Download Seed Plants - Madison Station Elementary

MAV Mark
• What are the two types of vascular tissue in
plants?
• What do they transport?
Mav Mark
1. What are three functions of stems?
2. What are three functions of roots?
Mav Mark
1. What are three functions of
stems?
2. What are three functions of
roots?
Mav Mark
Why do trees lose leaves in the fall?
MAV Mark
• What are three responses that plants have?
• Give an example of each
Seed Plants
1. A seed plant
• Has vascular tissue
• Sexually reproduces with pollen and egg to
form a seed
2. The two types of vascular tissue are
• Phloem transports food
• Xylem transports water and minerals
3. Seed plants
• Do not need water for fertilization
• Produce sperm cells inside the pollen
• Produce seeds after the pollen fertilizes the
eggs
4. Inside the seed
• There is a partially developed plant
• There are three parts
– Embryo (develops from the zygote)
– Stored food (feeds embryo for many years)
– Seed coat (outer covering of the seed)
5. Seeds can be dispersed by
• Animals that eat fruits and deposit them
somewhere else
• Hooks or barbs that stick to animals and fall
off
• Water
• Wind
6. Germination
• Occurs when a seed starts to grow into a new
plant
• It needs
– Temperature
– Water
– Sunlight
– Soil
7. Roots anchor a plant into the
ground
• Two types of roots are
– Fibrous roots
– Taproots
• A root cap has many dividing cells and it
covers the tip of the root
8. Stems carry substances between
the roots and leaves
• Stems can be:
– Herbaceous (no wood, very soft)
– Woody
• Bark is the outer covering of a stem
• Annual rings form each year
– Can help determine a trees age
9. Leaves carry out photosynthesis
• The stomata is an opening in the leaf that
opens and closes to let gases in and out
– Carbon dioxide goes in
– Oxygen goes out
• Transpiration is how plants lose water through
the leaves
– Large leaves lose more water than needles
Plant Growth and Responses
1. A plant’s response to a stimulus is
called a tropism.
• Negative tropism is when a plant grows away
from the stimulus
• Positive tropism is when the plant grows
toward the stimulus
• Stimuli that plants respond to are:
– Touch
– Light
– Gravity
2. Vines respond to the stimulus of
touch.
• As vines grow, they coil around the object they
are touching. This is a positive tropism.
2. Leaves, stems and flowers respond
to light.
• Plants that grow toward the light show
positive tropisms
3. Plants respond to gravity
• The roots show positive tropism by growing
downward
• The stems show negative tropism by growing
upward
5. Plants produce hormones
• A hormone is a chemical that affects how the
plant grows
• Auxin is a hormone that helps a plant’s cells
grow
• Hormones affect germination, fertilization,
and fruit and flower development
6. Plants also respond to seasonal
changes
• A plant’s response to a change in the length of
day or night is called photoperiodism
• Short-day plants flower when the day is short
and the night is long (winter)
• Long-day plants flower when the day is long
and the night is short (summer)
• Day-neutral plants are not sensitive to day /
night length
7. Dormancy is a period of rest
• Dormancy helps plants to survive freezing
temperatures or lack of drinking water
8. Angiosperms are classified three
ways.
• Annuals have herbaceous stems and complete
their life cycle in one growing season
(marigolds, petunias, wheat, cucumbers)
• Biennials complete their life cycle in two
years. The first year the plant grows, the
second year the plant produces seeds
• Perennials are flowering plants that live more
than two years. Most have woody stems
(maple trees)