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Early America and the Age of Christopher Columbus Land Bridge Invites New People Glaciers froze enough water that the Berengia (a land bridge) was exposed allowing people to cross. Bering Strait Alaska Russia Native American Societies Around 1492 Aztec Empire in Mexico Remnants of the Mayan City-States in Central America Incan Empire in South America U.S. and Canada- Variety of cultures and tribes living in all types of geographical and climatological regions (See map page 11) Back in Europe around 1492 Christianity Christianity shapes the outlook of Europeans – There was a call to convert people of other faiths – Crusades, Martin Luther and Protestantism, Catholic Monks Map of the splits in Christianity and the Islamic/Turkish Empire Portuguese The Portuguese were the first to arrive in West Africa in the 1400’s – This interaction brought West Africa and European trade closer together – Portuguese were the first to create plantations run by slaves – A practice that was so efficient it would be used in mass quantity in American society Age of Exploration Portugal takes the lead – Prince Henry the Navigator used the innovations and sent his captains farther and farther – Barthalomeau Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488 – Vasco de Gama reached India ten years later Reasons for Voyage and Exploration Seek a Passage through Americas to the Far East Gold, Silver and other Valuables Establish claims to new land Spread Christianity Reasons for Voyage and Exploration Convert Indians to Christianity Intellectual curiosity Pave the way for trade routes and new settlements Christopher Columbus Columbus felt there was a faster way to Asia— Across the Atlantic – Queen Isabella of Spain was encouraged to fund an expedition…the payoffs could be great and the cost would be minimal Columbus Queen Isabella of Spain heard of Columbus and decided to fund his adventure – On August 3rd 1492 Columbus set sail out of a Spanish port In 1492 Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue… Columbus set sail with three vessels… • The Nina • The Pinta • The Santa Maria A little more than 2 months later (October 12th 1492) the Pinta discovered land The Mission Columbus was on a mission to discover Gold He wished to claim land for Spain He also promised that he would spread Christianity First Encounter Columbus encountered a group of people calling themselves Taino He renamed the Island San Salvador Zinn Reading- annotate and notebook questions Diseases and Enslavement decimate the Native Americas Diseases Include: – Small pox – Mumps – Measles – Chicken Pox – Typhus “Discovery” of the Americas Has Huge Effects Monarchs see their ability to increase wealth Citizens can live in a society with few constraints New plants and Animals are introduced Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange Used to describe the exchange of plants, animals, human populations and diseases between the Old and New world. Old World New World Rivals Portuguese are resentful of the Spanish In order to avoid war, the Treaty of Tordesillas was signed between the Spanish and the Portuguese Treaty of Tordesillas June 7th 1494 Divided the Western Hemisphere Vertically The Americas belonged to Spain East of the line including Brazil belonged to Portugal Multiculturalism Elements of all three of these worlds can be seen in our society Multiculturalism is one of our greatest struggles and assets.