Download Labs 7, 8, 9 Skeletal tissue

Wayne
Labs 6, 7, 8
Purpose:
Skeletal Tissue
This lab exercise is designed to familiarize the student with the composition of
compact bone, the bones of the skeleton, key structures (markings) of the bones
and the knee joint.
Performance Objectives:
A.
Study a long and a flat bone and locate the following on each:
1) compact bone _____________________________
2) cancellous (spongy) bone __________________________
3) nutrient foramen _____________________________
B.
Identify the following parts of a long bone:
1) diaphysis _____________________________
2) epiphyses (proximal and distal) ______________________
3) epiphyseal line _____________________________
4) medullary cavity _____________________________
5) articular surface _____________________________
6) periosteum _____________________________
C.
Identify the diploe (internal spongy bone) on a flat bone.
Study slides (CS and LS) of compact bone tissue and identify the following
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
C.
D.
osteons _____________________________
central/Haversian canals __________________________
Volkman's (perforating ) canals _____________________________
lamellae _____________________________
lacunae _____________________________
canaliculi _____________________________
osteocytes _____________________________
On an articulated skeleton, find samples of each bone type (p. 127):
1.
long
2. short
3. flat
4. irregular
5. sutural (p179)
6. sesamoid
Be able to identify and describe the location of the following bones and markings on
articulated skeletons and disarticulated bones (also know how many of each bone are in
the body) (p. 149-172):
1.
frontal (p 185)
a.
sinus
b.
supraorbital margin
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
2.
parietal
3.
temporal (p188)
a.
zygomatic process
b.
mandibular fossa
c.
styloid process
d.
mastoid process
e.
carotid canal
f.
foramen lacerum
g.
jugular foramen
h.
external auditory or acoustic meatus (p180)
4.
occipital (p189)
a.
b.
5.
foramen magnum
occipital condyles
sphenoid (p 190-191)
a.
sella turcica
b.
greater wing
c.
lesser wing
d.
sinus
e.
optic foramen (canal)
f.
orbital fissures
6.
ethmoid (p 193
a.
horizontal plate (know cribiform plate portion)
b.
perpendicular plate
c.
inferior and middle nasal conchae
d.
crista galli
e.
olfactory foramina
f.
sinus
7.
sutural (Wormian ) bones (p 179)
8.
sutures (p. 179-180)
a.
sagittal
b.
lambdoid
c.
coronal
d.
squamous
9.
nasal
10.
maxilla (p. 197)
a.
alveolar margin
b.
alveoli (tooth sockets)
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
c.
d.
e.
f.
palatine processes
incisive foramen (fossa)
inferior orbital fissure (above maxilla )
sinus
11.
zygomatic (p 188) (bone + process of temporal bone = zygomatic arch)
a.
temporal process (part that articulates with zygomatic process)
12.
mandible (p. 198)
a.
body
b.
ramus
c.
condylar process (know mandibular condyle sup. portion)
d.
mandibular foramen
e.
coronoid process
f.
alveolar margin
g.
alveoli
h.
mental foramen
i.
mandibular notch
13.
lacrimal
a.
lacrimal fossa
14.
palatine
a.
horizontal plate (hard palate part)
15.
inferior nasal concha
16.
vomer (p. 178 & 182)
17.
hyoid
18.
vertebrae (p. 205-211)
a.
body
b.
vertebral arch
c.
vertebral foramen
d.
transverse process
e.
spinous process
f.
superior articular process
g.
inferior articular process
h.
cervical vertebrae - transverse foramen
1. atlas
2. axis - dens
i.
thoracic vertebrae
1. rib (costal) facets
j.
lumbar vertebrae
k.
sacrum
1. sacral hiatus
2. superior articular process
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
3.
4.
l.
m.
n.
19.
20.
ala
sacral canal
coccyx
intervertebral foramina (p. 164)
intervertebral discs
sternum (p. 213)
a.
manubrium
b.
body
c.
xiphoid process
d.
jugular notch (sternal)
e.
clavicular notches
f.
sternal angle
ribs (p. 213) On the skeleton be able to identify the true, false and types of false ribs.
a.
costal cartilages
b.
head
c.
neck
d.
body (shaft)
e.
tubercle
f.
costal groove
g.
true ribs (vertebrosternal)
h.
false ribs (vertebrochondral and floating)
Lab 7, 8 9 Bones (cont.) and Joints
C. Be able to identify and describe the location of the following bones and markings on
articulated skeletons and disarticulated bones. Be able to tell the left from the right bone where
indicated by an asterisk (*) and know how many of each bone are found in the body.
1.
clavicle (p. 224)
a.
sternal extremity
b.
acromial extremity
2.
scapula* (p. 225)
a.
spine
b.
acromion
c.
glenoid cavity
d.
medial border
e.
lateral border
f.
coracoid process
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
g.
h.
i.
3.
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
subscapular fossa
humerus* (p. 227)
a.
head
b.
anatomical neck
c.
surgical neck
e.
lesser tubercle
f.
greater tubercle
g.
deltoid tuberosity
h.
capitulum
i.
radial fossa
j.
trochlea
k.
coronoid fossa
l.
olecranon fossa
m.
medial epicondyle
n.
lateral epicondyle
o.
supracondylar ridges
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
4.
5.
ulna* (p. 228-229)
a.
olecranon process
b.
coronoid process
c.
trochlear notch
d.
radial notch
e.
head
f.
styloid process
radius (p. 228-229)
a.
head
b.
radial tuberosity
c.
styloid process
d.
ulnar notch
6.
carpals (know the names of the 8 carpal bones) (p 231)
7.
metacarpals
8.
phalanges
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
9.
coxal (hip) bone* (p. 234-235)
a.
brim of pelvis
b.
pelvic inlet – space enclosed by pelvic brim
c.
pelvic outlet
d.
ilium
Which of the pelves above is female? Explain below:
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
10.
Hip Bone (Specific features)
iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
greater sciatic notch
iliac fossa
auricular surface (articulates with sacrum)
e.
ischium
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch
ischial tuberosity
ramus of ischium
f.
obturator foramen
g.
pubis
superior ramus of pubis
inferior ramus of pubis
pubic symphysis
h.
acetabulum
femur* (p. 238-239)
a.
head
b.
neck
c.
greater trochanter
d.
lesser trochanter
e.
medial condyle
f.
lateral condyle
g.
medial epicondyle
h.
lateral epicondyle
i.
linea aspera
j.
intertrochanteric crest
k.
intertrochanteric line
l.
supracondylar ridges
11.
patella
a.
base (superior portion)
b.
apex
c.
articular facets
12.
tibia* (p. 242-243)
a.
medial condyle
b.
lateral condyle
c.
tibial tuberosity
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
d.
e.
f.
13.
14.
medial malleolus
anterior crest
intercondylar eminence
fibula
a.
head
b.
lateral malleolus
tarsals (244)
a.
talus
b.
calcaneus
c.
navicular
d.
cuboid
e.
1st, 2nd, 3rd cuneiform
15.
metatarsals
16.
phalanges
D.
1.
Identify the following structures on an articulated skeleton:
spinal curves (p. 205)
a.
cervical
b.
thoracic
c.
lumbar
d.
sacral
2.
foot arches (p. 245)
a.
medial longitudinal
b.
lateral longitudinal
c.
transverse
Joints (Articulations)
A. Find the major structural types of joints and be able to give an example of each on the
skeleton:
1.
suture
2. syndesmosis
3. gomphosis
4. synchondrosis
5. symphysis
6. synovial
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Identify the parts of a knee joint on models and diagrams: (p. 280-281)
articular capsule (diagram only)
synovial membrane (diagram only)
bursae: suprapatellar, prepatellar, infrapatellar
medial and lateral menisci
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
patellar ligament
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.
Wayne
8.
9.
articular cartilages
tendon of quadriceps femoris
Many of the bones you are using are real. Respect them and handle with care. Use a probe or the eraser end of a pencil to point
out specific features of the bones.