Download Intro To Biology

TAXONOMY
Taxonomy
is. a branch of science that deals
with the classifications of
living things
Carolus Linnaeus
1753
Father of Taxonomy
Three Interrelated Parts of
Taxonomy
• Classification
Arrangement into groups
• Nomenclature
Assignment of Names
• Identification
Determining Identity
Five Kingdom System
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Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Prokaryote/Monera
Monera
(Bacteria)
- heterotroph
Blue green algae (cyanobacteria)
-autotroph
Protista
1. Unicellular/
multicellular
2. Autotrophic
(plant-like)
- Euglena
-seaweeds
Heterotrophic
(animallike/protozoans)
-Amoeba
- Paramecium,
Fungi
1. Absorptive
Chemoheterotrophs
2. Unicellular(yeast)
multicellular
(mushroom,
mildews)
3. Heterotroph
4. Decomposers
Kingdom
Animalia
1. Multicellular
2. Heterotrophs
The 5 Classes of Vertebrates
Fish
• They breathe with gills.
• They are cold blooded.
• Their skin is covered with scales and bony
plates.
• They lay eggs and have live births.
• Examples of fish are gold fish, sharks and
lamprey.
Fish
• An unusual example would be a sea horse
and an eel.
• A non-example would be a dolphin, whale
and starfish.
Amphibians
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They breathe with lungs and gills.
They are cold blooded.
Their skin is smooth and moist.
Their birth of young are eggs.
The examples are frogs, toads, salamanders,
newt, and mud puppies.
Amphibians
• African clawed frog is a unusual example.
• The lizard is a non-example.
Reptiles
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They breathe with lungs.
They are cold-blooded.
Their bodies are covered with dry scales.
They lay eggs.
Black snakes, Bearded dragons, Turtles,
Crocodiles, and Alligators are reptiles.
Reptiles
• Geckos and Skinks are unusual reptiles.
• Frogs and Toads are non examples.
Birds
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Birds breathe with lungs.
They are warm-blooded.
They are covered with feathers.
They give birth to eggs.
Examples of birds would be a red bird,
hawk, and chicken.
• Some unusual birds are the ostrich,
flamingo, and penguin.
Birds
• Some non-examples are the bat and the
dragonfly.
Mammals
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Mammals breathe with lungs.
They are warm blooded.
They have hair/fur.
Most give birth to live young.
Some examples are platypus,
kangaroo,koala, bears, lions, tigers, and
people.
• Some unusual examples bats, whales, and
dolphins
Mammals
• Non-examples are sharks and penguins.
Invertebrates
8 Phyla of Invertebrates
1.Phylum Porifera (sponges)
• asymmetrical
• Body has canal and pores
• sessile (attached to object, cannot
move)
2. Phylum Coelenterata/Cnidaria
(coelenterates/stinging celled)
• Stinging cells and hollow bodies
• tentacles that surround a mouth
Examples:
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Jellyfish
sea anemone
coral
hydras
3. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworm)
• flattened body
• One body opening
• Many are parasites, some are FreeLiving
• Can regenerate
Examples:
• Planaria, Tapeworm
4. Phylum Nemathelminthes/
Nematoda
(Nematodes/roundworms)
• Round bodies with pointed ends
• Males & females are separate
Examples:
• Hookworm
• Ascaris
5. Phylum Annelida (segmented
worm/annelids)
• Body divided into segments (with
setae)
• Most are hermaphrodites & free
living
• Examples
Earthworms
Ragworms
Leeches
6. Phylum Mollusca (softbodied/mollusks)
• Soft body usually protected by a shell
• Body covered by mantle
• Have muscular foot
• Most have separate sexes
• Examples:snails, slugs, clams,
cuttlefish, chitons, tusk shells,
oysters, octopus and squids
7. Phylum Echinodermata
(spinyskinned/echinoderms)
• 5 part body
• spines
• Tube Feet (with
Suctions)
• Examples:starfish/sea
star, sea urchin, sand
dollar,cucumber
8. Phylum Arthropoda (jointlegged/arthropods)
• Jointed appendages
• Segmented bodies
• Exoskeleton that sheds by molting
• Head, thorax, abdomen are main parts
• Some separate sexes, hermaphrodites,
parthenogenesis
• Examples:spider,
• scorpion, caterpillar,
• shrimp, lobster, crabs, bees, fly
Kingdom
Plantae
1. Multicellular
2. Photoautotrophs
Classifying Plants
Plants
• Plants do not have fur, scales, or
blood, so how are they classified?
Like animals, plants are divided into
two main groups. Then these two
groups are divided into smaller
groups.
The ways that plants get their food
and the ways that they create new
plants will help you classify them.
Who studies plants?
A botanist is a scientist who specializes
in the study of plants. They classify
plants based on their characteristics
(vascular and nonvascular).
You could call them “Plant
Explorers.”
How are they classified?
• One way that plants can be classified is
by how they carry water. Plants can
either be Vascular or Nonvascular.
• Vascular means “having tubes”
*xylem (pathway of water)
*phloem (pathway of food)
• Nonvascular mean “not having tubes”
Vascular Plant
Plants that have tubes, roots, stems, and leaves.
These plants stand up tall.
Why are these trees
vascular?
They have tubes, roots, stems, and leaves.
They also stand up tall.
1. Seed-bearing(Spermatophytes)
2. Seedless(Pteridophytes)
More Vascular Plants
1. Seed-bearing(Spermatophytes)
a. Monocot
1.Seed-bearing(Spermatophytes)
b. Dicot
Nonvascular
Plant
Plants that do not have tubes, roots, stems,
or leaves. These plants soak up water and
food from the soil, like sponges. They are
also much smaller than vascular plants.
moss
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?
Vascular or Non-Vascular?