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Method A is Asexual Reproduction While Method B is Sexual Reproduction Letter Z represents: Chromosomes What is this? Karyotype What is it used for? To detect chromosomal abnormalities, like Down’s Syndrome, in fetuses. Name that process: Recombination or crossing over In what type of cell division does crossing over occur in? Meiosis VARIATION This crossing over result in _______________ Mitosis Some words associated with mitosis are: ASEXUAL Identical Clones Name or Describe what each number represents. 1 is a sperm or male gamete 2 is an egg or female gamete 3 is a zygote or fertilized egg 4 is the beginning of cleavage Meiosis Some words associated meiosis are: Sexual Variation Diploid to monoploid Crossing over Ecosystem Name the source of Energy in in this Ecosystem… The Sun Name two abiotic Factors: Water, sunlight, Oxygen, pH temperature Name 2 biotic factors: Frog, fish, plants The dashed line in the graph Carrying capacity represents the ________________ Name the dependent variable: Number of Colonies of Bacteria present in Culture Name the independent variable pH pH values range from: 0 to 14 The word Optimum means: Ideal or best condition The optimum pH for this bacteria to grow is: 8 Classify each letter as biotic or abiotic A: Abiotic E: Abiotic B: Biotic C: Biotic D: Abiotic What is the source of Energy LIGHT in this ecosystem? Species A and C are not Likely to compete because: They occupy different NICHE Species A is could be declining because: A is being outcompeted by species B. Species A lacks the adaptations to survive Or compete successfully. Approximately on what day did both Day species have populations of the same size? 0 and Day 5.5 or 6 The Independent variable is: DAYS Ecological Succession Why are there no plants growing in section A? Sunlight does not reach this area. This is an example of an _______________________ Abiotic Factor (light) affecting a Biotic Factor (plants) ____________________________. Name that cycle: Water Cycle Name that Cycle NITROGEN CYCLE CYCLES Matter ________________________, while energy does not cycle. Instead, in the end lost energy is _________________. That is why every ecosystem needs a Supply of energy constant________________________ How many Paramecium aurelia are there in day 10? There are 250 paramecium What is the approximate carrying capacity for rabbits in this ecosystem? Approximately 55 thousands. List some limiting factors that might be affecting the rabbit population. Water, food availability, predators, lack of space or shelter, A= Mutualism B= Shark and Remora or tropical trees and orchids C= Parasitism Name the following organisms based on the way they carry nutrition 1 Heterotroph or Consumer 2 Autotroph or Producer 3 Decomposer or Saprophyte 4 Herbivore or 1st Level Consumer 5 Heterotroph or consumer Identify the producer in this food web: Photosynthetic Plankton (Notice how it has no arrows going into it, because it makes its own food) How would the elephant seal population be affected if the crabeater seal, Adelie penguin, and leopard seal population declined? The elephant seal population would decrease because the killer whale would begin to prey only on them since its other prey are decreasing. Match the letters in the energy pyramid to the organisms in the diagram A Snake B Frog C Grasshopper D Plants Describe the relationship between the oxygen content and relative quantity of carp. Oxygen level increases As ________________________decreases the carp population________________. Which two fish species seem to require high levels of oxygen and low levels of sewage waste? Whitefish and Trout Which line has reached the environment’s carrying capacity? The solid line How many days did the spraying last? 160 minus 30 = 130 days Why did the spraying lose its effectiveness through time? In the initial spraying some mosquitoes had a variation that made them resistant to the Spray. These survivors reproduced and likely passed on the trait to future generations. Explain why these limbs are different, according to the theory of evolution. Because each species has adapted to a different environment or niche. Explain why they are similar. They share a common ancestor. Why are the medium size mice the most abundant? Survival of the fittest. That size is the most suitable for its environment. Explain why the fur color frequency has changed in 10 years. The environment changed and now those with darker fur colors are more likely to survive. 8200 Identify the dependent variable. Daily Mosquito count How many mosquitoes were there on Month 5? 8200 Comparative Embryology The similarities between these embryos suggests: That these species share a common ancestor or share similar evolutionary history Based on this sequence of amino acids, which two species would share the closest common ancestor? Human and Chimpanzee, since their sequences are identical Which species are alive today? F, G,H, I, B, J Which species are now extinct? C and D Model I represents: Gradualism Model II Represents:Punctuated Equilibrium Identify species alive today Q and S Identify extinct species J, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, t Heterotroph Hypothesis According to the ______________________ this is what the Early earth was like. According to this heterotroph hypothesis the first Anaerobic heterotroph organisms were: ____________________________________ What is the optimum pH for bacteria A? 6.8 Weak acid What is the optimum pH for bacteria B? 7.8 Weak Base Would the pH for A be considered acidic, neutral or basic? What about for B? What is the value of each line division? 2 What is the volume of the liquid? 24 ml What is the name of the instrument used to measure this volume? Graduated Cylinder Name the parts A Eyepiece B Coarse Adjustment C High Power Objective Lens D Diaphragm What hypothesis is probably being investigated here? HINT: Use If…..then…… If the temperature decreases, then plant growth will decrease. What is the independent variable? Hint: the variable being manipulated Temperature Identify 2 unsafe laboratory procedures the student is performing. 1. Test tube is pointing at him. 2. He is not wearing goggles Study the chart above. This color change in inherited gene A is an example of the Environment ___________________________ Gene Expression affecting ___________________________ Environment This is an example of the ________________ affecting ______________________________ Gene expression Which variety of corn would be in the greatest danger of extinction if the environment were to change? Domestic Corn WHY? It has the least diversity or variation. Mutation What kind of mutation is this? Deletion What is the gender or sex of Individual A? Male because he has an X and a Y sex chromosome. What is the gender or sex of Individual A? Female because she has X X sex chromosome. What genetic abnormality can you detect in Individual A? He has Down’s Syndrome, since he has an extra Chromosome 21 (trisomy) DNA The numbers represent: Nitrogen Bases (A,T,C,G) Deoxyribose The sugar in DNA is__________________ List 2 reasons why this is DNA and not RNA. 1. It is double stranded. 2. It uses Thymine (T). RNA uses Uracil (U) Genetic Engineering or Gene Splicing Molecule 1: DNA: instructions for the synthesis of the protein Molecule 2: Messenger RNA:Copies the Gene or DNA segment containing Instructions for the synthesis of the protein Molecule 3: Polypeptide or protein Label each number: 1 Phosphate 2 Bond 3 Sugar, specifically Deoxyribose 4 5 Bond Hydrogen Bond, 5 DNA unzips at point ___________________during DNA replication. Protein or Messenger RNA Amino Acid 1= 3= 5= Polypeptide 2= Transfer RNA 4= Ribosome Nucleotide Circle= Phosphate Pentagon= Rectangle= Sugar Nitrogen Base NAME THE PROCESS: Protein Synthesis Molecule X is: Messenger RNA Name the process: Protein Synthesis What does each number represent? 1. Messenger RNA 3. Polypeptide 2. Amino acids 4. anticodon 5. codon Identify Labels A-H A. DNA B. Messenger RNA D. Amino Acids E. Transfer RNA G. Ribosome H C. Nucleus Polypeptide F. or Protein Cell membrane or Plasma Membrane Name the Process: Genetic Engineering or Gene Splicing Restriction Enzymes _________________are used to ligase (enzyme) cut the DNA, while ______________________ is used to insert the foreign DNA into the new species genome. Name the lab procedure: Gel Electrophoresis SIZE Gel Electrophoresis separates DNA strands based on __________________ Is DNA positively or negatively charged? NEGATIVE