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Geography The Six Essential Elements The world in Spatial Terms Places and Regions Physical Systems Human Systems Environment and Society The Uses of Geography The World in Spatial Terms Location Where is it? Places and Regions Place Describes physical features like Landforms Climate Plant or Animal life Or Human characteristics Language Way of life Regions Are places that are united by one or more common characteristics. Physical Systems Study of how the Earth is shaped Hurricanes Volcanoes Glaciers The Life Cycle of plants and animals How they survive and depend on one another. Human Systems How boundary lines are set up How people settle in certain places A key is to remember people, ideas, and goods continuously move. Environment and Society How does our environment influence the way we live? Shows how we as humans use the environment Shows how our actions affect our environment i.e. – global warming The Uses of Geography Geographers look to understand the relationships among people, places and environments over time. Know the tools that are available to you Maps, globes, satellites, compass, aerial photos and much more. Maps and Globes How are they used? Globes Globes are divided into features Hemispheres Latitude Longitude A globe gives a true picture of the Earth as a scale model (dilation in math) Hemispheres The Earth is divided into 4 hemispheres The Equator divides the Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere The Prime Meridian divides the Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Latitude Latitude lines are imaginary lines that break the Earth into distance measures from the Equator. i.e. – parallel to the Equator, lines running East and West. 90 degrees Longitude Longitude Lines are imaginary lines that break the Earth into distance measurements from the Prime Meridian. i.e. – lines parallel to the Prime Meridian running North and South 180 degrees Using Latitude and Longitude lines When given a latitude and longitude degree you are able to find or pinpoint an absolute location on Earth. See worksheet Maps How maps are different How to read a key Types of Maps General Purpose Physical Political Special Purpose Maps can show Earth or parts in great detail. How are Maps different? Maps are flat (1-dimensional) and have limitations. Mapmakers are known as Cartographers. They use mathematical formulas to create their maps The size, distance, shape or area can change from the curved lines on the globe to the flat lines on a map. Cont… Great Circle Routes are imaginary lines that follow the curve of the Earth. Airplane pilots use these routes because they are the shortest distance. Using Technology Cartographers use a system called geographic information system (GIS) People like you and me use a Global Positioning System (GPS) How to read a key A map key explains the features that are within a map. Ex: rivers, mountains, climate, cities, capitals, etc. Also located on a map is the Scale and Compass Rose. Scale – helps you locate the distance between two points Compass Rose – helps you find your direction – North, South, East, West and in between. Types of Maps – General Purpose Physical Political Cont… Physical Features they display Landforms - Green mountains Water – Blue River, lakes, bays Elevation can also be displayed showing multiple colors for the height of a mountain. Political Features they display Names and boundaries of countries Cities Human-made features Major physical features – rivers, bodies of water or mountains Special Purpose Maps They show a theme or pattern on a map Climate Natural resources Population density Battles Territorial changes The title tells what the map is describing. The key describes how to read the map.