Download Diseases of the endocrine system

1
Your muscles are 75% water.
2 You have 40 muscles in your Face to make expressions and it takes fewer muscles in your
face to smile than frown.
3 There are more than 600 muscles in the body.
4 Flexion and extension
5 Contraction – muscle fibers getting shorter
6 Tendons – Connect Muscles to bones
Most common is the Achilles tendon
Tendinitis – swelling of the tendons
7 Ligaments Connect bone to bone examples are (ACL
MCL)
8 There are 3 different types of muscles.
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
9 Cardiac muscles are involuntary and the best example is your heart. Involuntary means
your brain does not control them.
10 Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and they move your skeleton. They are also
voluntary muscles…meaning you/your brain moves them.
11 Smooth muscles are involuntary and they are your lungs, digestive system, and stomach.
12 Here are the 4 Functions of the muscular system:
1. BODY MOVMENT
2. PUMPS BLOOD THROUGH YOUR BODY
3. MOVES FOOD THROUGH YOUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
4. CONTROLS THE MOVEMENT OF THE AIR IN…AND OUT OF YOUR
SYSTEM.
RESPIRATORY
1. Cells are the basic units of Life.
2. DNA contains how many chromosomes.
3. Mussen is the GPS/river that directs the sperm to the egg into the fallopian tube.
4. 1.5 million babies have been aborted each year since 1972.
ROE VS WADE
5. What is an abortion? It is process by which Doctors end the life of an unborn
baby inside the mother’s womb.
6. What is partial birth abortion? It is the process by which Doctors end the life of
an unborn baby which is about to be born inside the mothers womb or it could be
on the verge of coming out of the mother.
7. Babies have his or her 1st heart beat at 20 days.
8. Nurse Cells protect the male sperm from self elimination inside the male body.
9. A lot of sperm enter the woman from the man…However only 50 actually make it to
the egg.
10. Out of the 50 sperm that make it to the egg only 1 sperm enters the egg.
11. The Female reproductive cycle is 28 days
12. Hormones control women and men’s reproductive system.
13. Sperm life span can be up to 5 days.
14. The EGG is only the size of a grain of sand.
15. Without DNA life is NOT possible.
16. 14 weeks the baby will sucks its thumb.
17. 15 weeks the baby has all its senses.
18. Fetus is Latin for Young One or Offspring
19. Fraternal twins have multiple eggs and multiple sperm and don’t look alike. While
identical twins have 1 egg and 1 sperm and then they copy/split. These twins look
identical.
1
The functions of the skeletal system
1 Shape
2 Support
3 Protection
4 manufactures blood cells
5 storage center for minerals
2 Bones are 4 times stronger than reinforced concrete.
3 The stirrup bone, which is in your middle ear, is the smallest bone in your body.
4 Your Skull/cranium is an example of a flat bone.
5 The 1st joint of vert. & radius are examples of a pivot joint.
6 The elbow-knee-fingers and toes are examples of a hinge joint.
7 Your shoulder and hips are ball and socket joints.
8 There are 206 bones in an adult body and 350 bones in a new born?
9 Cartilage is found between your joints and cushions/protects the joints.
10 Your vertebra and wrist are examples of a gliding joint.
11 Your patella, wrist bones (Meta carpals, Meta tarsals) are examples of a short bones.
12 Bone Marrow produces Red Blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Red blood cells
Carries oxygen in the blood
Platelets
Clot the blood so you don’t bleed to death
White blood cells
Are the defenders of the universe…fight disease,
bacteria, colds
13 The Femur is the strongest and longest bone in the body?
14 Your Brain weight is 3 1/8 lb.
15 Your Femur is a long bone. Your ribs are flat bones, your spine/vert are irregular bones.
16 Ossification- Cartilage turns into BONES.
17 A person who has a Curved spine to left or right has scoliosis.
4 Types of Bones
1 Strong bones: example: Femur inner parts contain red bone marrow which produces all the red
blood cells and most of the white blood cells and platelets in the body.
2. Short bones: example: wrist and ankles. More than half are in the hands and feet.
3. Flat bones: Example: ribs, skull main goal is to protect the VITAL ORGANS
4 Irregular bones: Example: Vertebrae
VERTEBRAE DIAGRAM (4 parts)
1
Our skin is the biggest organ in the body and it weights 10lbs.
2 The function of skin are
1 protection
2 regulates body temp
3 enable your sense
3 If you had skin cancer, this would be called melanoma.
4 Benign (Not Cancerous Tumor)
5 Malignant (Cancerous Tumor)
6 What do you do for moles? You get them checked it they change shape, appear, change
color or start to bleed.
7 Protect yourself how from the sun? with spf 15 or greater
8 Athlete’s foot and warts are CONTAGIOUS. They are viruses. You do not get them
from a “foggy”
9 Melanin is the pigment that makes us different shades of
Brown
- gives you your hair color - eye color
10. zits oils & dirt mixture pluged in the glands of the skin
Skin Break Layers
1. CNS stands for? Central Nervous System
Sight, hearing, taste, smell, and feeling (sensation).
Voluntary and involuntary functions, such as movement, balance, and coordination. The nervous system
also regulates the actions of most other body systems, such as blood flow and blood pressure.
The ability to think and reason. The nervous system allows you to be conscious and have thoughts,
memories, and language.
2. The CNS is composed of 4 things
Brain
spinal cord
nerves
end organs
3. END ORGANS controls the voluntary and involuntary
acts of the body.
4. The brain is contained in the Cranium
5. The brain weight is 3 1/8
6. There are 10 billion nerve cells are in the brain.
7. The brain has many areas in it that controls different
functions in the body.
8. Autonomic nervous system controls the glands,
smooth muscles, tissue organs, and the heart?
9. The spinal cord is 44 cm.
10. The Spinal cord is where your nerves in your arm, legs and truck originate from.
11. The spinal cord housed in the vertebrae.
12. Cerebrospinal fluid cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord from impact.
13. Cartilage cushions and protect the vertebrae.
14. Paralyze (Can’t Move – Control – Feel)
Quadriplegic – Severed Spinal Cord at the neck.
Paraplegic – Severed Spinal Cord at lower back.
15. Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills,
and eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. In most people with Alzheimer’s, symptoms first
appear after age 60. Estimates vary, but experts suggest that as many as 5.1 million Americans may have
Alzheimer’s disease.
What is the job of the Circulatory System?
The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting
materials throughout the entire body. It transports nutrients,
water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries
away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells
produce. It is an amazing highway that travels through your
entire body connecting all your body cells.
Parts of the Circulatory System
The circulatory System is divided into three major parts:
1. The Heart
2. The Blood
3. The Blood Vessels
#1 The Heart
The Heart is an amazing organ. The heart beats about 3
BILLION times during an average lifetime. It is a muscle
about the size of your fist. The heart is located in the center
of your chest slightly to the left. It's job is to pump your blood
and keep the blood moving throughout your body.
It is your job to keep your heart healthy and there are three
main things you need to remember in order to keep your
heart healthy.
1. Exercise on a regular basis. Get outside and play.
Keep that body moving (walk, jog, run, bike, skate,
jump, swim).
2. Eat Healthy. Remember the Food Pyramid and make
sure your eating your food from the bottom to top.
3. Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't
Smoke! Don't Smoke!
#2 The Blood
The blood is an amazing substance that is constantly flowing through our bodies.
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Your blood is pumped by your heart.
Your blood travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels right within your own body.
Your blood carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells.
A young person has about a gallon of blood. An adult has about 5 quarts.
Your blood is not just a red liquid but rather is made up of liquids, solids and small amounts of
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Red Blood Cells
pick up oxygen in the lungs and transport it to all the body cells. After delivering the oxygen to
the cells it gathers up the carbon dioxide (a waste gas produced as our cells are working) and
transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs where it is removed from the body when we
exhale(breath out). There are about 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.
White Blood Cells (Germinators)
White Blood Cells help the body fight off germs. White Blood Cells attack and destroy germs
when they enter the body. When you have an infection your body will produce more White
Blood Cells to help fight an infection. Sometimes our White Blood Cells need a little help and
the Doctor will prescribe an antibiotic to help our White Blood Cells fight a large scale infection.
Platelets
Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding. When we cut ourselves we have broken a
blood vessel and the blood leaks out. In order to plug up the holes where the blood is leaking
from the platelets start to stick to the opening of the damaged blood vessels. As the platelets
stick to the opening of the damaged vessel they attract more platelets, fibers and other blood
cells to help form a plug to seal the broken blood vessel. When the platelet plug is completely
formed the wound stops bleeding. We call our platelet plugs scabs.
Plasma
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood. Approximately half of your blood is made of plasma. The
plasma carries the blood cells and other components throughout the body. Plasma is made in
the liver.
Where are the blood cells made?
The Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Platelets are made by the bone marrow. Bone marrow is
a soft tissue inside of our bones that produces blood cells.
The 3 Blood Vessels:
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood AWAY from the heart. Remember, A A
Arteries Away, A A Arteries Away, A A Arteries Away.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels as thin or thinner than the hairs on your head. Capillaries connect
arteries to veins. Food substances (nutrients), oxygen and wastes pass in and out of your blood
through the capillary walls.
Veins carry blood back toward your heart.
COOL FACTS
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The heart beats around 3 billion times in the averages person's life.
About 8 million blood cells die in the human body every second, and the same number are born each second.
Within a tiny droplet of blood, there are some 5 million red blood cells.
It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.
Red blood cells make approximately 250,000 round trips of the body before returning to the bone marrow, where
they were born, to die.
Red blood cells may live for about 4 months circulating throughout the body, feeding the 60 trillion other body
cells.
NEED 2 KNOW
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Your circulatory system is made up of your blood, blood vessels, and heart.
Your respiratory system includes your AIR WAYS and LUNGS (Inside your lungs you will find: air sacs,
capillaries) this is where oxygen and co2 are exchanged
HEART FACTS
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Has 4 parts to it.
Your body has 5 liters of blood The left side is full of oxygen rich blood. The right side if full of CO2.
Arteries take blood away for the heart
Veins take blood to the heart.
Capillaries are the end and/or beginning of the chain in the blood flow
Ones Blood Pressure, Skeletal Muscle Contractions and Values in the Veins bring the blood back to the heart full
of CO2.
The reason you breathe out CO2 is due to the fact CO2 left in your body will kill you because it is a poison.
Exercise and diet strengthens your heart and cardio vascular system
FOUND IN BLOOD
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Hemoglobin = bonds oxygen/CO2 to red blood cell
Plasma (55% of make in blood…water/nutrients)
Red Blood Cells carry oxygen and CO2
White Blood Cells fight off infections
Platelets clot blood
Made in Long Bones (example: femur)
The endocrine system is the collection of glands, each of which secretes different types of hormones that
regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood,
among other things.
The word endocrine derives from the Greek
words "endo," meaning within, and "crinis,"
meaning secrete.
A group of glands that signal each other in
sequence are usually referred to as an axis.
One example is the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis, which coordinates interactions
among the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland
and the adrenal, also called "suprarenal"
glands, which are small, conical organs on top
of the kidneys.
The endocrine system sends signals
throughout the body, much like the nervous
system, but unlike the immediate responses
triggered by the nervous system, the effects
can take a few hours or weeks.
Hormones released from endocrine tissue into
the bloodstream where they travel to target
tissue to elicit a response.
Diseases of the endocrine system
Hormone levels that are too high or too low
are an indication of a problem with the
endocrine system. Hormone diseases also
occur if your body does not respond to
hormones in the appropriate ways. Stress,
infection and changes the blood's fluid and
electrolyte balance can also influence
hormone levels.
The most common endocrine disease in the United States is diabetes, a condition in which the body does not
properly process glucose. This is due to the lack of insulin or, if the body is producing insulin, it is not working
effectively.
Hormone imbalances can have a significant impact on the reproductive systems, particularly in women.
Endocrinologists treat patients with fertility issues and also assess and treat patients with health concerns
surrounding menstruation and menopause.
The foundations of the endocrine system are the hormones and glands. As the
body's chemical messengers, hormones transfer information and instructions from
one set of cells to another.
Many different hormones move through the bloodstream, but each type of hormone
is designed to affect only certain cells.
A gland is a group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, chemicals.
A gland selects and removes materials from the blood, processes them, and secretes
the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body.