Download IMCC BSEC Term 2 Ecology Program

Year 10 Science
Biological Sciences Elective Course
Term 2: Ecology
Text: Cambridge GCSE Biology Coursebook and Workbook (CWB)
Week
1
25th
April
Anzac
Day
2
2nd
May
Content
Classification
 Brief understanding of history of classification.
 Understand principles of classification.
 Classification is dynamic and modified as more
information collected.
 Linnaean Classification. KPCOFGS. With increasing
specificity. Kingdoms are recognised on cellular
differences.
 Human classification.
 Binomial Nomenclature.
 SHE 1: Classification systems are based on international
conventions and are subject to change through debate
and resolution; changes are based on all currently
available evidence.
 Eucalypts but not Eucalyptus
http://anpsa.org.au/APOL2/jun96-5.html
Ecosystems
 Define an ecosystem (communities interacting with each
other and the environment), also define environment,
community, population, habitat,
 Ecosystems are diverse, composed of varied habitats,
consisting of a range of biotic and abiotic factors Species
have tolerance ranges and this influences where these
Activities/Resources
Classification of Kingdoms
http://www.goldiesroom.org/Note%20Packets/02%20Classifica
tion/00%20Classification%20Packet--WHOLE.htm
 Explore anomalies such as ‘liger’ and mules
 Cut and stick activities – Older copies of Biozone Year 11
 Study specimens - Describe the characteristics of major
phyla. Distinguish the essential features that are used to
classify them. (Web of Life Student Manual)
 Make and use multilevel dichotomous keys (these should be
complex as many students have done this in lower school)
 Measure all abiotic/physical factors in a local area using lab
equipment and data loggers
 Describe the biotic factors present with in an ecosystem
(organisms present or inferred (tracks, shells etc.)
 Comparison of two areas
 Understand the influence of abiotic factors on biotic factors
Assessment
and
Homework
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3
9th
May
13/3
IMCC
Day
organisms can live.
Biotic Factors can be inferred
Ecosystems to include are aquatic and terrestrial
Compare ecosystems
Influence of abiotic factors on Biotic
Ecosystem defining substrates
(aquatic; salinity, water movement)
(Soils: particle size, minerals)
(climate: temp range, tropical, dry hot, cold, dry)
Niches
Biodiversity
 Biodiversity definition
 Importance of biodiversity
 Biodiversity is dependent on size, biotic and abiotic factors
present
 Biodiversity: ecosystems (communities interacting with
each other and the environment) species (variety of
organisms in a given location) genes (range of alleles in a
species population gene pool)
 Measuring biodiversity (species richness, species
evenness, biodiversity index calculations)
 Biodiversity Hot-Spots (locations and reasons)
 SHE 2: international agreements about biodiversity
encourage international cooperation in the protection of
unique locations, including
 World Heritage sites e.g. Shark Bay, Great Barrier Reef
 Biodiversity hotspots, for example, south west WA
 International migration routes and areas used for
breeding, for example, by birds, whales, turtles, whale
sharks.
 Describe environment of different named organisms
 Use local resources and information, for example local
councils, Naturaliste Marine Discovery Centre, Perth Hills
Centre, Australian Wildlife Conservancy’s Karakamia facility
etc.
 Comparisons of ecosystems (Use of pictures and diagrams)
 Compare ecosystems for similarities and differences. E.g.
Barrier Reef and Maldives
 You tube videos e.g..
Why biodiversity matters
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5ssjM2Fjuc
Official video of the International Year of Biodiversity 2010
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1VYmpTikgw&fe
ature=youtu.be&noredirect=1
Ecology by Inquiry
http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/education/foreducators/curricula.cf
m
Biodiversity hotspots
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/biodiversityconservation/biodiversity-hotspots
Hotspots
http://www.conservation.org/How/Pages/Hotspots.aspx
Whale migration
http://www.iwcoffice.co.uk/_documents/sci_com/sc62docs/sc62-sh21.pdf
http://www.maps.com/map.aspx?pid=16004
Turtles
http://www.conserveturtles.org/seaturtleinformation.php?page=
behavior
Biodiversity
Investigation
7%
Ongoing
Activity
4
16th
May
5
23rd
May
Energy in Ecosystems
 Energy origin in ecosystems is the Sun
 Energy transfers and transformations in ecosystems rely
on photosynthesis and respiration.
 Present energy flow through food chains, webs and
pyramids
 Lost energy in webs and chains
 Drawing energy pyramids
 Role of Producers, consumers and decomposers
(microorganisms).
Population Dynamics
 Populations are described by size, density, composition
(age, male/female) and distribution.
 Population Calculations (Density and Changes in)
 Density Dependent and Density Independent factors
influences on populations
 Populations controlled by abiotic and biotic factors.
 Species have specific tolerance limits that enable them to
occupy a particular niche
 The level of competitiveness is related to the closeness of
requirements of organisms: the more similar, the more
intense the competition and may lead to competitive
exclusion
 Sampling Techniques (quadrats, transects, pitfall,
capture/recapture, aerial surveys, Elliot and Sheffield traps
and mist netting)
 Nearer to Nature incursion - Sampling
 Ecosystems have carrying capacities that can limit the
number of organisms that they can support.
Energy and Biomass Pyramids
http://www.cfep.uci.edu/cspi/docs/lessons_secondary/energy%
20biomass%20pyramids.pdf
Food and energy: types of pyramids
http://scienceaid.co.uk/biology/ecology/food.html
Biomass pyramids
www2.nido.cl/~doehlke/pyramids.ppt
Consider examples of species that have outcompeted others
e.g. Rainbow lorikeets have outcompeted red capped and ring
neck parrots
Reef Game
http://game.reefcheckaustralia.org/
Perform/understand a variety of techniques to count/estimate
population sizes. For example quadrats, transects, capturerecapture, Elliot and Sheffield traps, pit traps, mist netting,
seine netting, aerial surveys, video surveys to predict
abundance and long term trends in population sizes
Calculations/models of population dynamics can be made from
species breeding/mortality and migration patterns
David Attenborough’s Natures Great Events, particularly The
Great Salmon Run, The Great Feast and the Great Tide
Biozone
Catalyst – The Tipping Point
http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/s1647466.htm
ABC TV Show available in ABC shops “Cassowary” narrated
by William McInnes
A five step plan to Feed the World - Where do we find enough
food to feed 9 billion
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/feeding-9billion/
6
30th
May
Keystone Species
 Keystone Species play a critical role in maintaining the
structure of the community. Loss of keystone species has
a large impact on the ecosystem.
 They have a large impact on communities and
ecosystems.
 Keystone species can be used to monitor changes in
ecosystems.
 Individual keystone species do not always exist; many
organisms can be viewed as a keystone species.
 SHE 3: keystone species theory has informed many
conservation strategies. However, there are differing
views about the effectiveness of single-species
conservation in maintaining complex ecosystem
dynamics.
Human Activities
Human activities that can affect biodiversity and can impact
on the magnitude, duration and speed of ecosystem change
include examples :habitat destruction, fragmentation or
degradation, introduced species, unsustainable use of natural
resources, impacts of pollutants, climate changes.
7
th
6
June
WA
Day
Focus on;
1) Introduced Species
 Feral Cats.
 Western Shield Operation.
 Cane Toads.
2) Pollution – Plastic
 Plastic in our oceans.
 How Science is used to chart the garbage patches
 How plastics move through the ocean over time.
 The journey to the ocean via rubbish.
 The great Pacific garbage patch.
The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation
http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/people/doaklab/publications/1993
mills_soule_doak.pdf
The keystone species: the concept and its relevance for
conservation management in New Zealand
http://csl.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-andtechnical/SFC203.pdf
Significance of keystone species in conservation strategies
http://www.biotecharticles.com/Biology-Article/Significance-ofKeystone-Species-in-Conservation-Strategies-690.html
New Scientist April 25 2014 Aliens versus predators: The toxic
toad invasion I
Investigate small mammal extinction and decline due to cat
and foxes.
Research ‘Operation Western Shield’
Birdlife State of Australia’s Birds publications
http://birdlife.org.au/education-publications/publications/stateof-australias-birds
Australian Wildlife Conservancy – “Into Oblivion”
http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/australia/explore/au
smammals.pdf
http://www.water-pollution.org.uk/
http://www.wasteauthority.wa.gov.au
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGGabrorRS8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=os7OuSxP-JA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4UK9Yt6A-s
http://www.adrift.org.au
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vh6MDuxYing
http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/greatpacific-garbage-patch/
8
th
13
June
9
20th
June
10
27th
June
Y7-10 Examination Week
Semester
One Exam
25%
Revision and Semester One Exam
Fire in Australia
 Fire is a dynamic factor in Australian ecosystems and has
different effects on biodiversity.
 Many Australian species are adapted to fire to different
extents and frequencies with the intensity and frequency
of fires affecting species composition/biodiversity of an
area.
 Many species rely on fire for continuation of their life cycle.
 Australians have used fire in ecosystem management with
differing outcomes.
Conservation Strategies
 Conservation strategies used to maintain biodiversity are:
 Conservation may occur at the level of:
o genetic
o environmental
o management
 Modern technology may aid in conservation
 Genetic strategies, including gene/seed banks and captive
breeding programs
 Environmental strategies, including revegetation and
Australian Wildlife Conservancy
http://www.australianwildlife.org/News-andPublications/Wildlife-Matters-Newsletter.aspx
Kings Park Botanic Gardens research on smoke and plant
germination
http://www.bgpa.wa.gov.au/kings-park/events/kings-parkeducation
C.S.I.R.O. research
Dept of Parks and Wildlife prescribed burning policy
www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/management/fire/prescribedburning/burn
Hills Discovery Centre, “Fire - A force for life”
Honey Possum and Fire
Perth Zoo – Captivating Conservation
DPaW - Department of Parks and Wildlife when on field trips
e.g. Dryandra - Barna Mia Facility
Karakamia – Australian Wildlife Conservancy
Fisheries WA –Naturaliste Marine Discovery Centre Contact
Michael Burke/Carina Lancaster 08 9203 0112
"Environmental strategies, including revegetation and control
of introduced species"
biosecurity/quarantine procedures
-http://www.daff.gov.au/biosecurity/quarantine
control of introduced species
 Management strategies, including protected areas and
restricted commercial and recreational access
 SHE 4: Identification and classification of an ecological
area as a conservation reserve also requires
consideration of the commercial and recreational uses of
the area, as well as Indigenous Peoples’ usage rights
 National Parks in Australia
http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australianstory/national-parks
 National Parks Council of Australia
http://www.npac.org.au/
 SHE 5: Australia’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy
2010–2030 presents a long-term view of the future and
the actions that need to be implemented to conserve
biodiversity
http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/australiasbiodiversity-conservation-strategy-0
Explore political issues to do with siting/funding of gene and
seed banks
Investigate exploitation of genetic material from e.g. developing
equatorial countries with high biodiversity
Video - The Seed Hunter
http://www.seedhunter.com
Download from
http://www.abc.net.au/tv/documentaries/interactive/future
makers/ep3/
Kings Park Activities
Assessment Outline Term 2 – Ecology
Assessment Type
Title
Practical Activity
Biodiversity Investigation
7%
Semester One Exam
25%
Exam
Weighting
Assessment Outline – 2016 – Terms 1-4.
Term 1 – Cells and Metabolism
18 %
Term 2 - Ecology
32 %
Microscope Practical Test
8
Biodiversity Investigation
7
Cells Theory Test
5
Semester One Exam
25
Metabolic Processes Test
5
Term 3 – Disease and Immunity
17 %
Term 4 - Biotechnology
33 %
Disease and Immunity Theory Test
10
Biotechnology Investigation
8
Parasite Study
7
Semester Two Exam
25