease
except:
A. The lateral rectus muscle is the most frequently involved
B. Orbital C. T. scan is helpful in diagnosis
C. Optic nerve compression is an indication for systemic steroid
therapy
D. Muscle surgery is better delayed till the disease is inactive
27. The differential diagnosis of cicatrized conjunctiva includes all
the following except:
A. Chemical burns
B. Stevens-Johnsons' syndrome
C. Trachoma
D. Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
28. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction occurs in approximately what
percentage of infants:
A. <1%
B. 2% to 20%
C. >50%
D. >80%
29. All the following should be considered in the differential diagnosis
of sympatheic ophthalmia except:
A. Traumatic iritis
B. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
C. Age-related macular degeneration
D. Phacoanaphylaxis
30. All the following conditions are associated with eye lid retraction
except:
A. Thyroid disease
B. Blowout fracture with inferior rectus entrapment
C. Midbrain lesions
D. Horner syndrome
5
31. In Marfan’s Syndrome, The Lens:
A. Is frequently dislocated
B. Dislocation often interferes with visual acuity
C. Appears to have a decreased diameter
D. Generally shows varying degrees of opacity
E. All of the above
32. Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis is not characterized by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Good visual acuity
Normal appearing Retina
Pigmentary clumping in Retina
Disc is gliotic and atrophic
Zonular or complete cataract
33. In The Differential Diagnosis Of Retinoschisis, one of The
Following is not Considered:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Retinal detachment
Posterior hyperplastic vitreous.
Wagner’s vitreoretinal degeneration
Favre’s disease.
Refsum’s Disease
34. One of the following is not in the Clinical Picture of Von HippelLindau Disease:
A. An angiomatous tumor located temporally in the equatorial region
B. Extending to the angioma are a pair of retinal vessels, an artery
with its accompanying vein
C. These vessels are dilated and tortuous, showing focal swelling
D. Fan-shaped anastomoses develop in the periphery between the two
vessels
E. Rhegmatogenous Retinal detachment
35. One of the following is false about the Ocular Manifestations of
Behcet’s Syndrome:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Involvement of one eye only
Ocular involvement is often accompanied by fever and malaise
An acute uveitis with hypopyon
Fundus changes of macular edema, retinal perivasculitis and
retinal and vitreous hemorrhages
E. Optic atrophy
36. The Superior Orbital Fissure Is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
An oblique slit in the posterior wall of the orbit
Lateral and inferior to the optic foramen
Bounded by the lesser sphenoidal wing above
Bounded by the greater sphenoidal wing below
All of the above
6
37. The canal of Schlemm possesses the following anatomic
characteristics:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lined by endothelium
Contains partitions resembling the dural venous trabeculae
Contains red cells and aqueous
All of the above
A and C
38. The Corneal Curvature Is Such That:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The peripheral portions are flatter than the central third
One meridian is frequently more curved than another
Most of the refraction occurs at the surface of the cornea
All of the above
None of the above
39. Accommodation is not:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Closely related to convergence
Peripheral in Origin
Accomplished by innervation from the III cranial nerve
Susceptible to fatigue
All of the above
40. One of the following is true regarding Progressive Myopia :
A.
B.
C.
D.
There are extensive changes in the posterior segment
The sclera is thickened
The choroid is not atrophic
There is no degeneration of receptors and pigment epithelium
41. One of the following is not one of the cardinal uses of the cross
cylinder:
A.
B.
C.
D.
To determine the axis of correcting cylinder
To determine the amount of astigmatism
To check the axis of the correcting cylinder
To determine the amount of esophoria
42. One of the following is not characteristic Of Presumed
Histoplasmic Choroiditis:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Multiple large lesions
Mid-fundus and macular location
Cyst formation later
Secondary hemorrhagic reaction around cysts
All of the above
43. Preretinal Subhyaloid Hemorrhage:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lies in front of the hyaloid membrane
Does not involve the nerve fiber layer
May not be present in newborn
Shows a horizontal upper border
All of the above
7
44. Lattice Degeneration:
A. Is a circumferentially oriented lesion somewhat anterior to the
equator
B. Is characterized by retinal thickening
C. Shows no abnormalities of adjacent vitreous
D. Shows interlacing white line, along the blood vessels
E. A and D
45. All of the following may be helpful in diagnosing toxocariasis
except:
A . Collection of child's stool for ova & parasites .
B . Examination of child's sandbox for ova & parasites .
C . Blood typing and ABO titre .
D . Serologic tests for toxocara (ELISA) .
E . History of pica .
46. A75- year old patient with chronic posterior uveitis , subretinal
exudates and retinal hemorrhage is unresponsive to all forms of
steroid therapy , the patient begins to develop neurological signs
, A possible likely diagnosis is :
A . Sarcoid uveitis .
B . Reticulum cell sarcoma .
C . Toxoplasmic retino-choroiditis .
D . Vogt-koyanagi- Harada syndrome .
E . Pars planitis .
47. Central Serous Retinopathy:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Is situated in macula
Is usually bilateral
Usually shows no recovery
Most frequently affects females
48. Clinically Significant Macular Edema in Diabetic Retinopathy is
characterized by:
A. Thickening of the retina at or within 500 microns of the center of
the macula
B. Hard exudates at or within 500 microns of the center of the
macula, if associated with thickening of adjacent retina
C. A zone or zones of retinal thickening 1 disc area or larger, any part
of which is within 1 disc diameter of the center of macula
D. Any of the above
E. None of the above
8
49. High Risk factors for severe visual loss in proliferative diabetic
retinopathy are the following except for:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Disc new vessels with vitreous hemorrhage
Cotton wool spots
Extensive disc new vessels without hemorrhage
New vessels elsewhere with vitreous hemorrhage
Presence of rubeosis irides
50. Which of the following ROP stages is to be considered for
cryotherapy according to the results of the ROP-Cryo Study:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III Plus
Stage IV
Stage V
51. Which is the most reliable feature of Subretinal neovascular
membrane?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Serous retinal detachment
Late leakage of dye on fluorescein angiography
Retinal hemorrhage
Early lacy hyperfluorescence
Hard exudates
52. In which of the following conditions might it be helpful to
enhance the immune response with an immunopotentiating drug
A . Uveitis .
B . Malignant melanoma of the choroid .
C . Allergic conjunctivitis .
D . Urticaria .
E . Sympathetic ophthalmia .
53. Which of the following statements is not correct?:
Traction retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
A. Can be treated by vitreous surgery , when the macula is involved
B. Is caused by complete PVD and new vessels at disc
C. May result in a retinal hole and may have an additional
rhegmatogenous component
D. Does not need to be treated, when the detachment is extramacular
E. Is usually located initially at upper/lower vessel arcades
54. Anterior segment ischemia following eye muscle surgery:
A. Is especially common following muscle transposition procedures
B. Can occur following surgery on two rectus muscles
C. Typically presents with iritis and an irregular pupil
D. Arteriosclerosis, hyperviscosity and retinal buckles are predisposing
factors
E. All of the above
9
55. Which of the following procedure is contraindicated in the
treatment of type "I" Duane’s syndrome:
A. Recess medial rectus of the Duane eye
B. Lateral rectus Y-splitting procedure of the Duane eye
C. Resect lateral rectus of the Duane eye
D. Recess medial rectus of contralateral eye
E. Transposition of lateral rectus
56. One of the following statements is true regarding amblyopia:
A. Better visual acuity with multiple opto types than single ones
B. Is reversible when treated in early childhood
C. Always associated with organic cause
D. Patients have central fixation
E. Neutral density filter effect is not used to diagnose amblyopia
57. All are characteristics of infantile esotropia except:
A. Large esotropia
B. Presentation before 6 months of age
C. High hypermetropia is common
D. Commonly associated with DVD and inferior oblique over action
E. Family history of esotropia is present
58. One of the following is true regarding accommodative esotropia:
A. Associated with myopia
B. Prescribing the full refractive error corrects the esotropia in
refractive
accommodative esotropia
C. Corrected always by surgery
D. Presents commonly before 6/12 of age
E. Non refractive accommodative esotropia has normal AC/A ratio
59. Which of the following is the least likely to cause a subluxation of
the lens:
A. Familial simple lens subluxation
B. Marfan syndrome
C. Homocystinuria
D. Hyperlysinemia
E. Weill-Marchesani syndrome
60. Which is a feature of orbital (not preseptal) cellulitis:
A. Eyelid edema
B. Tenderness to palpation
C. Fever
D. Proptosis
E. Conjunctivitis
10
61. Which of the following is not a cause of papilledema:
A. Pseudotumor cerebri
B. Intracranial hemorrhage
C. Choroid plexus tumor
D. Optic nerve drusen
E. Hydrocephalus
62. Cherry red spot is seen in all these disorders except:
A. Tay Sachs disease
B. Neimann Pick disease
C. Central retinal artery occlusion
D. Down syndrome
E. Generalized Gangliosidosis
63. Which of the following conditions is not associated with childhood
glaucoma:
A. Sturge Weber syndrome
B. Aniridia
C. Galactosemia
D. Lowe syndrome
E. Rieger syndrome
64. All are ocular findings commonly seen in Down’s syndrome
except:
A. Upslanting palpebral fissure
B. Chronic blepharitis
C. Brushfield’s spots
D. Cataract
E. Papilledema
65. One of the following diseases has a mitochondrial inheritance:
A. Choroidaermia
B. Aicardi’s syndrome
C. Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
D. Retinitis pigmentosa
E. Norrie disease
66. All are true about superior oblique muscle except:
A. Primary function is intorsion
B. Longest tendon of all extraocular muscles
C. Insertion fans out under superior rectus
D. Anatomical origin is at the trachlea
E. Supplied by trochlear nerve
67. The field of action of superior rectus muscle is:
A. Superior nasal
B. Superior temporal
C. Directly up
D. Inferior temporal
E. Inferior nasal
11
68. “Hering’s Law”
A. States that yoke muscles receive equal innervation
B. Explains monocular eye movements
C. Controls duction eye movements
D. Is used to explain Duane’s Syndrome
E. Explains reciprocal innervation of muscles
69. The oculomotor nerve supplies all of these muscles except:
A. Medial rectus
B. Superior rectus
C. Levator palpebrae
D. Orbicularis muscle
E. Inferior oblique
70. Check ligaments:
A. Are true ligmanets
B. Are fascial extensions that extend from the muscle sheath and
insert on orbital wall
C. They limit the excursion of the extraocular muscles
D. Are the fusion between the capsules of IO and IR muscles
E. Are the same as the intermuscular septum
71. Examples of type IV delayed hypersensitivity reactions involve all
except:
A. Viral infection
B. VKH disease
C. Sarcoidosis
D. Sympathetic ophthalmia
E. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
72. Type I atopic reactions are initiated by:
A. Histamine
B. Antigen –antibody complexes
C. Mast cell
D. Complement
E. Sensitized T-cells
73. Causes of poor vision in a six month old without nystagmus might
include all of the following except:
A. Cortical visual defect
B. Delayed visual maturation
C. Developmental delay
D. Optic nerve hypoplasia
12
74. The most common cause of poor visual result after successful
penetrating
keratoplasty for aphakic bullous keratopathy is:
A. Unclear turbid vitreous
B. Retinal haemorrhage
C. Distorted pupil
D. Cystoid macular oedema
E. All of the above
75. One of the following is true about albinism:
A. All forms of albinism are transmitted by autosomal recessive way.
B. at the chiasm, crossing nerve fibers are less than non crossing
ones.
C. Vision is very poor in almost all cases.
D. foveal hypoplasia
76. One of the following is true about Giant cell arteritis:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mostly affects middle aged group of patients.
ESR does not exceed 40 mm in the first hour.
Temporal artery biopsy is positive in all cases.
Can be a lethal systemic disease.
77. Regarding the crystalline lens all the following are true except :
A. The adult lens contains approximately 66% water and 33%
protein.
B. Glutathione concentration in the lens is 12 times higher than that
in the aqueous humor
C. Glucose in the lens is mainly metabolized through Krebs cycle
D. Most of the lens’ proteins are soluble (85% crystalline) while the
remaining
are insoluble (Albuminoid).
78. All the following conditions are associated with congenital
cataract except :
A.
B.
C.
D.
Galactokinase deficiency
Neurofibromatosis
Fabry’s disease.
Rubella
79. One of the following is false about retinoblastoma:
A. Familial and hereditary cases are more common than sporadic
cases.
B. Vitreal seeding is an unfavorable sign.
C. Calcification is a radiological feature of the disease.
D. May regress spontaneously.
13
80. One of the following is true about retinitis pigmentosa:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Central scotoma is characteristic
Tortuous dilated retinal veins are seen in X-linked inherited type.
May be associated with deafness.
Nuclear cataract is the most common type of cataract associated with
retinitis pigmentosa
81. One of the following is true about lid tumors:
A. Squamous cell carcinoma constitutes 90% of all primary cancers
of eye lid.
B. Basal cell carcinoma is a common finding in Xeroderma
Pigmentosum.
C. Sebaceous carcinoma may mimic chronic blepharitis
D. Keratoacanthoma of the lid metastasizes by blood route only.
82. One of the following is false regarding Benign Intracranial
Hypertension:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Caused by benign intracranial tumor
Unilateral or bilateral sixth nerve palsy can be seen..
Acetazolamide is the main line of treatment.
Optic nerve sheath decompression is indicated in selected cases.
83. All the following are side effects of systemic Acetazolamide
except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Hyperkalemia
Diarrhea
Parasthesia
Renal stones
84. One of the following is true regarding macular edema:
A. It is never seen in retinitis pigmentosa.
B. Can be treated by intra-vitreal injection of triamicinolone
acetonide.
C. Pre-existing macular edema regresses after Cataract surgery.
D. The spot size in grid laser for diabetic maculopathy is 400-500
Microns.
85. Coat’s Disease is characterized by one of the following:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Both eyes are affected.
Females are more affected than males.
Retinal neovascularization.
leukcoria
14
86. Rubeosis iridis may be associated with all the following conditions
except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Diabetes Mellitus
cone- rode dystrophy
Central retinal vein occlusion.
Ocular ischemic syndrome.
87. Blunt trauma to the eye can cause all the following except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Nummular keratitis
Diplopia
Enophthalmos
Macular hole
Visual field loss (partial or complete)
88. One of the following is true regarding corneal dystrophies:
A.
B.
C.
D.
All types are inherited by autosomal recessive way.
Usually occur in one eye only.
May recur after lamellar but not penetrating corneal graft.
Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) might be effective procedure
for selected cases.
89. All the following may be associated with Behcet’s Disease except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Familial predisposition is common.
Genital ulcers.
Recurrent aphthous ulcers.
Thrombosis of inferior vena cava.
Retinal neovascularization.
90. Adie’s syndrome is characterized by all the following except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Decreased pupillary sensitivity to pilocarpine
Segmental contraction of sphincter muscle of the pupil.
Diminished or absent tendon reflex
Light-near dissociation.
91. Pulsating exophthalmos is seen in all the following except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Carotid cavernous fistula
Thyroid ophthalmopathy
Anterior encephalocele
Neurofibromatosis.
92. One of the following is false regarding bony orbit:
A. The fossa of the lacrimal gland is located in the supero-nasal
aspect of the roof.
B. The medial wall is the thinnest wall of the orbit.
C. The floor is the most susceptible in blow out fracture.
D. Orbital bone growth retardation is seen after enucleation in
neonates.
15
93. Systemic Steroid therapy is useful in all the following conditions
except:
A. A 67-year old man with artertic type of ischemic optic neuropathy.
B. A 55-year old woman with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis.
C. A 28- year-old woman with sudden decrease of vision in her only
eye to hand movement secondary to optic neuritis
D. A 24-year-old man with active toxoplasma retinitis involving the
macula together with proper antiparasitic cover.
94. All the following tests are of diagnostic importance in Myasthenia
Gravis except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tensilon Test.
CT scan of the chest.
Electromyography
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
95. One of the following is false regarding Mitomycin C:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Is an antibiotic drug isolated from Streptomces caespiousus.
It might cause scleral melting.
The use of Mitomycin C in conjunction with Trabeculectomy
has no effect on the incidence of late onset endophthalmitis.
It decreases haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
96. All the following conditions are associated with corneal
crystalline deposits
except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cystinosis
Fabry’s disease
Chloroquine
Icthyosis.
97. Angioid streaks are seen in all the following conditions except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pseudoxanthema elasticum
Paget’s disease.
Ehler-Danlos syndrome.
Retinoschisis.
98. Deafness is usually a clinical finding in the following disorders
except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome
Intra uterine Rubella infection
Wilson's disease
Aminoglycoside toxicity
16
99. All the following statements regarding psuedoexfoliation
syndrome are true except:
A. Medical treatment is usually the same as in primary open angle
glaucoma
B. Laser trabeculoplasty has a low success rate
C. Trabeculectomy has results similar to primary open angle
glaucoma
D. Zonule is weaker than that of normal eyes
100. The treatment of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis requires
systemic therapy with erythromycin because:
A. Topical antibiotics are not effective in children
B. Topical antibiotics promote resistance
C. Pneumonitis or pneumonia frequently accompany chlamydial
conjunctivitis
D. Systemic erythromycin therapy is less expensive than topical
treatment
GOOD LUCK
17