Download Participles - Belle Vernon Area School District

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Phrases – Part Two
Grade Seven
What is a Verbal?
• A verbal is a word that looks like a verb but does
not function as the verb in a sentence.
– Ex. The talking children were happy.
(The verb of this sentence is “were.” “Talking” is
an adjective describing the noun children.)
• There are three kinds of verbals:
– Participles
– Infinitives
– Gerunds
What is a Verbal?
• Since a verbal looks like a verb, it often
ends in a verb suffix.
• The most common verb suffixes are:
– ed
– ing
• Some other verb suffixes are:
– en
–d
What are Verb Parts?
• Every verb is made up of four parts:
1. the present part
2. the present participle part
3. the past part
4. the past participle part
What are Verb Parts?
• The present part of the verb shows that an
action is happening now or is ongoing.
Sometimes it ends in the letter “s.”
Ex. Today I sing songs.
Ex. On Sundays we go to the movies.
Ex. He talks a lot in study hall.
What are Verb Parts?
• The present participle of the verb also shows an
ongoing action. It ends in “ing.”
• Sometimes it is preceded by a linking verb. The
ones that make present participles are:
1. am
2. is
3. are
Ex. We are going to the mall.
Ex. He is talking to the coach.
What are Verb Parts?
• The past part of the verb shows an action that
has already been completed.
• Past parts of verbs typically end in the letters
“ed.”
Ex. Yesterday we walked home.
(The present part is “walk.”)
Ex. I man listened to the story.
(The present part is “listen.”)
What are Verb Parts?
Some verbs in the past part are irregular and have
different endings or change altogether.
Ex. Yesterday we built a tree house.
(The present part is “build.”)
Ex. I saw birds in the trees.
(The present part is “see.”)
Ex. I went to the store.
(The present part is “go.”)
What are Verb Parts?
• The last part of a verb is called the past
participle.
• It is preceded by one of the helping verbs that
starts with the letter “h.”
• These three helping verbs are:
– have
– has
– had
Ex. He had witnessed the event.
Ex. They have flown to Florida.
What is a Participle?
• A participle is a verbal.
• A participle looks like a verb, but it works like an
adjective.
• Participles can be single words that describe nouns.
-Ex. The worn shoe had seen better days.
(“Wear” is a verb. The past of the verb is
“wore” and the past participle is “worn.” In
this sentence “worn” is describing the
noun “shoe.” That makes “worn” work as an
adjective. “Worn” therefore is a participle.)
What is a Participle?
• Participles look like verbs but work as
adjectives.
– Ex. The smiling child enjoyed the story.
(The word “smile” is a verb. The present
participle is “smiling.” Since “smiling” is
describing the noun “child,” the word
“smiling” is working as an adjective. This
makes it a participle.)
How Do I Find a Participle?
• To find a participle, first locate any words in the
sentence that could be verbs.
• Then see which one is actually the action of the
sentence. That is the real verb.
• Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the
sentence. They are persons, places, things, or
ideas.
• Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If
they are actually describing a noun, then they
are participles.
Ho Do I Find a Participle?
•
To find a participle, first locate any words in the sentence that could be
verbs.
Ex. I was annoyed at the tapping pencil.
•
Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real
verb.
Ex. The action that is happening is that the subject “I” is
annoyed. “Annoyed” then is my actual verb.
•
Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are
persons, places, things, or ideas.
Ex. I was annoyed by the tapping pencil.
•
Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing
a noun, then they are participles.
Ex. Since “tapping” describes the noun “pencil,” “tapping”
is not a verb. It is a participle.
How Do I Find a Participle?
•
To find a participle, first locate any words in the sentence that could be
verbs.
Ex. The broken door caused a problem.
•
Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real
verb.
Ex. The actual action in the sentence is “caused.” It
follows my subject “door.”
•
Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are
persons, places, things, or ideas.
Ex. The broken door caused a problem.
•
Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing
a noun, then they are participles.
Ex. Since “broken” is describing the noun “door,” it is
working as an adjective. “Broken” is the participle.
What is a Participial Phrase?
• A participial phrase is a group of words
containing a participle.
• The entire participial phrase will function as an
adjective. That means it will describe a noun.
N
Part. Phr.
– Ex. The girl walking down the street is tall.
N
Part. Phr.
– Ex. I looked at the book leaning against the shelf.
How Do I Find a Participial Phrase?
• To find a participial phrase, first locate any
words in the sentence that could be verbs.
• Then see which one is actually the action of the
sentence. That is the real verb.
• Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the
sentence. They are persons, places, things, or
ideas.
• Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If
they are actually describing a noun, then they
are participles. The participles may be part of a
phrase, or a group of words, that will all be
describing the noun.
Ho Do I Find a Participial Phrase?
•
•
•
•
To find a participial phrase, first locate any words in the sentence that could
be verbs.
Ex. I saw a girl looking at the art display.
Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is the real
verb.
Ex. The subject is “I.” “Seeing” is what “I” is doing. That means the verb is
actually “saw.”
Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are
persons, places, things, or ideas.
Ex. I saw a girl looking at the art display.
Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually describing
a noun, then they are participles. The participles may be part of a phrase, or
a group of words, that will all be describing the noun.
Ex. “Girl” is a noun. The girl is being described in the sentence. “Looking at
the art display” tells about the girl. “Looking” is a participle. “Looking at the
art display” is the participial phrase.
Ho Do I Find a Participial Phrase?
• To find a participial phrase, first locate any words in the sentence
that could be verbs.
Ex. The man watching the movie is my teacher.
• Then see which one is actually the action of the sentence. That is
the real verb.
Ex. The subject of the sentence is “man.”
• Now look for all of the nouns or pronouns in the sentence. They are
persons, places, things, or ideas.
Ex. I saw a girl looking at the art display.
• Look at any words that still seem to be verbs. If they are actually
describing a noun, then they are participles. The participles may be
part of a phrase, or a group of words, that will all be describing the
noun.
Ex. “Girl” is a noun. The girl is being described in the sentence.
“Looking at the art display” tells about the girl. “Looking” is a
participle. “Looking at the art display” is the participial phrase.
Diagramming Participles
• Participles describe nouns. That means that
participles work like adjectives.
• An adjective hangs beneath the noun it
describes. That means that a participle should
also hang beneath the noun it describes.
• To distinguish between an adjective and a
participle, these two items are drawn differently.
• A participle is drawn on a hockey stick without a
tail. The participle curves around the hockey
stick.
Diagramming Participles
• Here is an example of how to diagram a
participle.
Ex. The burning building raged.
building raged
Diagramming Participles
• Here is another example:
– Ex. I comforted the crying child.
I
comforted
child
Diagramming Participial Phrases
• Diagramming participial phrases starts out the
same way as diagramming a a participle.
• As with all phrases, the parts of the phrase must
be diagrammed together. Mark the entire
phrase. It will all be diagrammed beneath the
noun it is describing.
• Participles are verbs doing the job of a different
part of speech. Since they are actually verbs
they can have direct objects and be modified by
prepositional phrases.
Diagramming Participial Phrases
• Here is an example of how to diagram a
participial phrase.
Part. phrase
Ex. The girl playing the piano is my sister.
girl
is
sister
piano
Diagramming Participial Phrases
• Here is another example.
Part. phrase
Ex. The man listening to the story is a professor.
man
is
professor
story
• This completes the review of participles.
• Additional review can be done in the
review folders housed in 106 and the
library.