Download Species Interactions

Species Interactions
3 OCTOBER 2016
Journal
 Why do we call keystone species “ecosystem
engineers?”
 How does your keystone species engineer its
ecosystem?
Agenda
 Journal
 Asian Carp Article
 FRQ Practice
 Ch 5 Notes
 Work time
 Exit ticket
Outcomes
 Review biodiversity with FRQ practice.
 List, explain, and give examples of the five species
interactions.
 Explain how species interactions lead to resource
partitioning.
The Next Few Days
 10/5 Wednesday: Lab Reports due & Benchmark





Study Guide handed out
10/7 Friday: Short quiz over ch 4 & Keystone species
for president posters due
10/10 Monday: Benchmark Review stations
10/12 Wednesday: Benchmark Review
10/13 Thursday: A1/A2 Benchmarks
10/17 Monday: A3/A4 Benchmarks
Asian Carp
 http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-
now/2016/09/27/invasive-asian-carp-leaps-ontorestaurant-tables/91184264/
FRQ Practice
 2016 FRQ- In class together
 2014 FRQ- On your own
Ch 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and
Population Control
 5-1: How do species interact?
 5-2: How can natural selection reduce competition
between species?
 5-3: What limits the growth of populations?
 5-4: How do communities and ecosystems respond
in changing environmental conditions?
5-1: How do species interact?
 Concept 5-1: Five types of species interactions-
competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and
commensalism- affect the resource use and
population sizes of the species in an ecosystem
Species Interactions
 Interspecific competition
 Predation
 Parasitism
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
Interspecific Competition
 Members of two or more species interact to gain
access to the same limited resources such as food,
light, or space.
 Most common interaction between species.
 Most competition involves the ability of one species
to become more efficient than another species in
acquiring food or a common resource.
Interspecific Competition
 When two species compete for food or another
resource, their niches overlap.
 Competitive exclusion principle: no two species can
occupy exactly the same niche for very long.
Predation
 A member of one species (the predator) feeds
directly on all or par of a member of another species
(the prey).
 Together, the two species form a predator-prey
relationship.
 Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are
predators.
 Decomposers and detritus feeders are not predators
because they eat dead organisms instead of living
organisms.
Predation
 Predators have a variety of methods to help capture
prey




Herbivores: walk, swim, fly up to the plants that they feed on.
Carnivores: pursuit or ambush their prey
Other predators use camouflage
Some use chemical warfare
Predation
 Prey species have also evolved many ways to avoid
being eaten.






Run, swim, fly quickly
Highly developed senses of sight/smell/hearing
Protective shells, spines, thorns
Camouflage
Chemical warfare
Warning coloration



“If it is small and strikingly beautiful, it is probably poisonous. If
it is strikingly beautiful and easy to catch, it is probably deadly.” –
E.O. Wilson
Mimicry
Behavioral strategies
Predation
 Predation plays a role in natural selection at the
population level.



Individuals of greater fitness survive and reproduce
Predator-prey species can drive each other’s evolution
Coevolution: species keep interacting over long periods of
time and influencing the other species’ evolution
Parasitism
 One organism (the parasite) feeds directly on all or
part of a member of another species (the host)
usually by living on or in the host.
 Some parasites live on their host

Sea lamprey
 Some live in their host
 Tapeworm
Sea Lamprey
Think-Pair-Share
 The host is often times not quickly killed in
parasitism. Why?
Mutualism
 An interaction that benefits both species by
providing each with food, shelter, or some other
resource.
 Honeybees, caterpillars, butterflies, and other
pollinators feed on a male flower’s nectar, and pick
up a female flower’s pollen on the way
 Two kinds of mutualistic relationships: nutrition &
protection
Mutualism
Commensalism
 An interaction that benefits one species but has little,
if any, effect on the other.
 Ex: epiphytes attach themselves to much larger trees
in the rainforest. They benefit from having a place to
grow higher in the canopy, but the trees observe little
to no effect.
5-2: How can natural selection reduce
competition between species?
 Concept 5-2: Some species develop adaptations that
allow them to reduce or avoid competition with other
species for resources.
Some species evolve to share resources
 Some species evolve to reduce niche overlap
 Resource partitioning: occurs when species
competing for similar scare resources evolve
specialized traits that allow them to use shared
resources at different times, in different ways, or in
different places.
Insect eating warblers in Maine
IP
 IP: Finish your FRQ if you didn’t in class and do the
FRQ side of the handout that you are getting now.
Exit Ticket
 Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Predation,
or Competition is like…