Download US History Top 100 - Waterville Central School

U.S. History
Top 100
What every student should know
to pass the U.S. History EOC
Goals 7-12
Goal 7: The Progressive Movement
(1890-1914)
• The learner will analyze the economic,
political, and social reforms of the
Progressive Period.
Causes of Progressivism
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Ineffectiveness of government
Poor working conditions
Emergence of Social Gospel
Unequal distribution of wealth
Immigration
Urban poor
Corruption
T. Roosevelt – The Square Deal
• The Pure Food And Drug Act –
The Jungle
• The Elkins Act – Railroad Reform
• The Panama Canal
Progressive Party Platform
• The platform called for
women's suffrage, recall of
judicial decisions, easier
amendment of the U.S.
Constitution, social welfare
legislation for women and
children, workers'
compensation, limited
injunctions in strikes, farm
relief, revision of banking to
assure an elastic currency.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, 1911
• A fire in New York's
Triangle Shirtwaist
Company killed 146 people,
mostly women. The doors
were locked and the
windows were too high for
them to get to the ground.
Highlighted the poor
working conditions and led
to federal regulations to
protect workers.
Muckrakers
• Journalists who
searched for and
publicized real or
alleged acts of
corruption of public
officials,
businessmen.
Robert LaFollette
• Political leader who
believed in libertarian
reforms, he was a
major leader of the
Progressive movement
from Wisconsin.
• Recall, initiative,
referendum
Federal Reserve Act, 1913
• Regulated banking to
help small banks stay
in business. A move
away from laissezfaire policies, it was
passed by Wilson.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1886
• The Supreme Court ruled against Plessy,
saying that segregated facilities for
whites and blacks were legal as long as
the facilities were of equal quality.
Disenfranchisement
• The Mississippi supreme court ruled that
poll taxes and literacy tests, which took
away blacks' right to vote (a practice
known as "disenfranchisement"), were
legal.
• 24th amend.
Booker T. Washington
• Washington believed that African
Americans had to achieve economic
independence before civil rights. In
1881, he founded the first formal school
for blacks, the Tuskegee Institute.
W.E.B. DuBois
• DuBois believed that black
Americans had to
demand their social
and civil rights or
else become
permanent victims of
racism. Helped found the
NAACP. He disagreed
with Booker T.
Washington's theories.
Marcus Garvey
• 1920’s – Organized the “Back
Africa” Movement
to
• America continued to oppress AfricanAmericans and deny them their civil
rights
• Not very successful
New Marketing Techniques
• Advertising
• Mail order catalogs
• Consumerism
Goal 8: The Great War and Its
Aftermath (1914-1930)
• The learner will analyze
United States
involvement in World
War I and the war’s
influence on
international affairs
during the 1920s.
U.S. - Neutrality to Involvement
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May 1915 – U-boats sink the Lusitania
Sept. 1915 – Germany promises not to sink unarmed ships
March 1916 – Germany sinks the Sussex
May 1916 – Germany promises not to sink unarmed ships
Jan. 1917 – Zimmerman note is intercepted
Feb. 1917 – Germany resumes unrestricted submarine
warfare
• April 1917 – U.S. declares war on Germany
Russian Revolution, 1917
• Instituted a Communist
government lead by the
Bolshevik party under
Lenin. Lenin pulled
Russia out of WWI.
Fourteen Points, 1918
• Wilson's idea that he wanted included in
the WWI peace treaty, including freedom
of the seas and the League of Nations.
League of Nations, 1919
• Devised by President Wilson, it comprised
of delegates from many countries, the U.S.
did not join. It was designed to be run by a
council of the five largest countries. It also
included a provision for a world court.
Eugene V. Debs
• Debs repeatedly ran for president as a
socialist, he was imprisoned after he gave a
speech protesting WWI in violation of the
Sedition Act.
Schenck v. U.S., 1919
• United States Supreme Court
decision concerning the
question of whether the
defendant possessed a First
Amendment right to free
speech against the draft during
World War I. During wartime,
utterances tolerable in
peacetime can be punished.
“clear and present danger”
Sacco and Vanzetti – Red Scare
• Sacco and Vanzetti were
Italian immigrants charged
with murdering a guard and
robbing a shoe factory.
• Convicted on circumstantial
evidence, many believed
they had been framed for
the crime because of their
anarchist and pro-union
activities.
Goal 9: Prosperity and Depression
(1919-1939)
• The learner will appraise the economic,
social, and political changes of the decades
of “The Twenties” and “The Thirties.”
Assembly Line
• Arrangement of equipment and workers in
which work passes from operation to
operation in a direct line until the product
is assembled.
Impact of Mass Media
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Radio
Marketing
Advertising
Jazz
Silent & “talkie” films
“The Jazz Singer”
“Fireside Chats”
Lost Generation
• Writer Gertrude Stein told Hemingway,
"You are all a lost generation," referring to
the many restless young writers who
gathered in Paris after WW I. They thought
the U.S. was materialistic and they
criticized conformity.
Harlem Renaissance, Langston
Hughes
• Hughes was a gifted
writer who wrote
humorous poems,
stories, essays and
poetry. Harlem was a
center for black writers,
musicians, and
intellectuals.
Flappers, 1920’s
• Women started wearing
short skirts and bobbed
hair, and had more
sexual freedom. They
began to abandon
traditional female roles
and take jobs usually
reserved for men.
Fundamentalism
• Movement or attitude stressing strict and
literal adherence to a set of basic
principles.
Billy Sunday
• 1920’s evangelical preacher
• # 1 preacher in America
• Fought for a return to fundamentalism
Scopes Trial, 1925
• Prosecution of school teacher, John
Scopes, for violation of a Tennessee law
forbidding public schools from teaching
about evolution. Scopes was convicted and
fined $100, but the trial started a shift of
public opinion away from Fundamentalism.
Stock Market Crash, 1929
• On October 24, 1929, panic selling occurred as
investors realized the stock boom had been an over
inflated bubble. Margin investors were being
decimated as every stock holder tried to liquidate.
Millionaire margin investors became bankrupt
instantly, as the stock market crashed on October
28 and 29.
Dust Bowl, 1930s
• A series of catastrophic dust storms caused
major ecological and agricultural damage to
American prairie lands in the 1930s, caused
by decades of inappropriate farming
techniques.
Bonus Army, 1932
• Facing the financial crisis of
the Depression, WW I
veterans asked Congress
to pay their retirement
bonuses early. Congress
considered a bill, but it was
not approved. Angry
veterans marched on
Washington, D.C., and
Hoover called in the army.
Bank Failures
• During the first 10 months of 1930, 744
banks failed. In all, 9,000 banks failed during
the decade of the 1930s. By 1933,
depositors saw $140 billion disappear
through bank failures.
Causes of Great Depression
• Much debt, stock prices
spiraling up, overproduction and underconsuming, the stock
market crashed.
Germany's default on
reparations caused
European bank failures,
which spread to the U.S.
New Deal Agencies
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Long Term Effects of New Deal
Programs
• Expansion of the role of federal
government
• Government responsibility for the welfare
of its citizens
• Expanding government role in the
economy
• Deficit spending
Goal 10: World War II and the
Beginning of the Cold War (1930s1963)
• The learner will analyze
United States
involvement in World
War II and the war’s
influence on
international affairs in
following decades.
Lend-lease Act, 1941
• Authorized the president to transfer, lend,
or lease any article of defense equipment
to any government whose defense was
deemed vital to the defense of the U.S.
Allowed the U.S. to send supplies and
ammunition to the Allies.
Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
• Surprise attack by Japanese on U.S.
Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii. The U.S. declared war on Japan
and Germany, entering World War II.
D-Day, June 6, 1944
• Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops
(the largest invasion force in history)
stormed the beaches at Normandy and
began the process of re-taking France.
The turning point of World War II.
War Posters
• The radio, print, and
film industries
reminded Americans
that they were in a
struggle between
dictatorship and
democracy.
Rosie the Riveter
• Women found jobs,
especially in heavy
industry, that fell
outside the traditional
realm of women’s work.
Korematsu v. U.S., 1944
• Upheld the U.S. government's decision to
put Japanese-Americans in internment
camps during World War II.
ISLAND HOPPING
• Strategy to defeat Japan in the Pacific
Midway and Coral Sea
• Midway – U.S. became the
dominant naval power in the
Pacific – sunk 4 of Japan’s aircraft
carriers
• Coral Sea – first naval battle fought
strictly by air power
G.I. Bill, 1944
• Servicemen's
Readjustment Act,
also called the G.I.
Bill of Rights. Granted
$13 billion in aid for former
servicemen, ranging
from educational
grants to housing and
other services to
assist with the
readjustment to
society.
Marshall Plan, 1947
• Introduced by Secretary
of State George G.
Marshall, he proposed
massive economic aid to
Europe to revitalize the
European economies
after WWII and help
prevent the spread of
Communism.
Korean War, 1950
• On June 25, 1950, the
Communist North invaded
the Democratic South. The
United Nations created an
international army, lead by
the U.S. to fight for the
South and China joined the
war on the side of North
Korea. This was the first
time the United Nations
had intervened militarily.
Post-war Organizations
• United Nations, 1945 - Founded after WWII by
victorious Allied Powers to intervene in
conflicts between nations and avoid war.
• NATO, 1949 - The member nations agreed to
fight for each other if attacked. It is an
international military force. Collective Security
deterrent for communism
• SEATO, 1954 - Alliance of non-Communist Asian nations modeled after
NATO. Unlike NATO, it didn't establish a military force.
United Nations
• The General Assembly
• The UN Security Council – has final
decision on all Assembly votes
• USA, CHINA, GREAT BRITAIN,
FRANCE, RUSSIA
Containment, George F. Keenan
• A member of the State Department, he felt
that the best way to keep Communism out
of Europe was to confront the Russians
wherever they tried to spread their power.
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
• After discovering the
Russians were building
nuclear missile launch
sites in Cuba, the U.S.
announced a quarantine of
Cuba. After six days of
confrontation that almost
led to nuclear war,
Khrushchev agreed to
dismantle the launch sites.
Goal 11: Recovery, Prosperity, and
Turmoil (1945-1980)
• The learner will trace economic, political,
and social developments and assess their
significance for the lives of Americans
during this time period.
McCarthyism, 1950-1953
• Senator who began sensational
campaign by asserting that the
U.S. State Department had
been infiltrated by Communists.
He accused the Army of
covering up foreign espionage.
The Army-McCarthy Hearings
made McCarthy look so foolish
that further investigations were
halted.
McCarthyism
• Hunt For “REDS” – Communists
• Used loyalty oaths and the House on UNAmerican activities Committee (HUAC)
• Destroyed lives – with false accusations
• Gain his own political power
Domino Theory, 1957
• It stated that if one country fell to
Communism, it would undermine another
and that one would fall, producing a
domino effect.
Sputnik, 1957
• The first artificial
satellite sent into
space, launched by
the Soviets.
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
• The Supreme Court
overruled Plessy v.
Ferguson, declared that
racially segregated
facilities are inherently
unequal and ordered all
public schools
desegregated.
Eisenhower – Civil Rights
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Little Rock Nine
Central High School, Arkansas
Gov. blocks entry with National Guard
Eisenhower hesitant/reluctant – but does
send in 101st airborne to force integration
• Federal Supremacy over states
Détente’
• Nixon’s relaxed approach to the Cold war.
He wanted to end Vietnam and open
Russia and China for Trade
Martin Luther King, Jr.
• The leader of the Civil Rights Movement
and President of the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference, promoted nonviolent protest.
Malcolm X
• Malcolm X expressed the
feelings of many African
American activists who
had grown impatient with
King’s nonviolent
methods. Malcolm X
preached a message of
self-reliance and selfdetermination.
Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan,
1963
• Depicted how difficult a
woman's life is because
she doesn't think about
herself, only her family. It
said that middle-class
society stifled women and
didn't let them use their
talents. Attacked the "cult
of domesticity." NOW
ERA failed
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 1964
• After a U.S. Navy ship
reportedly was fired on,
Congress passed this
resolution which gave the
president power to send
troops to Vietnam to
protect against further
North Vietnamese
aggression.
My Lai Incident, 1968
• An American unit
destroyed the village of
My Lai, killing many
women and children.
The incident was not
revealed to the public
until 20 months later.
War Powers Act, 1973
• Gave any president the power to go to war
under certain circumstances, but required
that he could only do so for 90 days before
being required to officially bring the matter
before Congress.
• Effected the role of
The President
Détente
• A lessening of tensions between U.S. and
Soviet Union and China. Besides disarming
missiles to insure a lasting peace between
superpowers, Nixon pressed for trade
relations and a limited military budget.
Immigration Act 1965
• Got rid of quotas from the 1924 – National
Origins Act –
• Opened up more immigration from Asia
and Latin America 1970-2010
• Does Limit the amount of legal immigratin
from each country in the World
Watergate Scandal, 1972-1974
• In 1972, five men were arrested for breaking
into the Democratic National Committee's
executive quarters in the Watergate Hotel.
Nixon admitted to complicity in the burglary.
In 1974, as Nixon's impeachment began, he
resigned.
Nixon Cover-up
• Nixon
• Doctored
Tapes
• U.S. v Nixon
Give up the
tapes
Cesar Chavez
• Non-violent leader of the United Farm
Workers from 1963-1970. Organized
laborers in California and in the Southwest to
strike against fruit and vegetable growers.
Unionized Mexican-American farm workers.
Goal 12: The United States since
the Vietnam War (1973-present)
• The learner will identify and analyze trends
in domestic and foreign affairs of the
United States during this time period.
1970’s Energy/Oil Crisis
• O.P.E.C. – oil embargo 1973 – energy
costs skyrocket – hurt the economy
• Air Pollution – Emission Control Laws –
Catalytic converters – clean up the air
Camp David Accords, 1978
• Peace talks between Egypt and Israel
mediated by President Carter.
Title IX, 1972
• "No person in the United
States shall, on the basis of
sex, be excluded from
participation in, be denied the
benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any
education program or activity
receiving Federal financial
assistance."
Affirmative Action
• Policy that gives special consideration to
women and minorities to make up for past
discrimination.
Regents of the University of
California v. Bakke, 1978
• Barred colleges from admitting students solely
on the basis of race, but allowed them to include
race along with other considerations when
deciding which students to admit.
• Reverse discrimination
• Affirmative Action – gives minorities
Access to job opportunities
Not guarantee one
Iranian Hostage Crisis 1979-1981
• 52 Americans held hostage by Islamic
Radicals for 444 days – released Jan. 20,
1981 – Reagan inaugural
• DESTROYED PRESIDENT JIMMY
CARTER’S CHANCES OF WINNING
THE
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1980
Ronald Reagan
• Reaganomics – provide incentives to
stimulate economic growth
• Lower taxes on corporations
• Less government regulation in
business
• G.H. Walker Bush did the same thing.
INVASION OF GRENADA 1983
• ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THE
POLICY OF CONTAINMENT
• STOP THE SPREAD OF
COMMUNISM IN THE CARIBBEAN
North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA), 1992
• The North American Free Trade Area is the trade
bloc created by the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA), whose members are
Canada, Mexico and the United States.
Free trade in Western Hemisphere
Clinton-N.A.T.O. - Bosnia
• NATO forces sent in to Bosnia
to stop the bloody civil wars in
the former Yugoslavia
Election of 2000
• In the presidential
election of 2000
Republican George W.
Bush was elected over
Democrat Al Gore in one
of the closest and most
controversial presidential
elections in the history of
the United States.
September 11, 2001
• The September 11, 2001
attacks consisted of a
series of coordinated
terrorist suicide attacks
by Islamic extremists on
the United States on
September 11, 2001.
No Child Left Behind, 2002
• President Bush signed
the No Child Left Behind
Act. The law helps
schools improve by
focusing on accountability
for results, freedom for
states and communities,
proven education
methods, and choices for
parents.
The Graying of America
• Impact – Baby Boomers living longer
lives puts a heavy burden on our health
care system
• Federal Government has to pay more
benefits for medi-care and medi-caid
programs $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Immigration Patterns 1970-2010
• Since 1970 the largest immigrant group
has been Hispanics.
• More and more Asians have immigrated
to this country as well.
• Each group came looking for a better
life and better job opportunities.