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5.4 Test The Body read 480- 536 1. Skeletal System a. Frame of bones that supports the body b. Gives our body its shape c. Protects organs inside the body d. Helps the body move 2. Bones a. Over 200 in your body b. They work together c. Support the body d. Protect e. Muscles Move the body f. Made up of tissues i. Group of cells working together ii. Smallest parts of the body g. Keep muscles and bones healthy i. Eat healthy ii. Exercise regularly iii. Rest and sleep h. Marrow i. A soft tissue inside the bone ii. Produces new blood cells iii. Vessels carry food and oxygen to bone cells i. Cartilage i. Strong elastic tissue in skeletal system ii. Found where bones come together 1. Tip of nose 2. Outer ear Sliding joint between cartilage and bones On xray cartilage is where it is blank between parts Ends of bones covered & protected with pads of tissue Bones need calcium (from milk) to stay strong Bones won’t harden & form bone tissue 3. 4. 5. 6. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Skeleton a. Backbone i. Long row of connected bones middle of back ii. Curved like letter S 1. Scoliosis- side to side curve of backbone iii. Bones are a sliding joint b. Vertebrae i. Bones of the back bone ii. 30 Skull a. Attached to top of backbone b. Forms the face c. Protects the brain i. Fixed joint d. Pivot joint between neck and backbone Ribs a. Forms a cage around the chest b. Protects heart c. Protects lungs i. Which helps us to breathe Pelvis or hip a. Group of large, wide bones end of backbone b. Keeps all your organs from slipping downward c. Ball n socket joint 7. Leg Bones a. Femur b. Attached to Patella ( knee cap) i. Hinge joint in knee c. Tibia in back of leg d. Fibula in front of leg e. Taursals top of foot bones f. Metatauruls your toes 8. Joints a. Where two or more bones come together b. Sliding joint i. Allows bones to bend and twist 1. Bones of the backbone c. Ball n Socket joint i. Allows you to move any many directions 1. Hip, shoulder d. Pivot Joint i. Allows movement from side to side 1. Skull hooked to backbone e. Hinge joint i. Allows bones to move back and forth 1. Elbow, knee f. Fixed joint i. No movement at all 1. Bones of skull don’t move 2. Protects the brain 3. Otherwise concussions happen 9. Ligaments a. Strong bands of tissue b. Lets the bones to move but not to far i. Knees and elbows have them 10. Muscular system a. Muscles that move the parts of the body b. that make up the organ system i. over 600 muscles in the body ii. make heart pump iii. stomach digest food iv. muscles move fingers c. Muscles i. Bundles of long, threadlike fibers ii. Each fiber is a muscle cell iii. Voluntary Muscles 1. Muscles u control 2. Walking, running, picking up 3. Close eyes, speak, wide eyes iv. Involuntary Muscles 1. Ones u can’t control a. Heart beating, breathing b. Taping of knee u jerk, cramps c. Sneeze, hiccup, blink,cough d. Blood circulation, swallowing e. Smooth muscle d. Tendon i. Strong band of tissue 11. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. ii. Connects muscle to bone 1. Behind your ankle 2. Muscle in your arms iii. Contracting muscle 1. Muscle bulges iv. Relaxing muscle 1. Doesn’t pull on bone 2. Gets longer and thinner Healthy Bones and Muscles Eat dairy products i. Milk, cheese ii. A child should have 2-3 servings per day to b healthy Fruits i. Apples, oranges, tomatoes Vegetables i. Carrots, Proteins i. Milk, meat, fish, eggs ii. Build muscle tissue Breads and cereals Provide energy muscles need to move bones Calcium i. Help muscles contract ii. Make bones hard and strong Exercise Rest and sleep i. Waste makes muscles tired ii. Resting carries waste away through the blood j. 12. a. b. c. d. e. f. iii. Also allows body to repair bone & muscle tissue Fracture i. Crack or break in bone ii. Open fracture 1. Broken bone sticks out of skin iii. Closed Fracture 1. Broken bone doesn’t stick out of skin iv. Bones can repair themselves 1. If set by a doc in a cast v. Sprain 1. An injury when a ligament is stretched or torn vi. Strain 1. Muscle or tendon is over used, stretched too far Nervous System Control system theat controls your actions Made up of: brain, spinal cord, nerves, Carries messages to and from all parts of the body Nerve cell i. A cell that Receives and send messages ii. Aligned end to end Nerve i. Found in bundles Brain i. Main organ of nervous system ii. Control center iii. Cerebrum 1. Largest part of brain 2. Folded look lets more nerve cells inside skull 3. Right half a. Controls left side of body b. Controls recognizing faces 4. Left half a. Controls right side of body b. Controls your ability to speak 5. Controls your thinking 6. Controls movements of many muscles 7. Control your senses a. Hear, smell, feel, see iv. Cerebellum 1. Lies under cerebrum 2. Much smaller region 3. Helps muscles work together 4. Body keep its balance 5. Helps you pick things up a. Works with muscles in eyes, arm, fingers b. Such as hitting a baseball v. Brainstem 1. Smallest part of brain 2. Controls involuntary actions 3. Controls many actions that keeps you alive a. Breathing, sneezing, digestion, swallowing b. Heart beating, blood running through veins 4. Spinal Cord a. Thick cord of nerves in middle of the back b. Carries messages to and from the brain c. Soft tissue protected by backbone 13. a. b. c. d. e. d. All nerves connected to spinal cord vi. Sensory Nerve Cells 1. Carry messages to the spinal cord and brain 2. Pick up messages from inside/outside your body 3. Found in eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin vii. Motor Nerve Cells 1. Carry messages away from brain & spinal cord 2. Messages that make your muscles work viii. Connecting Nerve cells 1. Connect sensory nerve cells w/ motor nerve cells 2. Allows messages to take short cuts to protect u 3. Reflexes a. Quick automatic action b. Touch a hot stove so u c. Someone taps your knee d. Hit your funny bone e. Happens in less than 1/100th second Endocrine System Control system made up of glands releases chemicals to control body functions Glands i. Organs or tissues make & release chemicals Hormones i. The chemicals made ii. Help control activities of certain body parts iii. Carried through the blood to these body parts Hypothalamus i. Releases many hormones f. g. h. i. j. ii. Bridges nervous system & endocrine system 1. Regulating body temperature 2. Appetite 3. Digestion 4. Circulation 5. Sleep 6. Emotions and behaviors Pituitary Gland i. Makes hormones that control other glands ii. Pea size at base of brain (controls our thinking) iii. Such as growth and body functions iv. Metabolism 1. Take food u eat and convert it to energy 2. High metabolism burn food quickly 3. Low metabolism burn food slowly v. maturation Thyroid Gland i. Found below and in front of adam’s apple or voice box ii. Found in throat is butterfly shaped 1. Regulate heart rate, body temperature 2. Regulates metabolism 3. Growth of other organs in the body Parathyroid Gland i. Located behind thyroid gland ii. Controls amount of calcium in blood and within bones Pancreas Located toward back of abdomen behind (stomach) i. Produces insulin glucagon k. l. 14. a. 15. a. 16. a. b. c. d. e. f. 1. Regulate amount of sugar in blood 2. Secretes digestive enzymes Adrenal Gland i. Located on top of kidneys (triangular shaped) ii. Regulates body’s metabolism, iii. Balance of salt and water iv. Immune system 1. Body able to fight off diseases v. Cope with physical and emotional stress 1. Increases heart rate and blood pressure Reproductive Gland i. Release testosterone in males 1. Sexual development, facial hair, able to fertilize eggs, lower voice, bigger muscles ii. Ovaries in women produce estrogen 1. Female characteristics to be able to produce babies and provide milk for the babies Excretory System Gets rid of cell waste in the body Respiratory System Brings air into the body to breathe Drugs Chemical taken into the body Medicines help cure diseases, fight infections Get rid of pain Always read the labels before taking any medicine Follow doctor’s orders for taking the drug Never take anyone else’s drugs 17. a. b. c. d. e. Drug Abuse Misuse of drugs is very harmful i. Speed up or slow down messages through nervous system ii. Harm ability to receive and send messages Stimulants i. Speed up actions of nervous system ii. Causes heart to beat faster iii. Breathing gets faster (lungs) 1. Caffeine found in coffee, tea, chocolate, pop 2. Nicotine found in tobacco 3. Cocaine a. Blocks brain control of heart & breathing Depressants i. Slow down nervous system ii. Slows down heart beating and breathing iii. Feels confused and sleepy 1. Alcohol most abused iv. Slows down reaction time Narcotics i. Slow down actions of nervous system ii. Painkillers and often abused iii. AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome 1. Gotten by sharing used drug needles Hallucinogens i. Causes people to see, hear, feel things not really there ii. Slows down person’s reaction time iii. Causes brain damage iv. Transferred to child during pregnancy v. Causing defects in child when born vi. Marijuana vii. PCP, angel dust, LSD, acid 18. So as a 5th grader you need to exercise every day, eat healthy, get your sleep otherwise: i. Your skeletal muscles, bones, joints, heart, and respiratory system will be weakened